CN100396909C - 用于喷射压力流体的喷射器 - Google Patents

用于喷射压力流体的喷射器 Download PDF

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CN100396909C
CN100396909C CNB2005100702471A CN200510070247A CN100396909C CN 100396909 C CN100396909 C CN 100396909C CN B2005100702471 A CNB2005100702471 A CN B2005100702471A CN 200510070247 A CN200510070247 A CN 200510070247A CN 100396909 C CN100396909 C CN 100396909C
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spray
hole
valve seat
nozzle body
fluid
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CN1699740A (zh
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多田亮一
原田明典
吉丸清考
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Denso Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/182Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0675Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages
    • F02M51/0678Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1826Discharge orifices having different sizes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/184Discharge orifices having non circular sections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1846Dimensional characteristics of discharge orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting

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Abstract

一种喷射器(10),其将压力流体如燃料供给至废气清洁设备中的催化剂或者供给至内燃机。该喷射器包括具有阀座(32)的喷嘴本体(30)和具有密封部分(53)的针(50),其中,该密封部分(53)将被置于该阀座上或从该阀座上提起。包括第一喷射孔(41)和第二喷射孔(42)的两个或多个喷射孔(41、42)穿过喷嘴本体(30)的壁形成。横截面较大的第一喷射孔(41)与横截面较小的第二喷射孔(42)相比更靠近阀座(32)。根据针(50)相对喷嘴本体(30)的移动,供给到喷射器(10)的压力流体间歇地通过喷射孔(41、42)喷射。从多个喷射孔(41、42)喷射出的流体被同等良好地雾化。

