CN100410300C - 磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃料电池用磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜及其制备方法,该方法是将磺化聚芳醚砜酮溶解在有机溶剂中,然后加入丙烯酸、引发剂及交联剂形成铸膜溶液。用溶液浇铸法涂膜后,加热使丙烯酸原位聚合交联,形成具有互穿聚合物网络结构的质子交换膜。该复合膜利用交联聚丙烯酸组分中所含的羧基,宽范围调节膜的吸水性(含水率为SPPESK膜的0.9-3.3倍,为Nafion 117膜的2.6倍),提高膜的电性能(电导率可达SPPESK膜的3.9倍,为Nafion 112膜的1.2倍);利用互穿聚合物网络结构,提高膜在水溶胀状态的尺寸稳定性。该膜用于燃料电池时,能有效提高膜的电性能和使用寿命,从而促进燃料电池的商品化和市场化,扩展燃料电池的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于燃料电池的具有互穿聚合物网络结构的复合质子交换膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种高效、清洁的化学电源,质子交换膜是决定燃料电池性能的关键技术之一。DuPont公司生产的Nafion系列全氟磺酸质子交换膜,具有较高的质子传导率和化学稳定性,在燃料电池中得到广泛应用。但其较低的吸水能力(34%),昂贵的价格(800$/m2),限制了燃料电池的性能提高和商品化。目前,采用磺化的芳香族碳氢化合物制备质子交换膜成为研究热点之一。但是磺酸型质子交换膜在使用时存在一些缺点,主要表现在膜的水溶胀性与电性能之间的关系难以协调。如S.M.J.Zaidi等在J.Membr.Sci 173(2000)17-34文章中介绍的磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜,不溶于水时,电导率较低;而达到较高的电导率时,膜会溶胀过度甚至溶解,造成机械强度下降,使用温度有限。
为了进一步提高磺酸型质子交换膜的性能,一些研究者采用交联的方法改性。M.Metayer等在Reactive & Functional Polymers 33(1997)311-321上发表文章借助化学交联来限制膜的过度溶胀,不足之处在于交联会造成质子传导阻力增加,使膜的电性能比未交联膜下降;另外,把聚合物进行交联,会造成交联膜中的交联点分布不均匀。
已提出的另一种解决方法,是在磺酸型质子交换膜中掺杂小分子杂多酸,如Y.S.Kim在J.Membr.Sci.,212(2003)263-282文章中掺杂杂多酸提高膜的电导率,并利用杂多酸携带的结晶水,使膜在低水含量的状态下操作,以减小膜的溶胀。但杂多酸在电池操作时会随水流失,造成电池电性能下降,影响电池的使用寿命。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于燃料电池、具有较高吸水性、电性能和较好尺寸稳定性的磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案是这样来实现的:
磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜是由磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮和交联聚丙烯酸形成的互穿聚合物网络,其化学结构通式为:
简称SPPESK
简称PAA
上述通式中:n=100-200,m=0.5-1.5,x=1-3,y=1,n1=0-5000,膜的厚度为10~300μm;SPPESK占15-60%(wt),PAA占40-85%(wt)。
磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的制备方法,首先将磺化度为0.5-1.5的磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮溶解在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中,然后按照磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮与丙烯酸的重量比为0.2-1.0∶1,加入由丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂组成的混合溶剂,搅拌均匀制成含磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮5.0-25%(wt)的铸膜液,在常温、常压下,浇铸到水平玻璃板上涂膜,再把玻璃板放入密闭的烘箱内,在常压、40-90℃加热24小时,进行丙烯酸的原位自由基聚合交联反应和有机溶剂的挥发,最后用刮刀小心刮下该膜,并在120℃真空干燥至恒重,制得具有互穿聚合物网络结构的磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜,其厚度为10~300μm。
所述的磺化聚芳醚砜酮是指磺化二氮杂萘聚醚砜酮,磺化度为0.5-1.5。
所述的混和溶剂是指在由N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)与丙烯酸组成的混合溶剂,其中丙烯酸所占的体积为10-90%,其目的在于增加磺化聚芳醚砜酮的溶解性。
所述的丙烯酸聚合的引发剂为有机过氧类引发剂,如过氧化苯甲酰(BPO),加入量约占丙烯酸重量的1-10%(wt)。
