CN100393130C - 采集使用数据的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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- H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
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Abstract
从广播接收机采集使用数据的方法,该广播接收机被配置用于探测和存储这样的使用数据,该方法包含为该接收机提供(16,18)标识出了要被采集的使用数据以及这一数据的计划用途的隐私策略。在该接收机,交互地或自动地确定(22)接收到的隐私策略是否可以接受;并且如果可以接受,该接收机从该存储器中选择(30)在该隐私策略中标识出的使用数据并将同一数据传输(28)给该隐私策略的发送方。同时提供了一种用于支持该方法的接收机装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于采集与用户所作选择有关的数据的方法和支持该方法的装置。具体地,但非排它地,本发明涉及用于广播电视接收机的使用数据的采集。
背景技术
可以利用机顶盒(或任何其它广播电视接收机)录制消费者的行为,例如他们观看哪些频道以及他们何时观看这些频道。当这一机顶盒与一个返回信道相连时,这一信息可以从该机顶盒被传输到另一方。
这一信息对于象广播公司这样的公司来说是有用的,可以用于分析收视人口统计和用于寻找对其提供的内容和服务感兴趣的目标消费者。然而对于消费者来说,使用有关他们的观看习惯的信息涉及隐私问题,并且就用户而言会不愿意提供他们的信息。
本发明的一个目的是至少部分阐明上述问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种从被设置用于探测和存储这样的使用数据的广播接收机采集使用数据的方法,包含:
为所述接收机提供用于识别被采集的使用数据的隐私策略和这种数据的计划用途;
在所述接收机确定接收到的隐私策略是否可以接受;和
如果可以接受,在接收机中选择出隐私策略中识别出的所存储的使用数据并将这一使用数据传输给该隐私策略的发送方。
通过发出指定了该数据用途的隐私策略,用户可以更好地(并更可能地)选择接受。同时,该策略为接收机提供了有关哪些被采集的数据(可能仅是接收机所采集的数据的一个小的子集)将要被传输的说明。
该接收机可以为用户显示出接收到的隐私策略,由用户输入确定是否接受所述策略:在这种情况下,该接收机可以在显示给用户之前对所接收到的隐私策略进行格式编排,例如显示出所需信息或计划用途的简单列表来使用户更容易理解。可选地,该接收机可以为用户存储隐私策略偏好数据,并基于这些数据来自动确定所接收到的隐私策略是否可以被接受。利用这样的预存储偏好资料,用户无需每次当接收到一个数据采集请求(以隐私策略的形式)时都要作出反应。
当用户对该隐私策略所携带的基本信息不满意时,确定接受的步骤可以包含在该接收机用户和该隐私策略的发送方之间进行协商的步骤,例如使用户找到更多有关该数据的计划用途和/或目的地的信息。
接收到的隐私策略可以被部分地接受,从而最终仅有所请求使用数据的一部分被传输。例如,用户可能希望共享有关接收机使用的数据(例如观看或录制了哪些节目)而不希望共享个人的数据,例如姓名、年龄或性别。为了消除这样的忧虑,在传输给该隐私策略的发送方之前,该接收机可以为用户从该使用数据中清除直接的标识符。这样的清除可以包含简单的删除或者用假名或其它虚构的数据来代替。
在本发明的一个示例应用中,该隐私策略的发送方提供了有条件访问的广播服务,其中访问视用户对该隐私策略和使用数据传输的接受而定。通过提供这样的奖励,可以鼓励用户共享其数据。
同样根据本发明提供了一种用于采集使用数据的装置,包含:
一个广播接收机(可以是一个广播电视接收机);
与所述广播接收机相连并用于探测和存储与所述接收机的用户操作有关的使用数据的监控和存储装置;
用来接收隐私策略的输入端,该隐私策略能够识别被采集的使用数据和这些数据的计划用途;
与所述输入端和所述存储装置相连的控制装置,该控制装置可被操作用于确定是否接受所接收到的隐私策略;和
可与该隐私策略的源的反向信道相连的输出端,
当确定所述接收到的隐私策略是可以被接受时,该控制装置被用于从所述存储装置中选择在该隐私策略中识别出的使用数据,并将该数据传输到输出端。
附加权利要求中叙述了本发明的这些和其它方面,该附加权利要求在此处引作参考,并且/或者本发明的这些和其它方面在本发明的实施例的下述描述中进行了说明。
附图说明
仅参考附图,下面将通过示例描述本发明的实施例,其中:
图1表示在实施本发明的广播公司和接收机之间的一系列相互作用的示意图;
图2是表示可以在图1中接收机端被实现的可选步骤的流程图;和
图3示意性表示实现了本发明的装置的功能特征。
具体实施方式
在这一描述中,广播公司一词通常被用于表示希望获得电视观众资料信息的一个公司或者其它机构。将有许多类型的公司希望得到资料信息,但是广播公司可能是第一用户,并且使用广播公司一词有助于澄清下面的问题。