Description

用于喷射压力流体的喷射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于间歇地喷射压力流体如燃料的喷射器。
背景技术
在JP-A-9-126095中披露了用于间歇地喷射压力流体的喷射器的一个示例。在该喷射器中,沿着喷嘴本体的轴向形成两个对齐的喷射孔,且通过轴向驱动针打开或关闭喷射孔。其中一个喷射孔形成在阀座的下游,另一个喷射孔形成在更下游侧。带有两个喷射孔的传统喷射器存在下述问题。喷嘴本体内的燃料压力随着其位置距阀座越近而越高。从距阀座较近的喷射孔喷射出的燃料的压力较高,并且喷射出的燃料被很好地雾化成细小颗粒。另一方面,从距阀座较远的喷射孔喷射出的燃料的压力较低,因此喷射出的燃料很难被雾化成细小颗粒。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述问题而提出,且本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的带有多个喷射孔的流体喷射器,其中,从喷射器喷射出的流体被很好地雾化成细小颗粒。
流体喷射器包括杯形的喷嘴本体和针,其中,所述喷嘴本体带有用作阀座的内表面,所述针带有包含密封部分的外表面。穿过喷嘴本体的壁形成包括第一喷射孔和第二喷射孔的至少两个喷射孔。第一喷射孔比第二喷射孔距离阀座更近,即第二喷射孔相对于喷射器的流体流位于第一喷射孔的下游。第一喷射孔的横截面大于第二喷射孔的横截面。
有利的是,该流体通道的中心线不与该喷射孔中的任何一个的流体通道对齐,因此压力流体流不直接碰撞该流体通道。
有利的是,该第一喷射孔和该第二喷射孔均被成形为薄的狭缝,该第一喷射孔的宽度大于该第二喷射孔的宽度,该宽度沿着垂直于该杯形的喷嘴本体的轴向的方向测量。
有利的是,该流体通道的中心线与该第一喷射孔和该第二喷射孔之间的球面相交。
压力流体如燃料被供给到喷射器中。在针的密封部分置于喷嘴本体的阀座上时,喷射孔关闭,且没有喷射压力流体。在将针的密封部分从喷嘴本体的阀座向上提起时,喷射孔打开,并从喷射孔喷射压力流体。第一喷射孔周围的压力流体的压力较高,这是因为第一喷射孔距阀座较近。因此,尽管第一喷射孔的横截面相对较大,但是来自第一喷射孔喷射的流体可被充分地雾化成细小颗粒。
另一方面,第二喷射孔周围的压力流体的压力较低,这是因为其远离阀座设置。然而,通过压缩穿过横截面较小的第二喷射孔的流体通道来增大该流体的压力。因此,从第二喷射孔喷射出的流体被很好地雾化成小颗粒。因而,从两个喷射孔喷射出的流体被同等很好地雾化。
为了使得第一喷射孔的横截面大于第二喷射孔的横截面,沿着垂直于杯形的喷嘴本体轴向的方向测量的第一喷射孔的宽度大于第二喷射孔的宽度。除了使得第一喷射孔的宽度较大以外,第一喷射孔的高度也可大于第二喷射孔的高度。喷嘴本体的内表面和针的外表面之间的压力流没有被导向直接碰撞喷射孔。以这种方式,从喷射孔喷射出的流体保持稳定,避免了压力流中的偏离的影响。
通过对下面参考附图描述的优选实施例的更好理解,本发明的其他目的和特征将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1是示出作为本发明的第一优选实施例形成有喷射孔的喷射器的尖端部分的横截面视图;
图2是示出喷射器的整个结构的横截面视图;
图3是示出从图1的方向III所看到的图1中所示喷射器的尖端部分的侧视图;
图4是示出本发明的第二实施例的喷射器的尖端部分的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考图1-3描述本发明的第一实施例。首先,将参考图2描述喷射器10的整体结构。这里示出的喷射器10用作将燃料供给至用于清洁从内燃机排放的废气的设备中的还原催化剂的喷射器。用于清洁含有还原催化剂的废气的设备被安装在机动车辆的废气通道内,且燃料作为还原剂被供给到还原催化剂。除了燃料之外的其他材料可用作供给到还原催化剂的还原剂。
尽管在该实施例中喷射器用作将燃料供给至还原催化剂的喷射器,但是,本发明的喷射器也可用作将压力燃料直接喷射到内燃机燃烧室内的燃料喷射器,或者可用作将燃料供给到内燃机内的预混合空气和燃料的腔室内的燃料喷射器。
如图2所示,喷射器10包括圆柱形壳体11,该圆柱形壳体11由第一磁性部分12、第二磁性部分14和置于该两个磁性部分之间的非磁性部分13组成。非磁性部分13用作将第一磁性部分12与第二磁性部分14磁绝缘的部件。用激光焊等将形成壳体11的三部分连接成一整体。可替换地,可以通过热处理成形为圆柱形的一部分磁性材料来制造非磁性部分13。
在壳体11的顶端,具有入口16的入口部件15被压配合到壳体11的内孔中。用于除去燃料所含杂质的过滤器17被置于入口部件15的内部。通过入口16和过滤器17将燃料供给到壳体11内。一圆柱形喷嘴固定器(支座)20连接到壳体11的底端。通过压配合、焊接等将杯形的喷嘴本体30连接到喷嘴固定器30的底端。
在图1中以放大比例示出了喷嘴本体30的尖端部分。喷嘴本体30带有朝向尖端收缩的锥形内表面31。该锥形内表面31用作阀座32,针(needle)50的锥形外表面51安置在该阀座32上。带有圆柱形表面331和球面332的袋部分33与锥形表面31相连。第一喷射孔41的一端朝向袋部分33敞开,另一端朝向喷嘴本体30的外表面敞开。类似地,第二喷射孔42的一端朝向袋部分33敞开,另一端朝向阀体30的外表面敞开。
如图2所示,针50置于壳体11、喷嘴固定器20和喷嘴本体30内。针50被可滑动地支撑在其内,从而其可沿轴向移动。如图1所示,针50具有朝向尖端会聚的外表面。该外表面包括两个锥形表面51和52,密封部分53形成在两个锥形表面51和52之间。在针被朝下驱动时,密封部分53安置于喷嘴本体30的阀座32上。流体通道21形成在针50的外表面(由锥形表面51、52组成)和喷嘴本体的内表面(具有阀座32的锥形表面31)之间。
