CN100393110C - 数字广播传输可靠接收的方法和系统 - Google Patents

数字广播传输可靠接收的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN100393110C
CN100393110C CNB02814502XA CN02814502A CN100393110C CN 100393110 C CN100393110 C CN 100393110C CN B02814502X A CNB02814502X A CN B02814502XA CN 02814502 A CN02814502 A CN 02814502A CN 100393110 C CN100393110 C CN 100393110C
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CN1561633A (zh
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K·拉马斯瓦米
P·G·克努特森
J·A·库珀
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Abstract

一种改善数字调制信号接收的方法和装置。在发射机中提供主信号和辅助信号。除了辅助信号在时间上超前于主信号之外，所述主信号和辅助信号可以是基本上相同的。把调制在信号上的主信号和辅助信号从发射机发送到接收机。在接收机端，辅助信号被存储在缓冲器中。如果在传输过程中主信号出现了一些不希望有的变化，那么辅助信号的对应部分就被用来代替主信号的出现了不希望有的变化的部分。

Description

数字广播传输可靠接收的方法和系统
本申请要求2001年7月19日提交的美国临时申请60/(PU010153)中的权益。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及改善数字电视中信号接收的系统。更具体地说，本发明应用在移动数字电视接收机中。
相关技术的讨论
任何地面电视系统必须克服许多在发送信号到接收机过程中出现的问题。例如，按照美国高级电视系统委员会(ATSC)的倡议，美国采用8-电平残留边带(8个VSB的)调制作为其地面数字电视系统的调制标准。因为VSB系统是单载波调制系统，所以很容易出现由多路径及信号的衰减引起的信号衰落。任何频率选择性信号衰落都可以通过均衡技术来校正。然而当出现信号衰落时，这会导致性能降低。无论如何，如果信号的衰落够深、够广并且持续时间够长的话，信号就会丢失且电视接收机中的调制系统将失去同步。这种衰落在对用于数字电视的信号的移动接收中尤其严重。
本发明试图通过利用接收机中源的两组节目素材来克服这些问题。其中一组相对于另一组在时间上延迟。这样，如果延迟的那一组被用于接收且出现衰落事件，那么，在时间上超前的那一组就可以代替衰落或丢失的信号部分。
虽然下文中本发明的详细描述集中于8-VSB系统的细节，但必须认识到本发明的解决方案也同样适用于会遭遇衰落信道环境的任何数字广播传输系统。
发明概述
根据本发明的原理，一种改善数字式调制信号的方法和装置的操作如下所述。在发射机中提供主信号和辅助信号。除了辅助信号在时间上超前于主信号之外，主信号和辅助信号可以是基本上相同的。在调制到信号上之后，主信号和辅助信号被从发射机发送到接收机。在接收机端，辅助信号被存储在缓冲器中。如果主信号在传输过程中发生不希望有的变化，那么辅助信号中的对应部分就可代替主信号中的所述不希望有的部分。
附图的简要说明
图1是包含本发明原理的VSB发射机的示意图。图1包括具有MPEG编码器的副图1A和具有分级源编码器的副图1B；
图2是包含本发明原理的VSB接收机的示意图：以及
图3是由接收机接收的视频分组群的图解说明，这些视频分组群在传输过程中出现了衰落事件。
发明的详细描述
参考所述附图，更确切地说参考图1A，图中示出包含本发明原理的发射机的示意图。所述发射机根据1995年9月16日的高级电视标准委员会(ATSC)数字电视标准中的规定工作，所述规定被包括在本文中作为参考。数字电视系统包括三个部分，即，源编码和压缩部分、传输多路复用部分和射频/传输部分。
源素材通过输入导线10加到MPEG编码器20上，所述MPEG编码器20通常根据MPEG标准(例如活动图像专家组-2)提供源编码及压缩。源素材可以包括音频和视频信号，例如在编码器20中被编码成数字数据流的视频、音频信号。可以使用已知的适用于所涉及的特定信号的比特率减缩法和压缩技术来进行所述编码。由编码器20所提供的数据流被分成分组，每个分组包含标识所述分组的数据。
根据本发明的原理，还提供用来处理源素材10的第二编码器30。在编码器30中，源素材以与编码器20中相同的方式被编码成数字分组数据流。但编码器30的输出通过导线31加到分组缓冲器32，分组缓冲器32使来自编码器30的数据流相对于来自编码器20的输出信号在时间上延迟。编码器20的输出信号被视为辅助信号，而编码器30的输出信号被视为主信号。
