CN100416183C - 热泵的射流二极管膨胀机构 - Google Patents
热泵的射流二极管膨胀机构 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100416183C CN100416183C CNB200580005466XA CN200580005466A CN100416183C CN 100416183 C CN100416183 C CN 100416183C CN B200580005466X A CNB200580005466X A CN B200580005466XA CN 200580005466 A CN200580005466 A CN 200580005466A CN 100416183 C CN100416183 C CN 100416183C
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/38—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof specially adapted for reversible cycles, e.g. bidirectional expansion restrictors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/05—Cost reduction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/21—Reduction of parts
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- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
一种热泵的膨胀机构,包括流阻机构,流过机构的流动方向不同对制冷剂流体产生不同的阻力。流阻机构没有移动部件,所以可避免现有技术的移动活塞所具有的损坏、磨损和污染等问题。流阻机构是固定阻挡物,通过膨胀机构的流体必须在其周围流过。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热泵的膨胀机构。
背景技术
热泵使用压缩机,室内热交换器,室外热交换器,膨胀机构和4通换向阀,以便在冷却模式和加热模式之间转换操作。热泵使用膨胀机构,制冷剂流体通过膨胀机构从高压高温膨胀为低压低温。膨胀机构要求有不同尺寸的限制部件,以便根据热泵处于冷却操作模式还是处于加热操作模式进行适当的系统操作。很明显,当系统在冷却或加热模式下操作时,制冷剂流体流过膨胀机构的方向是相反的。
现有技术的热泵系统设有单个膨胀机构,使用可移动的活塞,当沿第一方向移动时的流阻比沿相反的第二方向移动时的流阻高许多。第一方向对应于加热模式,第二方向对应于冷却模式。活塞很容易磨损,由于形成的不希望出现的大误差和污染,负面影响了系统的操作和可靠性。此外,现代的热泵系统可结合不同的制冷剂,如R410A和POE油。与过去使用更普通的R 22和R134A制冷剂的系统相比,使用R 410A制冷剂的系统在高得多的压差下工作。这样负面影响了膨胀机构的磨损和润滑,并导致在不稳定的操作状态下出现更高载荷。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供一种可靠和便宜的热泵系统的膨胀机构,其不容易出现磨损和可靠性问题。
本发明提供一种热泵,包括制冷剂系统,包括:流动的流体和与第一和第二热交换器连通的压缩机;和膨胀机构,其通过第一流体通道与所述第一热交换器连通,并且通过第二流体通道与所述第二热交换器连通,所述膨胀机构包括流阻机构,流阻机构设置在所述第一和第二流体通道之间,并形成固定关系,所述流阻机构对沿第一方向流动的所述流动的流体提供第一流动阻力,并对沿第二相反方向流动的所述流体提供第二流动阻力,所述第二流动阻力大于所述第一流动阻力,所述流阻机构限定有非圆形截面的流动区,所述流动区被限定在内固定部和外固定部之间。
本发明的热泵膨胀系统包括流阻机构,根据流过该机构的流体流动方向对流体产生不同的阻力。流阻机构相对第一和第二流动通道固定或刚性安装,所以可避免现有技术的移动活塞所具有的磨损问题。在本发明的数个实施例中的流阻机构是固定阻挡物,通过膨胀机构的流体必须在其周围流过。流阻机构的特征是,一个侧面当制冷剂沿一个方向流动时具有低阻力系数,当制冷剂沿相反方向流动时具有高阻力系数。
因此,本发明提供了一种可靠和便宜的膨胀机构,不容易磨损和可靠性下降。
可通过下面的说明和附图更好地了解本发明的这些和其他特征,其后是简单介绍。
附图说明
图1是具有本发明的膨胀机构的热泵的示意图;
图2是本发明的膨胀机构的第一示例的截面图;
图3是本发明的膨胀机构的第二示例的截面图;
图4是本发明的膨胀机构的第三示例的截面图;
图5是本发明的膨胀机构的第四示例的截面图。
具体实施方式
使用了本发明的膨胀机构的热泵10能够在冷却模式和加热模式下工作,如图1示意性所示。热泵10包括压缩机12。压缩机12通过排出端口14输送制冷剂,其通过吸入端口16返回到压缩机。
制冷剂移动通过4通阀18,其可在加热位置和冷却位置之间转换,根据所要求的操作模式,以希望的方式引导制冷剂流体(如图1的与阀18相关的箭头所示),如现有技术已公知的。当阀门18处于冷却位置,制冷剂从排放端口14流出阀门18到达室外热交换器20,在交换器压缩制冷剂的热量传递到第二流体,如空气。从室外热交换器20流出的制冷剂流到本发明膨胀机构22的第一流体通道26。当沿前进方向流动时,制冷剂从第一流体通道流动到第二流体通道28时进行膨胀,从而降低了压力和温度。膨胀的制冷剂流到室内热交换器24,接收来自另一第二流体的热量,并向室内提供冷却的空气。制冷剂从室内热交换器24通过阀门18返回吸气端口16。
当阀门18处于加热位置,制冷剂从排放端口14流过阀门18到达室内热交换器24,在该热交换器将传输热量到室内。制冷剂从室内热交换器24流过第二流体通道28到达膨胀机构22。当制冷剂沿反向从第二流体通道28流过膨胀机构22到达第一流体通道26时,制冷剂沿此方向受到比前进方向更多限制。制冷剂从第一流体通道26流过室外热交换器20和4通阀18,通过阀门18返回到吸入端口16。
本发明的膨胀机构的多个示例在图2到6中显示。本发明的膨胀机构22包括流阻机构30,设置在第一流体通道26和第二流体通道28之间。不同于现有技术的可移动活塞,流阻机构30相对流体通道26,28固定,使得没有部件损坏,磨损或污染。流阻机构30示意性显示出受到销的支撑。当制冷剂沿前进或冷却方向流动时,流阻机构30的流动阻力比制冷剂沿后退或加热方向流动时要低,可用作射流二极管。这种可变流阻可通过在流阻机构30的两侧设置不同的特征件来实现,一个方向增加流阻,沿另一方向提供较低流阻。
参考图2,流阻机构30包括面对第二流体通道28的鱼钩端32。当制冷剂沿前进或冷却方向流动时,制冷剂围绕流阻机构30的平滑表面流动,所以设置在通道26和28之间的流阻机构30形成相对小的阻力。但是,当制冷剂沿相反方向或加热方向流动时,制冷剂流入鱼钩端32,形成对流动流体非常高的阻力系数或阻力。
本发明的另一示例在图3显示,其使用了倾斜的流体通道34作为流阻机构30。倾斜的流体通道34设置成,沿冷却方向流动的制冷剂通常旁路于倾斜的流体通道34,直接流过第二流体通道28。但是,当制冷剂沿加热方向流动时,制冷剂更容易流入倾斜的流体通道34,由于其相对第二流体通道28的位向。流体从第二流体通道28流入倾斜的流体通道34的入口很容易保持,因为第二流体通道28的壁和倾斜的流体通道34开口处的壁之间的角度很小。制冷剂离开倾斜的流体通道34,直接返回从第二流体通道28流向第一流体通道26的制冷剂流体,形成湍流,产生与沿冷却方向流动的制冷剂相比更高的流阻。
参考图4和图5,流阻机构30设置在流体通道26和28之间,类似于图2所示的方式。如图4所示,流阻机构30是个开放半球38,图5所示的流阻机构30是C形通道40,设置在流体通道26和28之间。当制冷剂沿冷却方向流动时,流阻机构30的平滑圆形表面具有较低的阻力系数。但是,当制冷剂沿加热方向流入流阻机构30的凹状区时,具有较高的阻力系数,增加了沿加热方向的流动阻力。
应当理解,流阻可使用各种术语来表示。例如,流阻可表示为阻力系数。流阻还可表示为湍流或层流的相对程度。在任何情况下,制冷剂流体方向造成的流阻变化可通过使用固定的流阻机构来实现。
虽然本发明的优选实施例已经得到公开,所属领域的技术人员应认识到某些改进仍属于本发明的范围。为此,应通过研究所附权利要求来确定本发明的真实范围和内容。
Claims (7)
1. 一种热泵,包括制冷剂系统,包括:
流动的流体和与第一和第二热交换器连通的压缩机;和
膨胀机构,其通过第一流体通道与所述第一热交换器连通,并且通过第二流体通道与所述第二热交换器连通,所述膨胀机构包括流阻机构,流阻机构设置在所述第一和第二流体通道之间,并形成固定关系,所述流阻机构对沿第一方向流动的所述流动的流体提供第一流动阻力,并对沿第二相反方向流动的所述流体提供第二流动阻力,所述第二流动阻力大于所述第一流动阻力,所述流阻机构限定有非圆形截面的流动区,所述流动区被限定在内固定部和外固定部之间。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述热泵还包括4通换向阀,在加热和冷却位置之间移动,分别提供沿所述第一和第二方向流动的流体。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述流阻机构包括具有不同几何形状的入口侧和出口侧的本体。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述出口侧包括鱼钩状表面。