如图2所示,喷射器10包括用于驱动针50的驱动部分60。驱动部分60由线轴61、线圈62、固定铁心63、可动铁心64和磁性部件65组成。线轴61由树脂材料制成,并成形为圆柱形。线轴61置于圆柱形壳体11的周围,线圈62卷绕在线轴61周围。线圈与支撑在连接器22内的端子23电连接。由磁性材料制成的固定铁心63成形为圆柱形,并通过压配合等与壳体11的内孔相连。
由磁性材料如钢制成的可动铁心被可滑动地支撑在壳体11的内孔中。针50的上端与可动铁心64相连,从而针50与可动铁心64一起被沿轴向驱动。弹簧66置于固定铁心63的内孔中,并被压缩在调节管67和可动铁心64之间,从而将与可动铁心64相连的针50向下偏置。利用弹簧66的偏置力可将针50的密封部分53置于阀座32上。可以调节与固定铁心63的内孔相连的调节管67的位置,从而调节弹簧66的偏置力。磁性部件65由磁性材料如钢制成,并覆盖线圈62的外围。
在线圈62没有被通电时,利用弹簧66的偏置力将针50置于阀体30的阀座32上,并因此将喷射孔41、42关闭。在线圈62被通电时,可动铁心64抵抗弹簧66的偏置力被吸引到固定铁心63上,并将针50从阀座32向上提起,从而打开喷射孔41、42。
现在,参考图1和3,将详细描述形成在喷嘴本体33内的喷射孔41、42。第一喷射孔41和第二喷射孔42穿过喷嘴本体30的壁形成。喷射孔41、42的一端向着袋部分33的内表面30a敞开,其另一端向着喷嘴本体30的外表面敞开。与第二喷射孔42相比,第一喷射孔41距离阀座32更近。换句话说,第二喷射孔42相对阀座32形成在第一喷射孔41的下游。流体通道21形成在喷嘴本体30的内表面和针50的外表面之间。
图3示出了从图1的方向III所看到的喷嘴本体30的尖端部分的侧视图。第一喷射孔41和第二喷射孔42均是扁平的,且沿着喷嘴本体30的轴向相互对齐地布置。沿着垂直于杯形的喷嘴本体30的轴向的方向测量的第一喷射孔41的宽度W1远大于其沿轴向的高度H1。类似地,第二喷射孔42的宽度W2远大于其高度H2。第一喷射孔41的横截面面积(即W1×H1)大于第二喷射孔42的横截面面积(即W2×H2)。高度H1基本等于高度H2。
由于第一喷射孔41比第二喷射孔42更靠近流体通道21,因此通过第一喷射孔41的流体压力高于通过第二喷射孔42的流体压力。因此,从第一喷射孔41喷射出大量的高压流体,该高压流体被雾化成细小颗粒。另一方面,通过压缩/挤压横截面面积来增大从第二喷射孔42喷射出的流体压力,尽管该流体压力开始时低于从第一喷射孔41喷射出的流体压力。因此,从第二喷射孔42喷射出的流体也很好地雾化成细小颗粒。因此,从两个喷射孔41、42喷射出的流体同样很好地雾化成细小颗粒。
因为喷嘴本体30的尖端如图1和3所示会聚,所以难以使得第二喷射孔42的宽度W2更大。另外,为了避免从两个喷射孔41、42喷射出的两股流体流发生干涉,需要使两个喷射孔41、42之间保持一定的距离。这就使得加大宽度W2变得更困难。另一方面,能够确保用于第一喷射孔41的足够大的宽度W1,这是因为其位于喷嘴本体30的根部。因而,在从第二喷射孔42喷射出补充量的流体的同时,能够从第一喷射孔41喷射出足够量的流体。两个流体喷射孔41、42均形成为具有非常薄的横截面区域。因此,从两个喷射孔41、42喷射出的雾化的流体流形成薄的流体膜。这在将流体雾化成细小颗粒方面是有利的。
通过流体通道21将压力流体供给到袋部分33。沿着喷嘴本体30的锥形内表面和针50的锥形外表面51之间的中心线Le形成流体的主流(参见图1)。第一喷射孔41和第二喷射孔42内的流体通道的方向L1和L2不与中心线Le对齐。因此,通过流体通道21供给的流体的主流不会直接碰撞喷射孔41、42的开口,相反,其碰撞到两个开口之间的袋部分33的内表面30a上。
现在将简要描述喷射器10的操作。在线圈62(参见图2)未被通电时,利用弹簧66的偏置力将针50的密封部分53置于喷嘴本体30的阀座32上。因而,喷射孔41、42关闭。在线圈62被通电时,与针50相连的可动铁心64抵抗弹簧66的偏置力被吸引到固定铁心63上。密封部分53被从阀座32上提起。因此,喷射孔41、42打开,且流体从喷射孔41、42喷射出来。在线圈62被断电时,提起针50的磁力消失,且密封部分53借助于弹簧66的偏置力被再次放置在阀座32上,从而将喷射孔41、42关闭。因此,中止了喷射孔的流体喷射。
如上所述,从横截面较大的第一喷射孔41喷射距阀座较近的高压流体。因为压力较高,所以喷射的流体被很好地雾化成细小颗粒。通过压缩流体流的横截面面积来增大从距阀座32较远的第二喷射孔42喷出的相对压力较低流体的压力。因此,从第二喷射孔42喷出的流体也被雾化成细小颗粒。以这种方式,从两个喷射孔41、42喷出的流体总体上被很好地雾化。
在喷射器10被用在用于清洁废气的设备中的情况下,供给到喷射器10的流体压力为大约几个MPa(兆帕),其低于供给到用在将燃料喷射到内燃机的燃烧室的系统中的喷射器10的燃料压力。因此,在用于清洁废气的系统中的喷射器10中,靠近阀座32的高压流体被从横截面较大的第一喷射孔41中强制喷射出来。因而,能够从第一喷射孔41喷射出适当雾化的足够量的流体。
流体的雾化还通过喷射孔41、42的平而薄的横截面进一步促进,这是因为喷射的流体形成了薄的喷雾薄膜。通过流体通道21供给的流体的主流没有直接碰撞喷射孔41、42的开口。因此,从喷射孔41、42喷射出的流体不受主流位置改变的影响,所述主流位置的改变可由针50相对阀体30的偏心率而造成。这意味着从喷射孔41、42喷射出的流体可被稳定而充分地雾化,而不受所供给的流体的主流变化的影响。另外,由于供给的主流碰撞喷射孔41、42的两个开口之间的内表面30a,供给流体的动能被转化成用于雾化流体的能量。
