CN100418732C - 用于驱动多轴挤压机的传动装置 - Google Patents

用于驱动多轴挤压机的传动装置 Download PDF

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CN100418732C
CN100418732C CNB2004800090074A CN200480009007A CN100418732C CN 100418732 C CN100418732 C CN 100418732C CN B2004800090074 A CNB2004800090074 A CN B2004800090074A CN 200480009007 A CN200480009007 A CN 200480009007A CN 100418732 C CN100418732 C CN 100418732C
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约瑟夫·A·布拉克
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435Sub-screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/425Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
    • B29C48/43Ring extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19074Single drive plural driven
    • Y10T74/19079Parallel
    • Y10T74/19084Spur
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19126Plural drivers plural driven
    • Y10T74/19135Spur
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked

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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提出一种用于驱动挤压机(1)的传动装置,该挤压机带有多个轴向平行的轴(3),这些轴彼此之间以相等的角度围绕一圆布置并沿同一方向旋转,且设有传送元件(4)。为此,所述轴(3)与从动轴(11)相连,其中每个从动轴设有一小齿轮(19,20)。每个被驱动的小齿轮(19,20)与带有外齿的驱动轮(21,22)和带有内齿的中空齿轮(24,25)啮合。所述带有外齿的驱动轮(21,22)和带有内齿的中空齿轮(24,25)以相同的扭矩被驱动。