编码器20的输出通过导线21加到传输多路复用器40的第一输入端，而分组缓冲器32的输出信号加到传输多路复用器40的第二输入端。还可以把附加的数据信号(例如，用于DTV接收机中的控制数据)(未示出)加到多路复用器40。输送到传输多路复用器40的数据流被传输多路复用器40多路复用成单一数据流。
通过信道编码部件50、符号映射部件60和混频器70、利用载波振动器80对多路复用器40的输出进行信道编码和调制。这些电路还插入了各种不同的“帮助程序”信号，这些信号协助8-VSB接收机对接收到的RF信号进行精确的定位和解调。这些信号包括ATSC导频音、段同步和帧同步分量。
已发送的主信号在图3中示为310，从A延伸到Z。所述字母序列代表视频分组的时序序列。已发射的辅助信号在图3中示为300，从“a”延伸到“jj”。在图3中所示的实施例中，所述辅助序列在时间上超前6个分组时间以上，更具体地说，在图3中示出超前10个分组时间的辅助序列。
根据本发明的原理，发送两种基本上相同但时间上偏移的信号的方法被称为交错播放(staggercasting)。因此，图3代表交错播放的发送信号。
除了每个分组中识别自身的信息之外，主信息流310和辅助信息流300可以是相同的。然而为了节省信道带宽，主信息流可以包含代表“全清晰度”的视频和/或音频信号的数据，而辅助信息流可包含降低了的清晰度的数据。
也可以使用分级编码的方法来提供主信道和辅助信道(如图1B中所示)，来代替使用如图1A所示的编码器20及编码器30。可以为主信道310提供所有部件，而辅助信道300可以仅仅具有高优先级部件。
图B1示出所述原素材经过端子10加到分级源编码器21。导线21’上的输出信号是辅助性的、时间上超前的流300，而导线31’上的输出信号是主流310。应当指出，主流310在分组缓冲器32’中被延迟。在本实施例中，辅助信道可能仅仅具有导线21’上的高优先级信息，而主流可能既包含来自导线21’的高优先级信息又包含来自导线31’的低优先级信息，所述高优先级信息和所述低优先级信息在多路复用器33中组合起来。来自分级源编码器20’的辅助输出加到传输多路复用器40的第一输入端，而缓冲器32’的输出将被加到传输多路复用器40的第二输入端，如图1A中所示。另外，发射机各项功能是相同的。
分级源编码的使用允许高优先级数据既出现在主信道又出现在辅助信道，同时所有低优先级数据仅仅存在于主信道中。由这样一种系统发送的图像可以显示在移动装置中，例如一些配备有VSB解调器的个人数字助理中。
现在参考图2，图中示出包含本发明原理的VSB接收机的示意图。在8-VSB发送信号中，仅仅以RF包络的幅度的形式、而不是以相位的形式发送数字信息。通过仅仅对I信道或同相信息进行取样来恢复所述发送信号的8个电平。
在示于图2的接收机中，通过应用在发射机中使用的原理的逆向原理来解调所述发送的信号。也就是说，输入的VSB信号被接收、下变频、滤波然后被检测。恢复段和桢同步。所有这些过程都以人们所熟知的方式通过混频器100、本机振荡器101、低通滤波器102、摸数转换器103、混频器104和载波恢复电路106以及内插器107和符号定时恢复电路108来完成的。
内插器107的输出加到均衡器110中。段同步信号有助于接收机中的时钟恢复，而场同步信号用来训练自适应均衡器110。均衡器110的输出加到前向纠错电路(FEC)120。由前向纠错电路120提供的已纠错的信号加到传输多路分离器130并用于其中。传输多路分离器130的输出同时包含在导线131上的辅助流信号和在导线32上的主流信号。在正常情况下，主流信号直接加到流选择电路140上，而辅助信号加到分组缓冲延迟电路150上，分组缓冲延迟电路150的延迟时间与在发射机中辅助信号超前的时间相匹配。这样，加到流选择电路140上的两种流这时在时间上对齐。
正常情况下，流选择电路140被调节成把主流信号传送到MPEG解码器160。然而，如果在接收到的VSB解码器信号中出现衰落情况，那么主流信号将被破坏，有可能到无法使用的地步。如果主流信息变成不能使用，那么流选择电路140将被调节成把缓冲的辅助流信号传送到MPEG解码器160。这一切都由连接到前向纠错电路120和传输多路分离器130的错误检测回路121确定。
可以通过物理层面上的许多可能的方法来检测衰落事件的出现。例如，可以使用信噪比检测器。可以以被处理的主信号的幅度变化的形式来检测衰落事件的出现。又例如，同样可以使用误码率检测器。在又一个实例中，利用来自前向纠错系统中的不可解码差错标记指示。当电路121判定主信号有问题时，它能指示流选择电路140起用辅助信道数据。
辅助数据的使用会一直持续，直至或者缓冲器150中的数据被用完或者接收机恢复因而主信道被复原到预定的质量阈值。显然，接收机一旦恢复就必须将恢复状态保持足够长的时间以允许辅助分组缓冲器150重新得到补充，以便为主流信号中出现另一衰落事件做好准备。引入主信号中的延迟必须足够长，以便覆盖衰落事件的预期的持续时间而又不会为从这样的衰落事件中恢复而花费太长时间。在优选实施例中，可以把由发射机中分组缓冲器32或32’和接收机中分组延迟缓冲器150引入到主信号的时间延迟选择在大约500毫秒和几秒之间。
