CN100455888C - Method and apparatus for treating garbage - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for treating garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN100455888C CN100455888C CNB021295158A CN02129515A CN100455888C CN 100455888 C CN100455888 C CN 100455888C CN B021295158 A CNB021295158 A CN B021295158A CN 02129515 A CN02129515 A CN 02129515A CN 100455888 C CN100455888 C CN 100455888C
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- fuel gas
- heater
- blast tube
- partition wall
- grate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a garbage processing method. A gasifying agent enters an ash layer to happen heat exchange, and the gasifying agent enters an oxidization layer after heated. Heat is carried to a reduction zone by CO2 to happen reduction reaction with carbon and react water gas. Main components are CO and H2. A combustible gas passes through a fuel gas inlet 12 and is discharged outside a furnace by fuel gas outlets 7 and 16. A fuel gas generated in a dry distillation layer enters the reduction zone with the temperature of 900 to 1100 DEG. Cs, Dioxin class of substances are completely decomposed, enter the fuel gas inlet 12, and are discharged outside the furnace by the fuel gas outlets 7 and 16. A garbage processing device is arranged, a furnace body 6 is provided with a fuel gas passage of which one end is the fuel gas inlet 12, and the other end is the fuel gas outlets 7 and 16. The fuel gas inlet 12 is positioned in the furnace body 6, the fuel gas outlets 7 and 16 are not directly communicated with a cavity of the furnace body 6 and are only connected with the fuel gas passage, and an autologous cavity on the upper part of the furnace body 6 is in a closed state. Not only can the dioxin class substances in the fuel gas be effectively decomposed by the present invention in the process of gasification, but also stable operation can be carried out at high gasification efficiency under major gasification intensity.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to pyrolytic gasification processing method and device technique field thereof, particularly relate to refuse disposal installation.
Two, background technology
If traditional gasification furnace is adopted in the gasification of moulding rubbish, will make the dioxin-like chemical that contains severe toxicity in the combustion gas of generation inevitably, its synthesis temperature is 400 to 600 degrees centigrade, can all decompose in 2 seconds under the conditions of 850 degree Celsius.Gasifying agent enters gasification furnace from furnace bottom in traditional gasification furnace, and gasification furnace from bottom to top is ash bed, oxide layer, reducing zone, destructive distillation layer, drying layer, and oxide layer is a temperature highest point in the stove, is reducing zone secondly, is the destructive distillation layer once more, and the drying layer temperature is minimum.Dioxin-like chemical results from the destructive distillation layer in gasification furnace, the temperature of destructive distillation layer is 350～800 degrees centigrade, because gasification furnace is only promptly left in the synthetic back of dioxin after excess temperature is lower than the drying layer of 350 degree Celsius, in gasification furnace, can not decompose, the dioxin-like chemical that therefore will contain a large amount of severe toxicity in the coal gas is so traditional gasification furnace can not be used for the gasification of moulding rubbish.
Background paper related to the present invention is gas generator using garbage as fuel (number of patent application 00124777.8), the purpose of its disclosed in background paper " the anti-fiery gasification furnace of rubbish " is a gasification moulding rubbish, and the dioxin extremely toxic substance that in the process of gasification moulding rubbish moulding rubbish was produced in the destructive distillation stage decomposes effectively.Its structure is, in the body of heater of gasification furnace, is hollow except that a rotatable turriform grate is arranged at the bottom, and the import of gasifying agent is in upper of furnace body, and gas outlet is at bottom of furnace body.During work, the moulding garbage raw material adds from furnace roof, under the support of turriform grate, forms the material bed.Gasifying agent enters gasification furnace from the top of gasification furnace, and from top to bottom successively by drying layer, destructive distillation layer, oxide layer, reducing zone, ash bed, the combustion gas of generation is by behind the gap of turriform grate, through being arranged on the gas outlet output under the turriform grate.Will be before synthetic dioxin-like chemical leaves gasification furnace in the destructive distillation layer by the oxide layer and the temperature reducing zone that is 900～1100 degrees centigrade of temperature up to 1100～1300 degrees centigrade, so when gasification furnace is left in combustion gas, dioxin-like chemical wherein decomposes fully, therefore can produce clean combustion gas.