先参见图1,示出了在广播公司(图的左边)和接收机(右边)之间的一系列相互作用。开始,广播公司发射10一个或多个广播数据流。在接收机,通常根据用户的输入作出关于哪个流(例如哪个电视频道)被观看或录制的选择12。在该接收机中,记录14是由非易失存储器中这样的选择组成以建立一个用户观看习惯的图,广播公司对这些信息感兴趣,因为可以用来改善节目安排,提供特殊服务等等。
在该广播公司接收电视观众使用信息之前,他们要建立16一个隐私策略文件。该隐私策略文件描述了广播公司希望接收的所有信息项,以及这一信息的计划用途。在下面的示例中,使用了W3C标准P3P(Platform for Privacy Preferences),如http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P中所述,但是同样可以应用其它表示方式。
<POLICIES xmlns=″http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1″>
<POLICY name=″sample″
discuri=″http://www.example.com/viewing-
policy.html″
opturi=″http://www.example.com/opt.html″>
<ENTITY>
<DATA-GROUP>
<DATA ref=″#business.name″>Example,Corp.</DATA>
<DATA ref=″#business.contact-
info.online.email″>privacy@example.com</D
ATA>
</DATA-GROUP>
</ENTITY>
<ACCESS><none/></ACCESS>
<DISPUTES-GROUP>
<DISPUTES resolution-type=″service″
service=″http://www.example.com/privacy.html″
short-description=″Please contact our customer
service desk
with privacy concerns by
emailing
privacy@example.com″/>
</DISPUTES-GROUP>
<STATEMENT>
<PURPOSE><admin/>pseudo-analysis/></PURPOSE>
<RECIPIENT><ours/></RECIPIENT>
<RETENTION><indefinitely/></RETENTION>
<DATA-GROUP>
<DATA ref=″#user.gender″>
<CATEGORIES><demographic/></CATEGORIES>
</DATA>
<DATA ref=″#user.name.family″>
<CATEGORIES><demographic/></CATEGORIES>
</DATA>
<DATA ref=″#user.name.given″>
<CATEGORIES><demographic/></CATEGORIES>
</DATA>
<DATA ref=″#dynamic.interactionrecord″>
<CATEGORIES><interactive/><navigation/></CATEGORIES>
</DATA>
</DATA-GROUP>
<DATA-GROUP base=″http://www.tv-
anytime.org/usage-history-p3p-
schema″>
<DATA ref=″#av.playrecording″/>
<DATA ref=″#av.playstream″/>
<DATA ref=″#av.record″/>
<DATA ref=″#video.slowmotion″/>
<DATA ref=″#data.archive″/>
</DATA-GROUP>
</STATEMENT>
</POLICY>
</POLICIES>
虽然无需详细讨论上述示例,为了进行说明,现在对其中一些部分进行解释。
DATA ref=
这些引用标识出了搜索到的数据,例如用户姓名和性别,观看录制音频/视频(AV)内容或者观看或录制实况转播AV内容的次数和时间。
DISPUTES resolution-type=
指定了用于协商或者搜索有关请求该隐私策略/数据采集请求的途径。在上述示例中,是以用户服务桌面的电子邮件地址的形式。
RECIPIENT
谁将接收到该数据。
RETENTION
接受者(在上例中是不确定的)将持有该数据多长时间。
CATEGORIES
为该数据标识计划的应用(在此例中是用于人口统计资料)。
一旦此策略文件被创建,就需要将其传输18到该用户的机顶盒。虽然这一传输的确切细节超出了本发明的范围,但是本领域技术人员将明白用于传输数据(与该广播数据一起或分别地)到该接收机的适合的机制。