图2中还示出代表显示处理器和显示装置180的方框，显示处理器和显示装置180接收MPEG解码器160的输出并且产生用于以传统方式显示在显示装置上的屏幕显示图像的解码后的图像数据以及准备以传统方式在扬声器中再现的解码后的声音数据。
现在参考图3，图中提供对分组流中的交错播放(staggercasting)原理的图解说明。图3是含有代表辅助序列(300)的视频和/或音频分组群的时间图，辅助序列(300)在时间上比主序列(310)超前并且如上所述从“a”延伸到“jj”。可以看出，在本实例中，在图中上部分所示的辅助信道300在时间上超前时间段“Tadv”(大约为10个分组)。
在图的下半部分，主信道310以分组“A”到“Z”来表示，其中，主信道310中的分组A对应于辅助信道中的分组a，而主信道中的分组B对应于辅助信道中的分组b，以此类推。在图3中，主信道310中的前十个分组被示为0，因为这是主信道310在发射机中被延迟的时间长度。这是在主信道310中的第一个相应的分组“A”被接收之前分组“a”到“j”装载到缓冲器150上的时段。然而，本专业的技术人员将明白，主流310可以包含与辅助信道中前面各分组相对应的主分组。
图3示出VSB信号在其从发射机到VSB接收机传输过程中完全衰落的一个实例。此衰落始于时间t1，结束于时间t2。然而，在此衰落之后，在接收机中的电路需要复原时间以便使其时钟与接收的信号再同步并且需要纠错自动跟踪(lock)。所述复原时间始于衰落结束之后的时间t2，并且持续到时间t3。这样，所示的在分组序列中的衰落会导致主310信道及辅助300信道中6个分组的丧失。也就是说，在主信道中，H-M分组被丧失：分组H、I、J的丧失是由衰落引起的，而分组K、L、M的丧失是因为调制器及FEC复原的缘故；在辅助信道中，分组r-w的丧失原因相同。
然而，可以看到，在衰落事件出现之前，时间t4到时间t5，接收到对应于主分组H-M的辅助分组h-m，因此将它们存储在分组缓冲器150中。由于辅助分组序列300已经超前6个分组以上(这是典型的衰落和再获取的时间长度)，因此，当主序列H-M因为衰落事件而丧失时，可以从分组缓冲器150读出辅助序列h-m。
所述系统容易受衰落事件的伤害，除非将辅助缓冲器150充满。这是因为在衰落过程中主流和辅助流(以及传输流中的任何其它流)两者都受损失。更确切地说，从时间t6到t7，接收机接收主分组R-W。然而，如上所述，在衰落过程中，相对应的辅助分组r-w被丢失。这样，在分组缓冲器150中就没有存储的辅助分组，因而在这段时间内不能获得关于衰落事件的任何保护措施。在时间t7之后，又可获得全面的保护。可以以消耗更多带宽为代价，使用超前不同时间段的一些附加辅助流，以便经受住多个密集的相继的衰落事件。
图3中还示出一些阴影部分，它们有助于识别对主流和辅助流中各个分组的处理过程。用阴影部分301示出的划阴影的分组是由接收机中MPEG解码器160解码的分组。用阴影部分302示出的划阴影的分组是由于传输过程中信号丢失的缘故而丧失了的分组。用阴影部分303示出的划阴影的分组是由于接收机重新获取的缘故而丧失了的分组，而没有划阴影的方块(304)是或者在主信号中或者在辅助信道中可以获得的、但未被MPEG解码器160解码的分组。
在衰落事件过程中利用包含待处理的信息的辅助信号的方法提供相同的图像质量或工作可靠但性能下降的图像。质量稍差的辅助信号与全清晰度的主信号相比需要较小的吞吐量和较小的发送带宽，但源自辅助信号的质量稍差的图像与主信号的全清晰度图像相比稍有退化。还可以设想使用相同质量而在时间上交错的、甚至具有不同压缩格式的信号。
很明显，上述包含本发明原理的方法和装置有助于纠正易遭遇传输信道衰落事件的VSB系统或任何其它系统中的一些缺陷。VSB系统是单一载波调制系统，因而容易遭遇由多路径和信号衰减引起的衰落。均衡器的使用纠正了许多频率选择性衰落事件，但这是以实际衰落出现时增加频带噪音为代价的。如果所述衰落够深、够宽并且持续时间够长的话，那么，调制系统可能失去同步且信号将会丢失。
根据本发明的原理，由于具有存储在存储器中的超前的节目素材的拷贝，因此有可能通过切换到超前的(辅助的)传输系统来继续解调。这样，解调器将继续试图复原，并且如果衰落具有合适的持续时间，那么，主流会在存储的超前流被用完之前回到线路上来。当可以得到所述主节目分组时，解码器将重新开始调制所述主流，且开始缓冲所述辅助流的超前分组、等待接收信号的下一次中断。
所述方法和装置对于VSB信号的移动接收尤其有用。很明显，当接收机在不同地域间移动时，移动接收机容易遭遇严重的信号衰落。这有可能使接收到的信号中断。如上所述，根据本发明原理的装置和方法能提供在因为衰落事件而出现信号的暂时性丧失时、所接收到的程序能很好地降级的方法。