所述的丙烯酸的交联剂是指N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA),加入量约占丙烯酸重量的1-30%(wt)。
所述的丙烯酸原位聚合交联是指丙烯酸以及交联剂在质子交换膜形成的过程中,通过自由基聚合反应,形成无规的交联聚丙烯酸网状,反应温度为40-90℃。
所述的互穿聚合物网络结构是指以交联聚丙烯酸为基质,磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮为互穿物,物理交联(氢键)的磺化聚芳醚砜酮分子链与化学交联的交联聚丙烯酸分子链互相缠结在一起,并且两个交联网络之间由于氢键也形成相互交联的结构。
所述的磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的制备是指丙烯酸原位聚合后仍然保持相同的温度,直到溶剂挥发成膜,制得的质子交换膜厚度为10-300μm。
通过控制复合膜中丙烯酸以及交联剂的重量分率,可以得到不同吸水性和电导率的复合质子交换膜。
本发明中磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的制备方法,反应条件温和、操作简便、适用范围广泛。制备的复合质子交换膜可以宽范围的控制吸水性,电导率高,完全可以满足燃料电池中质子交换膜材料的使用要求。
附图说明
图1为磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的红外谱图,
纵坐标是透光率(%),横坐标是波数(cm-1)
曲线1是复合膜的谱图,曲线2是复合膜用NMP萃取后所得凝胶的谱图。
图2为磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的含水率与丙烯酸交联剂用量的关系,
纵坐标是含水率(wt.%),横坐标是交联剂与丙烯酸的重量比;
图3为磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的含水率与丙烯酸用量的关系,纵坐标是含水率(wt.%),横坐标是SPPESK与丙烯酸的重量比;
图4为磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的电导率影响因素关系,纵坐标是电导率(Scm-1),横坐标是SPPESK与丙烯酸的重量比,
将本发明制备的磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸(SPPESK/PAA)复合质子交换膜用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(Electron Corporation)进行分析,其谱图见附图1所示。曲线1显示出如下基团的特征峰:羟基(O-H伸缩振动3330.52cm-1),砜基(S=O的对称伸缩振动1313.58cm-1,S=O的不对称伸缩振动1164.43cm-1),羰基(C=O伸缩振动1662.24cm-1,C-CO-C伸缩振动1243.74cm-1),但是羧基和酰胺基的特征峰被覆盖。用NMP萃取复合膜,除去磺化聚芳醚砜酮组分得到凝胶,其谱图如曲线2所示,明显示出交联聚丙烯酸的特征峰,即羧基(O-H伸缩振动3315.09cm-1,C=O伸缩振动1658.49cm-1),酰胺基(C=O伸缩振动1647.67cm-1,N-H面内变形振动1523.77cm-1),表明复合膜中互穿聚合物网络结构的存在。
对本发明所得的磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜在90℃下进行水溶胀测试,结果如图2,图3所示。从图中可以看出,调节丙烯酸及交联剂的用量,可以控制SPPESK/PAA复合膜的吸水能力。选择合适配比时,复合膜的含水率可以达到SPPESK膜的2.9倍,Nafion 117膜的2.6倍(相同测试条件的含水率:SPPESK膜为30.9%,Nafion117膜为34.0%)。
电导率测试采用交流阻抗分析仪(Potentionstat/Galvanoatat Model 283),测试条件为:频率范围10-1M Hz,电压振幅:5mV,温度:35℃,相对湿度:60%,分别对SPPESK/PAA复合膜、SPPESK膜和Nafion 112膜进行测试,结果如图4所示,在相同测试条件下SPPESK/PAA复合膜的电导率达到SPPESK膜的3.9倍,Nafion 112膜的1.2倍(相同测试条件的电导率:SPPESK膜为4.799E-3,Nafion 112膜为1.635E-2),证明SPPESK/PAA复合膜具有优良的电性能,完全可以满足燃料电池的电性能要求。
本发明的SPPESK/PAA复合膜中,磺化聚芳醚砜酮组分使复合膜具有优良的热、化学稳定性和机械性能;交联聚丙烯酸组分含有大量羧基,可以宽范围调节复合膜的吸水性,提高复合膜的电性能;复合膜制备时形成的互穿聚合物网络结构,可以提高质子交换膜在水溶胀状态下的尺寸稳定性。该膜应用于燃料电池时,能有效提高质子交换膜的含水率和电性能,延长质子交换膜的使用寿命,从而促进燃料电池的商品化和市场化,进一步扩展燃料电池的应用范围
具体实施方式
实施例1
先将0.4g磺化度为0.71的SPPESK溶解在1.6ml NMP溶剂中,然后加入0.8ml丙烯酸、分别占丙烯酸重量5%及10%的BPO和MBA,搅拌均匀制成铸膜液。在常温、常压及50%相对湿度下,浇铸到7.5×2.5cm的水平玻璃板上。将玻璃板放入密闭烘箱内,常压、40℃条件下聚合交联、并干燥24h,然后用刮刀小心的刮下该膜,在120℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到具有互穿聚合物网络结构的SPPESK/PAA复合质子交换膜。丙烯酸的转化率可达71.2%,所得膜厚约为100μm。该膜在30℃下的吸水率为25.8%,吸水后膜的尺寸未发生变化,电导率为5.552E-3,与SPPESK膜相比,吸水率降低5.8%,但电导率提高15.6%,说明这种配比时,SPPESK/PAA复合膜中较高交联度的PAA限制了膜的溶胀,同时由于质子交换基团-羧基的引入,使SPPESK/PAA复合膜的电性能得到了提高。