现在将参考图4描述本发明的第二实施例,其示出了喷嘴本体30的尖端部分的侧视图。在该实施例中,第一喷射孔71和第二喷射孔72用于代替第一实施例的喷射孔41、42,且相对于第一实施例的第一喷射孔41的横截面尺寸而言,第一喷射孔71的横截面尺寸被加大。其他结构与上述第一实施例的结构相同。
在该第二实施例中,除了第一喷射孔71的宽度W3大于第二喷射孔72的宽度W4之外,第一喷射孔71的高度H3大于第二喷射孔72的高度H4。换句话说,第一喷射孔71的横截面面积远大于第二喷射孔72的横截面面积。尽管从第一喷射孔71喷射出的流体形成流体柱,如果靠近阀座32的流体压力足够高,从第一喷射孔71喷射出的流体将被适当地雾化。在要求喷射大量流体的应用中,第二实施例是有利的。
本发明不限于上述的实施例,而是可以具有各种变化。例如,图1中示出的袋部分33可成形为简单的半球形,而不需要形成圆柱形表面331。可替换地,袋部分33可成形为圆柱形。尽管在前述实施例中形成两个喷射孔,但是也可以形成多于两个的喷射孔。
尽管已经参考前述优选实施例示出并描述了本发明,但是,对本领域的技术人员来说,很明显,在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下,可在形式和细节上对其进行多种改变。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于喷射压力流体的喷射器(10),该喷射器包括:
杯形的喷嘴本体(30),其具有用作阀座(32)的内表面(31);
具有外表面(51)的针(50),该针(50)包含一密封部分(53),一流体通道(21)形成在该喷嘴本体的内表面(31)和该针的外表面(51)之间,该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)穿过该外表面(51)和该内表面(31)之间的中心延伸,该流体通道(21)在该针的密封部分(53)置于该阀体的阀座(32)上时关闭,而在该密封部分从该阀座上提起时打开;以及
至少两个喷射孔(41、42),其穿过该喷嘴本体(30)的壁形成,包括形成于阀座(32)的下游的第一喷射孔(41)和形成于该第一喷射孔的更下游的第二喷射孔(42),该第一喷射孔(41)的横截面大于该第二喷射孔(42)的横截面,其中:
在该针的密封部分(53)从该阀体的阀座(32)上提起时,压力流体通过该喷射孔(41、42)被喷射;以及
该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)不与该喷射孔(41、42)中的任何一个的流体通道(L1、L2)对齐,因此压力流体流不直接碰撞该流体通道(L1、L2)。
2.如权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于:
该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)与该第一喷射孔(41)和该第二喷射孔(42)之间的球面(332)相交。
3.一种用于喷射压力流体的喷射器(10),该喷射器包括:
杯形的喷嘴本体(30),其具有用作阀座(32)的内表面(31);
具有外表面(51)的针(50),该针(50)包含一密封部分(53),一流体通道(21)形成在该喷嘴本体的内表面(31)和该针的外表面(51)之间,该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)穿过该外表面(51)和该内表面(31)之间的中心延伸,该流体通道(21)在该针的密封部分(53)置于该阀体的阀座(32)上时关闭,而在该密封部分从该阀座上提起时打开;以及
至少两个喷射孔(41、42),其穿过该喷嘴本体(30)的壁形成,包括形成于阀座(32)的下游的第一喷射孔(41)和形成于该第一喷射孔的更下游的第二喷射孔(42),该第一喷射孔(41)的横截面大于该第二喷射孔(42)的横截面,其中:
在该针的密封部分(53)从该阀体的阀座(32)上提起时,压力流体通过该喷射孔(41、42)被喷射;
该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)不与该喷射孔(41、42)中的任何一个的流体通道(L1、L2)对齐,因此压力流体流不直接碰撞该流体通道(L1、L2);以及
该第一喷射孔(41)和该第二喷射孔(42)均被成形为薄的狭缝,该第一喷射孔(41)的宽度(W1)大于该第二喷射孔(42)的宽度(W2),该宽度(W1、W2)沿着垂直于该杯形的喷嘴本体(30)的轴向的方向测量。
4.如权利要求3所述的喷射器,其特征在于:
沿着该杯形的喷嘴本体的轴向测量,该第一喷射孔(41)的横截面高度(H3)大于该第二喷射孔(42)的横截面高度(H4)。
5.如权利要求3所述的喷射器,其特征在于:
该流体通道(21)的中心线(Le)与该第一喷射孔(41)和该第二喷射孔(42)之间的球面(332)相交。
CNB2005100702471A 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 用于喷射压力流体的喷射器 Expired - Fee Related CN100396909C (zh)

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