这种方法起用了名为辅助信号的发射。这种信号是一种同源的被同步解码。选择地降低清晰度及超前的节目素材的信号。此种技术适合于任何流性数据，但因为低清晰度的素材可被用来消耗带宽，所以它可直接用于视频和音频中。上面同样所述，此系统对无线数字助手或娱乐性数字助手用户尤其有用。
虽然已通过特殊实施例和特定的说明性实例描述了本发明，但很明显本发明的原理同样可以以其他方案来实施而不脱离由以下的权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于改善对发送的数字广播信号的接收的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在发射机中从第一源中产生第一组节目素材；
在所述发射机中从所述第一源中产生第二组节目素材，所述第二组节目素材与所述第一组节目素材具有相同的信息内容；
在发送之前，使所述第一组相对于所述第二组在时间上延迟；
通过信号发送所述第一和第二组节目素材，以便由接收机接收；
把在所述接收机中接收到的所述第一组节目素材加到所述接收机中的正常的接收信道上；
把在所述接收机中接收到的所述第二组节目素材存储在所述接收机的缓冲器中；
检测所述接收的第一组节目素材中的不希望有的变化；以及
用存储在所述缓冲器中的所述信号的相对应部分代替所述第一组节目素材中任何不希望有的变化部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：生产具有与所述第二组节目素材不同的质量的所述第一组节目素材。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一组节目素材的质量高于所述第二组节目素材的清晰度。
4.在接收机中，一种用于改善对以同步编码的相同信息内容的主信号和辅助信号的形式发送的信号的接收的方法，所述主信号和所述辅助信号在时间交错，其中所述辅助信号超前于所述主信号，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在所述接收机的缓冲器中存储所述辅助信号；
在所述接收机中以通常的方式处理所述主信号；
检测所述已处理过的主信号中的不希望有的变化；以及
用所述存储的辅助信号的相应部分代替所述主信号的任何不希望有的变化部分。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述不希望有的变化与所述处理后的主信号的质量有关，并且通过对所述处理后的主信号的质量测定来检测所述变化。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述质量测定是信噪比测定、误码率测定或分组差错率测定中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述主信号和所述辅助信号具有不同的清晰度。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述主信号具有比所述辅助信号高的清晰度。
9.一种用于改善数字信号的接收的系统，所述系统包括：
用于从发射机的源产生第一组节目素材的装置；
用于从所述发射机的所述源产生第二组节目素材的装置，所述第二组节目素材与所述第一组节目素材具有相同的信息内容；
用于使所述第一组在时间上相对于所述第二组延迟的装置；
用于发送携带所述延迟的第一组节目素材和所述第二组节目素材的信号的装置；
具有用于接收所述发送的信号的第一和第二信道的接收机，所述第二信道具有用于存储所述第二组节目素材的缓冲回路，而所述第一信道包括用于处理所述第一组节目素材的装置；
在所述接收机中用于检测所述处理后的第一组中任何不希望有的变化的检测器；以及
在所述接收机中用于用所述存储的第二组的对应部分代替所述第一组中任何不希望有的变化部分的装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于：所述第一组节目素材的清晰度与所述第二组节目素材的清晰度不同。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于：所述第一组节目素材的清晰度高于所述第二组节目素材的清晰度。
12.一种用于改善对以用同步编码的相同信息内容的主信号和辅助信号的形式发送的信号的接收的接收机，所述主信号和辅助信号在时间上交错，其中，所述辅助信号超前于所述主信号，所述接收机包括：
在所述接收机中用于存储所述辅助信号的缓冲器；
在所述接收机中用于以通常方式处理所述主信号的信号处理器；
在所述接收机中用于检测所述处理后的主信号中任何不希望有的变化的检测器；以及：
连接到所述检测器、用于用所述存储的辅助信号的对应部分代替所述主信号中任何不希望有的变化部分的装置。
13.如所述权利要求12所述的接收机，其特征在于：所述主信号中的所述不希望有的变化是对所述主信号的振幅的量度，以及所述检测器包括信噪比检测器、误码率检测器和分组差错检测器中的一种或多种。
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