消费者的接收机装置一接收20到,下一步22就是确定所述请求数据及其计划用途是否可以被用户接受。在交互模式中,利用表示接受或不接受的用户输入24,该隐私策略可以显示给用户(转换成更容易理解的适合格式而不是原始的XML)。可选地,在系统检查26中,基于用户以前的配置(存储的隐私策略偏好数据),该设备上的软件代理或程序可以对该策略文件作出决策。该决策可以包含与和广播公司38联系的用户协商或解释的步骤,例如进一步搜索有关该用户数据的计划用途和/或目的地的信息。如箭头42所示,可以想象,这一过程可以导致广播公司审查或修改该隐私策略。
当该观看历史从该消费者被传输28到该广播公司时,该策略文件被用于过滤30该观看历史。例如如果该策略文件表明只有那些有关观看了何种节目的信息被请求,该观看历史中的所有其它信息在传输之前将被清除。
如果该观看历史的目的是为了匿名提取摘要(其目的在该策略文件中被指定),该机顶盒可以用假名来代替任何能够确认用户的信息(例如名字,用户身份等)以确保该广播公司不能将该观看历史用于直接的电视观众分析。
如果消费者允许其观看历史被发布,几乎可以确定,他们也将得到一些好处。当消费者同意这一有利的服务时,该广播公司可以将其隐私策略文件传输给消费者。该策略文件需要携带辅助信息来表明在使用其服务之前是否必须接受这一策略,或者仅仅是可选的。如34和36通常所示,一旦接收到使用数据,该广播公司就可以提供一些好处,例如访问有条件访问的服务,如订购的广播频道。
图2示出了图1中的接收机前面的过程的一种变更。在28接受该隐私策略后,进行第一接受测试22.A(可以是交互式的或自动的,如上所述)。这一测试寻找在该隐私策略中标识的所有被接受的参数(数据类型、计划用途、保留时间等)。如果满足该测试,则从该接收机所持有的数据中选定30.A所有被请求的数据并将其发送28给该广播公司。然而如果测试22.A失败,则进行用于部分接受的测试22.B,例如确定用户是否愿意提交部分被请求的数据(对广播公司来说这些数据可能仍然是有价值的)。如果第二测试22.B失败,该过程中止40并且没有数据被发送给广播公司。然而如果第二测试成功,那么从所存储数据中作出的选择30.B仅包含用户愿意提交的数据,然后这些数据按照前述方式被发送28。
图3示意性表示适于实施本发明并支持用于采集使用数据的上述方法的装置的功能特征。该装置的基本条件是能够接收广播数据(此例中是广播电视信号),能够包含使用历史的永久存储,并能够与一个返回信道相连(例如通过调制解调器或者宽带网连接)用于将该使用数据传输给广播公司或者该隐私策略的其它来源。
在图3的装置中,广播接收机50具有输入52用于接收广播电视信号。这一输入52可以是如图所示的天线,或者(例如)可以包含圆盘式卫星电视天线或者连接到地面有线电视网。与非易失存储器(例如本地硬盘设备)56相连的监控级54与接收机50耦合。在使用中,监控级54以何种频道和节目被观看的形式探测观看信息,并将这一使用数据存储在存储器56中。该装置具有一个输入端用来接收该隐私策略:在所示示例中,该隐私策略由传输广播数据的相同装置被传输,输入端52以同样方式使用。在可选的传输机制被用于该隐私策略时,可以提供单独的输入端(未示出)。
控制级58(可能适于由微控制器或者其它处理器设备提供)与输入52耦合用于隐私策略(在此例中通过接收机50)。控制级58也与存储器56相连并操作用于确定接收到的隐私策略是否可以接受,如果可以接受,就从存储器56中选择在该隐私策略中标识出的使用数据。与控制级58耦合的外部接口60提供了可连接到反向信道的到该隐私策略的源端的输出。
以显示器形式的输出设备62(可以与接收机装置集成或外部耦合)允许控制级58将接收到的隐私策略提交给用户,适当地采用格式转换使不熟练的用户更容易理解。用户输入设备64提供了一种装置,通过对该装置的操作,在一个前述交互式接受测试中用户确定接受或不接受该策略。对于自动接受测试,存储器56持有用户的隐私策略偏好数据,并基于该数据,控制级58自动确定接收到的隐私策略是否可以接受。
在前面的叙述中,已经描述了一种从广播接收机采集使用数据的方法,该广播接收机用于探测和存储这样的使用数据,该使用数据包含提供给该接收机的隐私策略,该隐私策略不但标识出要被采集的使用数据而且标识出这些数据的计划用途。在接收机,交互地或自动地作出有关接收到的隐私策略是否可以被接受的决策;并且如果可以被接受,该接收机从存储器中选择该隐私策略中标识出的使用数据,并将这些使用数据传输给该隐私策略的发送方。也提供了用于支持该方法的接收机装置。
通过阅读上述披露的内容,对于那些熟悉本领域的人员来说其它变更将是显而易见的。这样的变更可能包括在数据采集领域中已知的其它特征、方法和支持该方法的装置及其应用,从而可以用于代替或附加到此处已经描述过的特征。
Claims (15)
1.一种从广播接收机采集使用数据的方法,该广播接收机被配置用于探测和存储所述使用数据,所述方法包含:
为所述接收机提供(16,18)标识了被采集的使用数据以及所述使用数据的计划用途的隐私策略;
在所述接收机确定(22)接收到的隐私策略是否可以被接受;并且