实施例2
先将0.4g磺化度为0.71的SPPESK溶解在1.6ml NMP溶剂中,然后加入0.8ml丙烯酸、分别占丙烯酸重量5%及2%的BPO和MBA,搅拌均匀制成铸膜液。在常温、常压及50%相对湿度下,浇铸到7.5×2.5cm的水平玻璃板上。将玻璃板放入密闭烘箱内,常压、90℃条件下聚合交联、并干燥24h,然后用刮刀小心的刮下该膜,在120℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到具有互穿聚合物网络结构的SPPESK/PAA复合质子交换膜。丙烯酸的转化率可达95.3%,所得膜厚约为100μm。该膜在90℃下的吸水率为59.4%,吸水后尺寸未发生变化,电导率为1.198E-2,与SPPESK膜相比,吸水率增加83.9%,电导率提高149.6%,说明SPPESK/PAA复合膜中PAA交联度较低时,羧基的亲水性会促进膜的溶胀,羧基的质子传导性使SPPESK/PAA复合膜的电性能得到了较大的提高。
实施例3
先将0.4g磺化度为0.71的SPPESK溶解在0.8ml NMP溶剂中,然后加入1.6ml丙烯酸、分别占丙烯酸重量5%及2%的BPO和MBA,搅拌均匀制成铸膜液。在常温、常压及50%相对湿度下,浇铸到7.5×2.5cm的水平玻璃板上。将玻璃板放入密闭烘箱内,常压、60℃条件下聚合交联、并干燥24h,然后用刮刀小心的刮下该膜,在120℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到具有互穿聚合物网络结构的SPPESK/PAA复合质子交换膜。丙烯酸的转化率为91.5%,所得膜厚约为100μm。该膜在30℃下的吸水率为60.5%,吸水后尺寸未发生变化,电导率为1.882E-2,达到Nafion 112膜的1.2倍(相同测试条件下Nafion112膜的电导率为1.635E-2),说明复合膜具有优良的电性能。
实施例4
先将0.4g磺化度为0.86的SPPESK溶解在1.6ml NMP溶剂中,然后加入0.8ml丙烯酸、占丙烯酸重量5%的BPO,搅拌均匀制成铸膜液。在常温、常压及50%相对湿度下,浇铸到7.5×2.5cm的水平玻璃板上。将玻璃板放入密闭烘箱内,常压、60℃条件下聚合、并干燥24h,然后用刮刀小心的刮下该膜,在120℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到具有互穿聚合物网络结构的SPPESK/PAA复合质子交换膜,所得膜厚约为100μm。该膜在90℃下的吸水率为97.3%,吸水后尺寸变化率为17.6%(面积%),而Nafion 117膜水含率为34%时,尺寸变化率为24.5%。因此复合膜由于互穿聚合物网络结构的形成,提高了质子交换膜在水溶胀状态下的尺寸稳定性。
Claims (4)
2. 按照权利要求1所述磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜,其特征在于具有以交联聚丙烯酸为基质,磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮为互穿物的互穿聚合物网络结构。
3. 按照权利要求1所述磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于首先将磺化度为0.5-1.5的磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮溶解在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中,然后,按照磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮与丙烯酸的重量比为0.2-1.0∶1,加入由丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂组成的混合溶剂,搅拌均匀制成含磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮5.0-25%(wt)的铸膜液,在常温、常压下,浇铸到水平玻璃板上涂膜,再把玻璃板放入密闭的烘箱内,在常压、40-90℃加热24小时,最后用刮刀小心刮下该膜,并在120℃真空干燥至恒重,制得具有互穿聚合物网络结构的磺化二氮杂萘聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜,其厚度为10~300μm。
4. 按照权利要求3所述磺化聚芳醚砜酮/聚丙烯酸复合质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于由N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸组成的体积之和中,丙烯酸占的体积为10-90%,过氧化苯甲酰引发剂的加入量占丙烯酸的5%(wt),N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂的加入量占丙烯酸的10%(wt)。
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