It is inevitable that anti-fiery gasification furnace has following two weak points: one for gasification efficiency is lower, because the oxide layer of anti-fiery gasification furnace is on reducing zone, gasifying agent at first enters oxide layer, and C+O takes place in oxide layer
2=CO
2Oxidation reaction, and emit a large amount of heats, for the usefulness of bottom reduction reaction; The main CO that takes place in reducing zone
2The reduction reaction of+C=CO and H
2O+C=CO+H
2Water gas reaction.When the temperature of reducing zone bottom drops to reaction and stops along with the carrying out of reaction, the material bed ash bed that becomes.Because reduction reaction and water gas reaction all must be carried out in the environment of carbon surplus, so must keep higher carbon content in the reducing zone, it is higher to change in the material of ash bed carbon content accordingly over to, generally will be above 5%, so the gasification efficiency of anti-internal heatization is lower.Two is that the intensity of gasification is lower.Continuous, stable carrying out in order to guarantee to gasify in anti-fiery gasification furnace, the feeding speed of gasifying agent will be subjected to strict control, the feeding speed increase of gasifying agent will make stove internal oxidation layer thickness increase, and oxide layer is moved down, cause reducing zone attenuate and move down, make reduction reaction lose the necessary time, cause reduction reaction insufficient, CO in the combustion gas
2Content increases, CO and H
2Content reduce, combustion gas quality descends, also will be owing to too high oxygen level in the combustion gas has an accident when serious.The decline of oxide layer also will make the ash bed temperature rise, and the operation and the life-span of grate be caused serious harm, so anti-internal heatization can only be worked under the less intensity of gasification.
Three, summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are: a kind of waste disposal method and device thereof are provided, it not only can decompose the dioxin-like chemical in the combustion gas effectively in gasification, but also can stably move with higher gasification efficiency under the bigger intensity of gasification.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of refuse disposal installation comprises hopper, body of heater, grate and is arranged on the interior blast tube of body of heater; One end of described blast tube is to make the fuel gas inlet that combustible gas enters in the body of heater, and the other end is the gas outlet that combustible gas is discharged outside stove, it is characterized in that:
--being provided with partition wall in the described body of heater, is cavity hollow and that form body of heater self thus between the bottom of partition wall and the grate;
--the top of the cavity of described body of heater self is closed state, and the cavity of described gas outlet and body of heater self does not directly communicate, and only is connected with blast tube;
--described blast tube is located in the described partition wall, so that combustion gas is all from wherein passing through, described blast tube comprises vertical blast tube and horizontal blast tube, and described vertical blast tube upper end communicates with horizontal blast tube, and the end of described horizontal blast tube is gas outlet;
--described fuel gas inlet is positioned at the bottom of body of heater and at the reducing zone of the bed of material, and communicates with the bottom of many described vertical blast tubes;
--described vertical blast tube is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, so that gasifying agent enters the ash bed of the bed of material from bottom to top by described grate.
The present invention and anti-internal heatization relatively have the following advantages, and the first, the carbon content of material progressively reduces from top to bottom in the oxide layer, and the oxygen content in the gasifying agent that oxide layer contacted then is progressively to raise from top to bottom.This just makes the oxide layer material touch the very high fresh oxidant of oxygen content when carbon content is low, thereby guarantees that oxidation reaction carries out comparatively thoroughly, so the carbon content in the lime-ash lowers greatly than anti-fiery evaporating method, and gasification efficiency is improved greatly.Second, can under the bigger intensity of gasification, gasify, after gasifying agent feeding amount strengthened, the corresponding faster rotational speed that makes the turriform grate improved the lime-ash velocity of discharge, can guarantee to move on oxide layer is not, even the quantity of lime-ash increases because the flow velocity of gasifying agent increases, make it and lime-ash between the heat exchange aggravation, therefore the discharge temperature of lime-ash can not rise, so can not work the mischief to the turriform grate.So the intensity of gasification of middle moulding refuse gasification boiler will be enhanced about more than once than anti-fiery gasification furnace.Moulding refuse gasification boiler involved in the present invention since the temperature of reducing zone up to 900～1000 degrees centigrade, the hypertoxic dioxin-like chemical that produces during destructive distillation will decompose under this temperature fully, will not contain poisonous composition in the combustion gas of output.Not only the dioxin in the combustion gas can be decomposed in gasification effectively, and can under the bigger intensity of gasification, stably move with higher gasification efficiency.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of waste disposal method of the present invention and installs first kind of embodiment master and look cutaway view;
Fig. 2 is the in-line schematic diagram for second kind of embodiment partition wall of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a Y font schematic diagram for the third embodiment partition wall of the present invention;
Fig. 4 looks cutaway view for the 4th kind of embodiment master of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that Fig. 4 A-A is to cutaway view.
Five, specific embodiments
Accompanying drawing 1～5 is described as follows: 1 is the gasification furnace support; 2 for holding ash-pan; 3 is the turriform grate; 4 is the body of heater cavity; 5 is partition wall; 6 is body of heater; 7,16 is gas outlet; 8 is distributing device; 9 is hopper; 1O is a feed bin; 11 is vertical blast tube; 12 is fuel gas inlet; 13 is blowing line; 14 are the combustion gas horizontal channel; 15 is charge pipe; 17 are a combustion gas road; 18 is the total combustion gas road of annular.