如果可以接受,在接收机从存储器中选择(30)在该隐私策略中标识出的使用数据并将其传输给该隐私策略的发送方。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中该接收机将接收到(20)的隐私策略显示给用户,并且由用户输入(24)确定接受或不接受所述策略。
3.如权利要求2中所述的方法,其中该接收机在显示给用户之前对接收到的隐私策略进行格式编排。
4.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中该接收机为用户存储隐私策略偏好数据,并且基于(26)所述隐私策略偏好数据,自动确定(22)接收到的隐私策略是否可以接受。
5.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中确定接受(22)的步骤包含在该接收机用户和该隐私策略的发送方之间协商的过程(38)。
6.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中接收到的隐私策略可以被部分接受(22.B),从而最终只有被请求使用数据的一部分被传输(28)。
7.如权利要求1到6中之一所述的方法,其中在传输(28)给该隐私策略的发送方之前,该接收机从该使用数据中为该用户清除(32)直接标识。
8.如权利要求7中所述的方法,其中该隐私策略的发送方提供(34)有条件访问广播服务,并且对该服务的访问取决于用户对该隐私策略的接受和该使用数据的传输。
9.一种用于采集使用数据的装置,包含:
广播接收机(50);
与所述广播接收机(50)耦合并用于探测和存储与所述接收机的用户操作有关的使用数据的监控装置和存储装置;
用来接收标识了要被采集的使用数据和所述使用数据的计划用途的隐私策略的输入端;
与所述输入端和所述存储装置耦合并用于确定接收到的隐私策略是否可接受的控制装置;和
与该隐私策略的源端的反向信道相连的输出端;
一旦确定了所述接收到的隐私策略是可以接受的,该控制装置就被用于从所述存储装置中选择在该隐私策略中标识出的该使用数据并将其发送到输出端。
10.如权利要求9中所述的装置,进一步包含一个输出设备其中该控制装置将接收到的隐私策略提交给用户,并且通过对用户输入装置的操作,用户确定接受或不接受所述策略。
11.如权利要求10中所述的装置,其中在该输出设备提交之前该控制装置被用于编排接收到的隐私策略的格式。
12.如权利要求9中所述的装置,其中该存储装置持有用户的隐私策略偏好数据,并且基于所述隐私策略偏好数据,该控制装置自动确定接收到的隐私策略是否可以被接受。
13.如权利要求9中所述的装置,其中该控制装置进一步用于确定部分接受所接收到的隐私策略,并从所述存储装置中仅选择一部分被请求的使用数据。
14.如权利要求9到13中之一所述的装置,其中在输出所述使用数据之前该控制装置被用于从该使用数据中为用户清除直接的标识符。
15.如权利要求14中所述的装置,其中该广播接收机(50)是一台广播电视接收机。
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CN1356791A (zh) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-07-03 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 接收器和发送器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MXPA05005086A (es) | 2005-07-01 |
JP2006506883A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
WO2004047445A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
BR0316204A (pt) | 2005-09-27 |
EP1579690A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
RU2335095C2 (ru) | 2008-09-27 |
US20060031440A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
CN1711772A (zh) | 2005-12-21 |
AU2003278458A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
GB0226648D0 (en) | 2002-12-24 |
KR20050074619A (ko) | 2005-07-18 |
PL376679A1 (pl) | 2006-01-09 |
RU2005118410A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
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