CN100439343C - 2-烷基硫-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)取代尿嘧啶类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
2-烷基硫-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)取代尿嘧啶类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种S-DABO类逆转录酶抑制剂2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物的合成方法及其抗HIV病毒作用,该类化合物具有如下结构式:其中,R1=H,C1-5的烷基;R2=C1-5的烷基,C1-6的烯基或炔基甲基,对甲氧基或硝基取代的苄基,对氯或溴代苯甲酰甲基;R3=1-萘基,苯基,2,6-二氯苯基。本发明化合物以2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶为反应物,与芳乙腈在60%NaH催化下反应而获得。药理实验结果表明,该化合物具有显著的抗HIV-1病毒活性,并对HIV-2 ROD病毒株显示出较好的抑制作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属医药技术领域,具体涉及一种S-DABO类衍生物2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物及其制备方法和用途。该系列化合物不仅具有较好的抗HIV-1病毒活性,对HIV-2 ROD病毒株也显示出一定的抑制作用。
背景技术
艾滋病(AIDS)即获得性免疫缺陷综合症(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)所致。
逆转录酶(Reverse transcriptase,RT)因其在HIV从mRNA反转录为DNA的过程中起主导作用,而成为抗艾滋病药物设计的重要靶点。
在抗HIV的药物中,非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)因其高效低毒等优点而倍受各国科研工作者的青睐。目前,该类抑制剂中FDA批准上市的有奈维拉平(Nevirapine)、地拉韦定(Delavirdine)及依非韦伦(Efavitrenz),另外批准用于临床研究的有α-APAR089439、HBY097等。经典的NNRTIs只作用于HIV-1病毒,对HIV-2病毒无效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种S-DABO类逆转录酶抑制剂2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物。
本发明另一目的是提出上述化合物的制备方法。
本发明再一目的是提出上述化合物的应用。
二氢烷氧苄基嘧啶二酮(S-DABO)类似物是近年来发现的一类较好的NNRTIs,经过一系列的结构改造,已经发现了一系列具有较好前景的化合物。本发明采用DOCK对接从理论上模拟了该类抑制剂与HIV-1RT的作用方式,并以此为指导对其进行结构修饰,将6-位的甲基引入氰基,这样一方面通过氰基与周围氨基酸残基形成氢键而增强配体与逆转录酶的相互作用;另一方面,氰基作为吸电子基可增强6-位芳环与逆转录酶口袋中的氨基酸Tyr188上多电子的苯环之间的π-π堆积作用;同时,在5-位引入大小不同的烷基起协同作用,设计并合成了一系列2-(烷基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物。并对其进行了生物活性测试,结果显示大部分化合物具有较强的抗HIV-1病毒作用,毒性较小,且部分化合物显示了一定的抗HIV-2作用。
本发明根据计算机辅助药物设计,设计并合成了一系列全新结构的2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物。
本发明提供的上述化合物具有如下结构通式:
其中:
R1为H或C1-5的烷基;
R2为C1-5的烷基,C1-6的烯基或炔基甲基,对甲氧基或硝基取代的苄基,对氯或溴代苯甲酰甲基;
R3为1-萘基,苯基,2,6-二氯苯基。
该类化合物的制备方法如下:
以2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶为反应物,与芳乙腈在55-70%NaH催化下反应而获得本发明产物,其反应式如下所示:
第一步 第二步
其中:
2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶根据文献(G.F.Sun,F.E.Chen,et al.Arch.Pharm.Chem.Life Sci.2005,338,1.)制得,反应式如下所示:
R1=H,C1-5的烷基;R2=C1-5的烷基,C1-6的烯基或炔基甲基,对甲氧基或硝基取代的苄基,对氯或溴代苯甲酰甲基;R3=1-萘基,苯基,2,6-二氯苯基;X=Cl、Br、I。
具体步骤如下:在惰性气体保护下,将2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶溶于无水DMF中,室温搅拌10~30分钟,加入芳乙腈;控温-5~-15℃,加入55-70%NaH;升至室温,搅拌反应48-72h;冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入溶剂,室温搅拌10-30分钟后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10-20%NaOH水溶液,室温反应24-48h。即得到所需产物。其中:
(1)2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶与芳乙腈的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶1.2,芳乙腈为1-萘乙腈或苯乙腈或2,6-二氯苯乙腈;惰性气体为氮气、氩气等。
(2)第一步溶剂为DMF,1mmol原料需加入该溶剂6~10ml;第二步发应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇中的一种或它们的混合物。
本发明的化合物不仅合成方法简单而且是一种全新的抗HIV病毒试剂,可作为有前景的抗AIDS的药物候选物。生物活性测试结果表明:
(1)该类化合物普遍具有抗HIV-1病毒活性,其中部分化合物显示出强活性、低细胞毒性和高选择指数。