Describe embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of waste disposal method
Describe the first～three kind of embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1～3.Moulding rubbish adds in the gasification furnace through hopper 9 from feed bin 10, and the effect of distributing device 8 is that the raw material of adding is evenly distributed in stove.Material is in body of heater 6, and material is by turriform grate 3 supports, and the turriform grate is rotatable, and its effect is lime-ash continuously to be pushed through hold in the ash-pan 2 from body of heater 6, to keep carrying out continuously of gasification.The bed of material from bottom to top forms ash bed, oxide layer, reducing zone, destructive distillation layer, drying layer naturally.It is characterized in that: in the described body of heater 6 blast tube is arranged, described blast tube one end is a fuel gas inlet 12, the other end is a gas outlet 7, described fuel gas inlet 12 is positioned at body of heater 6, described gas outlet 7 does not directly communicate with body of heater 6 cavitys, and only link to each other with blast tube, so combustion gas has only from gas outlet and discharges.Self cavity on described body of heater 6 tops is a closed state, and described inlet pipeline 11 is positioned at the bottom of body of heater 6.
Present embodiment also comprises partition wall 5, and this partition wall 5 places body of heater 6, and all blast tubes from wherein passing through of combustion gas are arranged on the described partition wall 5.Between the bottom of described partition wall 5 and the grate 3 is hollow, and the fuel gas inlet 12 on this partition wall 5 is positioned at the reducing zone of body of heater 6.Described partition wall 5 can be built by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick fully and be formed, can form with unformed refractory material casting fully, and also can be both be combined intos.
Described blast tube comprises vertical blast tube 11 and horizontal blast tube 14, and described vertical blast tube 11 upper ends communicate with horizontal blast tube 14, and described horizontal blast tube 14 ends both had been gas outlet 7.The bottom of described many vertical blast tubes 11 has fuel gas inlet 12 to communicate with the raw material bed.
When gasifying agent from blowing line 13, enter ash bed by turriform grate 3 after, will with hot lime-ash generation heat exchange, gasification agent temperature raises, ash temperature reduces.Gasifying agent through the lime-ash heating upwards enters oxide layer, produces CO with raw material generation oxidation reaction
2, and emit a large amount of heats, a part of heat passes to the material of top reducing zone by material self by heat exchange pattern, and another part heat is by oxidation reaction product CO
2Be carried to reducing zone,, generate fuel gas with carbon generation reduction reaction and the water gas reaction in the reducing zone material.The combustible gas that produces enters fuel gas inlet 12, and up by many vertical blast tubes 11, each vertical channel 11 upper end communicates with horizontal blast tube 14, and combustion gas compiles after gas outlet 7 is exported outside stove in horizontal blast tube 14.Because being positioned at the raw material of fuel gas inlet more than 12 can not get aitiogenic gasifying agent, so only thermal decomposition, i.e. destructive distillation can take place.The required heat part of destructive distillation is conducted from the heat of bottom reducing zone material, and another part is from the heat conduction of partition wall 5.Because the top of body of heater 6 does not have and the material bed outlet that communicates, the combustion gas that destructive distillation produces will be to descending, to temperature is that 900-1100 degree centigrade the reducing zone and the combustion gas of reducing zone generation converge, make the dioxin-like chemical of contained severe toxicity in the combustion gas take place thoroughly to decompose, enter fuel gas inlet 12 then, through vertical blast tube 11, horizontal blast tube 14, outside stove, carry from gas outlet 7.The bottom of gasification furnace is supported by support 1.
Embodiment 2: partition wall 5 as shown in Figure 2 is one perforation body of heater 6, and passes through the in-line partition wall at body of heater 6 centers, and the partition wall top is horizontal blast tube 14.Horizontal blast tube two ends communicate with gas outlet 7.Gas outlet can be to be two that 180 degree distribute, and also can only have one.
Embodiment 3: partition wall 5 as shown in Figure 3 is Y shapes, the center that is centered close to body of heater 6 of partition wall 5, and the wall angle is 120 degree, there is horizontal blast tube 14 on the top of per pass wall and communicates with gas outlet 7.
Present embodiment can be taked the arrangement of reinforced and gas outlet as shown in Figure 3.Corresponding to arranging three charge pipes 15 by partition wall 5 formed three spaces, horizontal blast tube 14 communicates with gas outlet 7 in body of heater 6 centre at hopper 9, and gas outlet 7 is only established one.