Description

用于驱动多轴挤压机的传动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于驱动多轴挤压机的传动装置(或传动系统)。
背景技术
与两轴挤压机相比,在轮缘周围带有螺旋轴的多轴挤压机的优点是具有为两轴挤压机两倍的楔形区域,在这些楔形区域内,当产品通过传送元件从一个轴传送到下一个轴时,能够得到特别有效的加工。
多轴挤压机的功率/动力主要取决于传动装置所提供的扭矩。传动装置的最大功率将受到轴间窄间隙的显著影响。因此,传动装置的功率可由扭矩与轴隙(cm3)之比计算出的指标表示。
EP 0788867 B1公开了一种多轴挤压机的已知传动装置。这种已知多轴挤压机传动装置的功率极限目前大约为每轴6Nm/cm3
发明内容
本发明的目的是显著提高多轴挤压机的传动装置的功率。
为达到上述目的,本发明提出一种用于驱动挤压机的传动装置,该挤压机带有多个轴向平行的轴,这些轴沿同一方向旋转,彼此之间以相等的角度围绕一圆布置,并且以抗扭矩的方式与传送元件相连,从而使相邻的轴彼此啮合,其中该传动装置的从动轴以抗扭矩的方式与所述轴同轴地相连,每个从动轴具有一小齿轮,这些被驱动的小齿轮与设置在一中央传动轴上的带有外齿的驱动轮啮合,并且还与一带有内齿的外围中空齿轮啮合,轴向偏置的小齿轮被布置成靠近从动轴,中央传动轴的驱动轮和中空齿轮以类似的偏置方式布置,其中,中空齿轮具有外齿,其与位于外部传动轴上的驱动轮啮合,以使得以相同的扭矩驱动每个中空齿轮,其中每个被驱动的小齿轮所获得的扭矩的一半由中央传动轴产生,另一半由中空齿轮产生。
有利的是,由于相邻从动轴的被驱动小齿轮的轴向偏置,外部传动轴具有不同的长度,并且较短的外部传动轴具有比较长的外部传动轴小的直径。
有利的是,至少两个彼此之间以相等的角度布置的外部驱动轮与中空齿轮的外齿啮合。
有利的是,为驱动中央传动轴和外部传动轴,设置一带有内齿和外齿的同轴浮动衬套,其中所述内齿与内部传动轴上的外齿啮合,所述外齿与中空齿轮的内齿啮合,该中空齿轮的外齿通过一轴向偏置的换向轮与位于外部传动轴上的齿轮啮合。
有利的是,所述外齿和内齿由彼此相对的斜锥齿构成。
有利的是,借助直齿驱动所述衬套。
有利的是,挤压机的工作部分带有多个轴向平行的轴,从动轴从传动装置伸出,这些从动轴以抗扭矩方式分别与所述工作部分的轴同轴地连接。
根据本发明,每个第一小齿轮和第二小齿轮均轴向偏置,并且在其内侧由位于中央的带有外齿的驱动轮以及在其外侧由位于外围的带有内齿的中空齿轮驱动,其中这两种情况下的扭矩相同。
由于它们之间的间隙较小,多轴挤压机的传动装置的这些从动轴必须具有相对较小的直径。因此,它们承受了最大的负载。如果没有横向力或类似的力施加在从动轴上,则能够实现较高的扭矩。根据本发明,可通过利用以与带有外齿的驱动轮相同的扭矩驱动带有内齿的中空齿轮的方式来确保这一点。因此,作用在小齿轮上的径向力可以被彼此抵消。
可采用多种方式实施这种用于使带有外齿的中央驱动轮和带有内齿的外围中空齿轮具有相同功率的驱动。例如,两个适于电动控制的独立马达可通过相同的扭矩驱动带有外齿的中央驱动轮和带有内齿的中空齿轮。另一种可能性是一方面在传动装置的主动轴和带有外齿的中央驱动轮之间、另一方面在主动轴和外围带有内齿的中空齿轮之间设置差动齿轮,这样便能够将主动轴产生的扭矩的一半分配给带有外齿的中央驱动轮,而另一半分配给带有内齿的中空齿轮。
附图说明
现在基于附图对根据本发明的传动装置的实施例进行说明。在这些附图中:
图1示出了通过多轴挤压机的工作部分的纵剖面图;
图2示出了沿图1中的II-II线剖开的剖面图;
图3示出了通过用于驱动多轴挤压机的传动装置的纵剖面图;
图4和5示出了沿图3中的IV-IV和V-V线剖开的剖面图;以及
图6示出了图3中的接合和支化衬套的放大视图。
具体实施方式
如图1和2所示,挤压机的工作部分1位于带有芯部2b的壳体2a中,它具有多个轴向平行轴3,这些轴3沿相同的方向旋转,以彼此之间以相同的角度围绕着一圆(图2)布置,这些轴还配备有传送元件4,其中相邻轴的传送元件4彼此啮合。
在工作部分1的两个端面处,利用端板5和6将工作部分1密封。借助于支化传动装置7沿相同方向被旋转驱动的轴3在传送侧延伸穿过端板。
如图3至6所示,支化传动装置借助于板9与工作部分1的端板5相连。
在面向工作部分1的一侧,十二个从动轴11从支化传动装置7伸出。这些从动轴以抗扭矩(torque-proof)方式分别与工作部分1的十二个轴3同轴地连接。在背离工作部分1的一侧,通过连接壳体8并借助凸缘将支化传动装置7安装在齿轮减速装置12上;主动轴13从齿轮减速装置12延伸到连接壳体8内。利用一未示出的马达驱动该齿轮减速装置12。
借助于接合和支化衬套40,主动轴13可驱动与其同轴并位于其内侧的传动轴14以及四个位于外部的轴向平行的传动轴15至18。
从动轴11和小齿轮19,20由单一部件制成。由于从动轴11之间的轴向间隙较小,靠近从动轴11的小齿轮19,20产生了轴向偏置。这意味着小齿轮19比小齿轮20更靠近工作部分1。
因此,中央传动轴14以无扭矩(torque-free)方式设置有两个轴向偏置的内部带有外齿的驱动轮21,22,其中该两个驱动轮与小齿轮19,20啮合。
小齿轮19,20由带有外齿的中央驱动轮21,22以及被布置成彼此径向相对的带有内齿的外围中空齿轮24,25共同驱动,所述中空齿轮24,25也轴向偏置。
每个中空齿轮24,25具有外齿,用于与位于四个外部传动轴15至18上的带有外齿的驱动轮26至29啮合。按照与小齿轮19,20、内部驱动轮21,22以及中空齿轮24,25相同的方式,外部驱动轮26至29也被布置成轴向偏置。
从图3、4和5中可以看出,这意味着通过中空齿轮24来驱动更靠近工作部分的小齿轮19的两个外部传动轴15,17比驱动小齿轮20的两个外部传动轴16,18长。由于作用在长的外部传动轴15,17和作用在短的外部传动轴16,18上的扭矩相同,因此在很大程度上长的外部传动轴15,17要比短的外部传动轴更容易扭转到一起。为了使旋转角相等,长的传动轴15,17应具有相对较大的直径,以确保可向中空齿轮24和25精确地分配扭矩。
中空齿轮24,25通过径向相对的外部驱动轮26,28和27,29以很大程度上使力中和的方式居中。因此,中空齿轮24,25的径向轴承31,32可相对较小。外部传动轴15至18借助于径向轴承33,34和35,36被支撑在壳体内。从动轴11则通过支撑轴承37,38和径向轴承39被支撑。
为了动力分配的目的,设置一个同轴地布置的浮动衬套40,以驱动内部传动轴14和外部传动轴15至18。如图6所示,浮动衬套40具有外部直齿41,用于与套筒43的内侧上的内齿42啮合,其中所述套筒43以抗扭矩的方式与主动轴13相连。
此外,浮动衬套40带有分别位于内部和外部、彼此相对的斜锥齿45和44,它们一方面与位于内部传动轴14上的斜锥齿46啮合,另一方面还与位于中空齿轮47的内侧的斜锥齿啮合,所述中空齿轮还设有外齿,其通过插入其中的换向轮48与位于外部传动轴15至18上的齿轮49,50啮合。
代替如图所示带有衬套40、中空齿轮47、换向轮48等以将主动轴13的扭矩分配给内部传动轴14和外部传动轴15至18的传动装置,可以采用能够进行最佳分配(即一方面将一半的动力分配给内部传动轴14,另一方面将另一半的动力分配给外部传动轴15至18)的任何传动装置。
替换与中空齿轮24或25啮合的两组径向相对的外部驱动轮26,28和27,29,可以采用彼此之间以相等角度布置的三个或多个外部驱动轮,这些驱动轮与每个中空齿轮24,25啮合,借此可使中空齿轮24,25居中,从而省去了使用中空齿轮24,25的轴承31,32的必要。