(2)其中有些化合物不仅具有抗HIV-1病毒作用,也显示出一定的抗HIV-2病毒作用。
本发明化合物结构新颖,具有较好的活性,细胞毒性小。制备方法比较简单,可进一步开发为抗AIDS药物。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施例将有助于理解本发明,但是不能限制本发明的内容。
实施例1:2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶的合成
在惰性气体保护下,将2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶(25mmol)溶于150~250ml无水DMF中,室温搅拌10~30分钟,加入25~30mmol芳乙腈;控温-5~-15℃,分批加入55-70%NaH(1.2g,30mmol),加毕,缓慢升至室温,搅拌反应48-72h;冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入乙醇,室温搅拌半小时后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10%NaOH水溶液,加毕,室温反应24-48h。冰水冷却下,用冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加水,CH2Cl2提取,干燥,浓缩,柱层析纯化(CH2Cl2),再经重结晶得纯品。
以不同的2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶与不同的芳乙腈用上述方法分别制得目标产物,部分结果如下:
在氮气保护下,将2-异丙基基硫-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶(25mmol)溶于150ml无水DMF中,室温搅拌10分钟,加入25mmol1-萘乙腈。控温-5℃分批加入60%NaH(1.2g,30mmol),加毕,缓慢升至室温,搅拌反应48h。冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入乙醇,室温搅拌半小时后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10%NaOH水溶液,加毕,室温反应48h。冰水冷却下,用冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加水,CH2Cl2提取,干燥,浓缩,柱层析纯化(CH2Cl2),再经甲醇重结晶得纯品。
白色固体,收率:50%;熔点:169.5-171.9℃;1H NMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:1.19(d,J=6.7Hz,3H,CH3),1.24(d,J=6.7Hz,3H,CH3),3.72(sep,J=6.7Hz,1H,CH(CH3)2),6.19(s,1H,CHCN),6.40(s,1H,CH),7.57-8.25(m,7H,Naph),12.87(s,1H,NH)。
操作如上,甲醇重结晶的白色固体,收率:50%;熔点:183.2-183.7℃;1HNMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:3.31(s,2H,CH2),6.97(s,1H,CHCN),7.42-8.08(m,12H,Naph,Ph),12.89(s,1H,NH)。
操作如上,甲醇重结晶的白色固体,收率:42%;熔点:212-213.7℃;1H NMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:1.28(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,CH3),1.41(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,CH3),1.98(s,3H,CH3),3.87(sep,J=6.8Hz,1H,CH(CH3)2),5.87(s,1H,CHCN),7.55-8.32(m,7H,Naph),12.80(s,1H,NH)。
在氩气保护下,将2-异丙基硫-5-乙基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶(25mmol)溶于200ml无水DMF中,室温搅拌20分钟,加入27.5mmol苯乙腈。控温-10℃分批加入60%NaH(1.2g,30mmol),加毕,缓慢升至室温,搅拌反应56h。冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入乙醇,室温搅拌半小时后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10%NaOH水溶液,加毕,室温反应30h。冰水冷却下,用冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加水,CH2Cl2提取,干燥,浓缩,柱层析纯化(CH2Cl2),再经甲醇重结晶得纯品
白色晶体,收率:49%;熔点:140.5-141.9℃;1H NMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,CH2CH3),1.27(d,J=6.6Hz,3H,CH3),1.41(d,J=6.6Hz,3H,CH3),2.47(q,J=7.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.86(sep,J=6.6Hz,1H,CH(CH3)2),5.88(s,1H,CHCN),7.29-7.88(m,5H,Ph),12.79(s,1H,NH)。
操作如上,甲醇重结晶的淡黄色晶体,收率:35%;熔点:214.1-215.0℃;1HNMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:1.29-1.70(m,8H,cyclopentyl),1.95(s,3H,CH3),3.47-3.50(m,1H,cyclopentyl),6.51(s,1H,CHCN),7.56-8.71(m,7H,Naph),12.96(s,1H,NH)。