The 4th kind of embodiment operation principle of the utility model following (seeing accompanying drawing 4-5): the solid material in the feed bin 10 adds in the body of heater 6 through hopper 9, gasifying agent enters body of heater 6 from gasifying agent inlet pipeline 13 by turriform grate 3, carries out gasification reaction with wherein solid material.It is characterized in that: the total combustion gas road 18 of gas outlet 16 and annular communicates, and described combustion gas road 17 communicates with the total combustion gas road 18 of annular.Described gas outlet 16 is positioned at the external diameter of body of heater 6, and the total combustion gas of a described annular road 18 and a combustion gas road 17 are positioned among the body of heater 6.A fuel gas inlet 12 and a combustion gas road 17 have several.
Gasifying agent upwards enters oxide layer by ash bed, after carbon dioxide that is produced by oxide layer and steam upwards enter reducing zone, with the carbon generation reduction reaction in the reducing zone, generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and from several fuel gas inlet 12, by a combustion gas road 17 identical with fuel gas inlet 12 quantity, also can be different, after the total combustion gas of annular road 18 converges, outwards carry by gas outlet pipe 16.
Destructive distillation layer in material bed is positioned at fuel gas inlet pipe top, the dioxin-like chemical that contains severe toxicity in the destructive distillation gas that produces in the destructive distillation layer, because the top of body of heater 6 does not have gas outlet, so, along with the increase of destructive distillation gas, the pressure on body of heater 6 tops also increases gradually, and this will force destructive distillation gas downward, promptly surpass the reducing zone motion of 900 degree, all cracking at high temperature of the noxious material in the destructive distillation this moment gas to temperature.Enter fuel gas inlet 12 respectively through the combustion gas of Pintsch process, fuel gas inlet 12 is positioned at the reducing zone of solid material bed, by a combustion gas road 17, after the total combustion gas of annular road 18 converges, by gas outlet pipe 16 to output.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of refuse disposal installation comprises hopper (9), body of heater (6), grate (3) and is arranged on the interior blast tube of body of heater (6); One end of described blast tube is to make the fuel gas inlet (12) that combustible gas enters in the body of heater, and the other end is the gas outlet (7,16) that combustible gas is discharged outside stove, it is characterized in that:
---being provided with partition wall (5) in the described body of heater, is cavity hollow and that form body of heater self thus between the bottom of partition wall and the grate (3);
---the top of the cavity of described body of heater (6) self is closed state, and the cavity of described gas outlet (7,16) and body of heater (6) self does not directly communicate, and only is connected with blast tube;
---described blast tube is located in the described partition wall (5), so that combustion gas is all from wherein passing through, described blast tube comprises vertical blast tube (11) and horizontal blast tube (14), described vertical blast tube (11) upper end communicates with horizontal blast tube (14), and the end of described horizontal blast tube (14) is gas outlet (7);
---described fuel gas inlet (12) is positioned at the bottom of body of heater (6) and at the reducing zone of the bed of material, and communicates with the bottom of many described vertical blast tubes (11);
---gasifying agent enters the bed of material from bottom to top by grate, and rubbish adds the body of heater through described hopper from feed bin; The described bed of material from bottom to top forms ash bed, oxide layer, reducing zone, destructive distillation layer, drying layer naturally.
2, refuse disposal installation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described grate is the turriform grate and can rotates.
3, refuse disposal installation as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described partition wall is in-line.
4, refuse disposal installation as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described partition wall is Y-shaped.
5, as according to the described refuse disposal installation of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described hopper (9) is arranged 3 charge pipes (15) corresponding to formed three spaces of partition wall (5), and described horizontal blast tube (14) communicates with gas outlet (7) in body of heater (6) centre.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021295158A CN100455888C (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2002-08-29 | Method and apparatus for treating garbage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021295158A CN100455888C (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2002-08-29 | Method and apparatus for treating garbage |
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| CN1397763A CN1397763A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| CN100455888C true CN100455888C (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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| CNB021295158A Expired - Fee Related CN100455888C (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2002-08-29 | Method and apparatus for treating garbage |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101776269B (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-12-21 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | N-level incineration treatment technology for domestic garbage |
| CN102994152A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-03-27 | 南京绿展能源有限公司 | Sludge vaporizing furnace |
| CN102399591A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Intermediate air supply type garbage gasification furnace |
| CN102994150B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-05-14 | 孙吉章 | Gasifying method and vertical air inlet device of biomass gasifier |
| CN104449873B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-06-06 | 江苏三色环境科技有限公司 | A kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis gas-made technology |
| AT517644B1 (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2018-08-15 | Gaston Ing Glock | Method and device for drying wood chips |
| CN109266393A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-01-25 | 黄多能 | With automatic ash removing function without fire grate biological fuel gasification furnace |
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Granted publication date: 20090128 Termination date: 20110829 |