Claims (7)

1. 一种用于驱动挤压机的传动装置,该挤压机带有多个轴向平行的轴,这些轴沿同一方向旋转,彼此之间以相等的角度围绕一圆布置,并且以抗扭矩的方式与传送元件相连,从而使相邻的轴彼此啮合,其中该传动装置的从动轴以抗扭矩的方式与所述轴同轴地相连,每个从动轴具有一小齿轮,这些被驱动的小齿轮与设置在一中央传动轴上的带有外齿的驱动轮啮合,并且还与一带有内齿的外围中空齿轮啮合,轴向偏置的小齿轮(19,20)被布置成靠近从动轴(11),中央传动轴的驱动轮和中空齿轮以类似的偏置方式布置,其特征在于,中空齿轮(24,25)具有外齿(51),其与位于外部传动轴(15至18)上的驱动轮(26至29)啮合,以使得以相同的扭矩驱动每个中空齿轮(24,25),其中每个被驱动的小齿轮(19,20)所获得的扭矩的一半由中央传动轴(21,22)产生,另一半由中空齿轮(24,25)产生。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的传动装置,其特征在于,由于相邻从动轴(11)的被驱动小齿轮(19,20)的轴向偏置,外部传动轴(15至18)具有不同的长度,并且较短的外部传动轴(16,18)具有比较长的外部传动轴(15,17)小的直径。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的传动装置,其特征在于,至少两个彼此之间以相等的角度布置的外部驱动轮(26至29)与中空齿轮(24,25)的外齿啮合。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的传动装置,其特征在于,为驱动中央传动轴(14)和外部传动轴(15至18),设置一带有内齿(45)和外齿(44)的同轴浮动衬套(40),其中所述内齿(45)与内部传动轴(14)上的外齿啮合,所述外齿(44)与中空齿轮(47)的内齿啮合,该中空齿轮的外齿通过一轴向偏置的换向轮(48)与位于外部传动轴(15至18)上的齿轮(49,50)啮合。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的传动装置,其特征在于,所述外齿(44)和内齿(45)由彼此相对的斜锥齿构成。
6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的传动装置,其特征在于,借助直齿(41)驱动所述衬套(40)。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的传动装置,其特征在于,挤压机的工作部分(1)带有多个轴向平行的轴(3),从动轴从传动装置伸出,这些从动轴以抗扭矩方式分别与所述工作部分(1)的轴(3)同轴地连接。
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