5. 根据权利要求3所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述出口侧是开放半球面。
6. 根据权利要求3所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述流阻机构是C形通道,所述出口侧由开放面形成。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的热泵,其特征在于,所述流阻机构是旁路的倾斜流体通道。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/784,409 US7043937B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2004-02-23 | Fluid diode expansion device for heat pumps |
US10/784,409 | 2004-02-23 |
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CN1922450A CN1922450A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
CN100416183C true CN100416183C (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
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US (2) | US7043937B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1718908A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007523315A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100416183C (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1103435A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005083336A1 (zh) |
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US5966960A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 1999-10-19 | General Motors Corporation | Bi-directional refrigerant expansion valve |
JP3517369B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-18 | 2004-04-12 | 株式会社テージーケー | 過冷却度制御式膨張弁 |
DE19909202C1 (de) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-03-02 | Honeywell Ag | Expansionsventil |
JP2001004252A (ja) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-01-12 | Tgk Co Ltd | 過冷却度制御式膨張弁 |
-
2004
- 2004-02-23 US US10/784,409 patent/US7043937B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-07 CN CNB200580005466XA patent/CN100416183C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-07 WO PCT/US2005/003731 patent/WO2005083336A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-07 EP EP05712971A patent/EP1718908A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-07 JP JP2006554117A patent/JP2007523315A/ja active Pending
- 2005-10-18 US US11/252,816 patent/US7114348B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-07-16 HK HK07107604.6A patent/HK1103435A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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US5004008A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-04-02 | Carrier Corporation | Variable area refrigerant expansion device |
US5085058A (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-02-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Bi-flow expansion device |
US5345780A (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1994-09-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Bi-flow expansion device |
US5715862A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-02-10 | Carrier Corporation | Bidirectional flow control device |
JPH10220923A (ja) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-21 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
US6199399B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-03-13 | American Standard Inc. | Bi-directional refrigerant expansion and metering valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7114348B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
HK1103435A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
US20060048537A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
US20050183439A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1718908A4 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
CN1922450A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
WO2005083336A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
EP1718908A1 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
JP2007523315A (ja) | 2007-08-16 |
US7043937B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
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