操作如上,甲醇重结晶的白色固体,收率:36%;熔点:228-229.4℃;1H NMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:0.77(t,J=7.2Hz,3H,CH2CH3),1.10(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,CH3),1.32(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,CH3),2.43(q,J=7.2Hz,2H,CH2),3.70(sep,J=6.8Hz,1H,CH(CH3)2),6.55(s,1H,CHCN),7.55-8.18(m,7H,Naph),12.84(s,1H,NH)。
在氮气保护下,将2-环戊基硫-5-乙基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶(25mmol)溶于250ml无水DMF中,室温搅拌0分钟,加入30mmol 1-萘乙腈。控温-15℃分批加入60%NaH(1.2g,30mmol),加毕,缓慢升至室温,搅拌反应72h。冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入乙醇,室温搅拌半小时后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10%NaOH水溶液,加毕,室温反应24h。冰水冷却下,用冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加水,CH2Cl2提取,干燥,浓缩,柱层析纯化(CH2Cl2),再经甲醇重结晶得纯品。
黄色晶体,收率:37%;熔点:216.3-217.2℃;1H NMR(DMSO,500MHz)δppm:0.77(t,J=7.3Hz,3H,CH2CH3),1.28-2.15(m,8H,cyclopentyl),2.44(q,J=7.3Hz,2H,CH2),3.66-3.69(m,1H,cyclopentyl),6.54(s,1H,CHCN),7.54-8.15(m,7H,Naph),12.85(s,1H,NH)。
操作如上,甲醇重结晶的黄色晶体,收率:41%;熔点:195.8-197.3℃;1HNMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δppm:0.98(t,J=7.4Hz,3H,CH2CH3),2。48(q,J=7.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.40-3.73(m,2H,CH2),5.02-5.20(m,2H,CH2),5.69-5.71(m,1H,CH),5.87(s,1H,CHCN),7.34-7.95(m,7H,Naph),12.55(s,1H,NH)。
实施例3抗HIV生物活性测试
体外细胞水平的抗HIV-1病毒活性由比利时Katholleke大学的Rega药物研究所测定,主要包括:对HIV-1感染的MT-4细胞的抑制活性及细胞毒性两方面。方法描述如下:使化合物在HIV-1感染的MT-4细胞中,于感染HIV-1不同时间,用MTT法测定药物对HIV诱变的细胞病变的保护作用,计算使50%的细胞免于HIV诱导的细胞病变所需的浓度半数有效浓度IC50,毒性测定与抗HIV活性实验平行进行,也是在MT-4细胞培养中,用MTT法测定化合物使50%的未感染细胞发生细胞病变的浓度(CC50),并计算选择性指数SI=CC50/IC50。
材料与方法:
各化合物的抗HIV活性由药物对HIV在细胞中引起的细胞病变的抑制作用效率来监控。采用MT-4细胞进行细胞培养。采用的病毒株有:HIV-1病毒株IIIB及HIV-2病毒株ROD。
具体操作如下:将化合物用DMSO或水溶解后用磷酸盐缓冲食盐水溶液稀释,将3×105MT-4细胞用100ul各化合物不同浓度此溶液在37℃预培养1h,让后向该混合物中加入100ul适当的病毒稀释液,将细胞子37℃培养1h。洗涤三次后,将细胞再次分别悬浮于含有或不含有化合物的培养介质中。接着将细胞在5%CO2氛围中,于37℃下再培养7天,并于感染后第三天用含有或不含有化合物的培养介质替换补充培养液。每种培养液条件都重复操作两次。对病毒的细胞病变作用每天都用反向光学显微镜监控。典型来讲,本实验中所用的病毒稀释液常常会在病毒感染后第五天导致细胞病变。药物抑制浓度以药物对病毒细胞病变作用产生50%抑制作用而同时对细胞无直接毒性的浓度(IC50)表示。值得强调的是,当化合物水溶性较差,需要用DMSO才能溶解时,DMSO比浓度相对于水来讲,一般低于10%,(DMSO在MT-4细胞培养介质中最终浓度小于2%)。因为DMSO能影响测试化合物的抗病毒活性,对含有相同浓度DMSO溶液抗病毒活性对比空白实验也应该平行进行。另外,DMSO最终浓度(1/1000)远远低于影响HIV-1在T细胞中复制所需的浓度。
本发明用HEPT和DDI作对照品,部分目标化合物对HIV的抑制活性结果见表1。
表1.抗HIV活性
实验结果表明,化学结构通式中所包含的化合物普遍具有抗HIV-1病毒活性,其中部分化合物显示出强的抗HIV-1作用,具有较小的细胞毒性和较高的选择性指数。同时部分化合物显示出一定的抗HIV-2作用,有异于经典的NNRTIs.
Claims (2)
2、一种如权利要求1所述的2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-6-(1-氰基芳甲基)尿嘧啶类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:其反应式如下:
其中:R1为C1-5的烷基;R2为C1-5的烷基,C1-6的烯基或炔基甲基,对甲氧基或硝基取代的苄基,对氯或溴代苯甲酰甲基;R3为1-萘基,苯基,2,6-二氯苯基;
具体步骤如下:在惰性气体保护下,将2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶溶于无水DMF中,室温搅拌10~30分钟,加入芳乙腈;控温-5~-15℃,加入55-70%NaH;升至室温,搅拌反应48-72h;冰水冷却下,冰醋酸调至pH=5-6,减压浓缩,加入溶剂,室温搅拌10-30分钟后,冰水冷却下,滴加入10-20%NaOH水溶液,室温反应24-48h,即得到所需产物;其中
(1)2-(饱和或不饱和烃基、取代苄基或取代苯甲酰甲基硫)-5-烷基-4,6-二对甲苯磺酸酯基嘧啶与芳乙腈的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶1.2,芳乙腈为1-萘乙腈或苯乙腈或2,6-二氯苯乙腈;惰性气体为氮气、氩气;
(2)第一步溶剂为DMF,1mmol原料需加入该溶剂6~10ml;第二步发应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇中的一种或它们的混合物。
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