CN100374283C - 微流体制品及其制造方法 - Google Patents

微流体制品及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100374283C
CN100374283C CNB998073776A CN99807377A CN100374283C CN 100374283 C CN100374283 C CN 100374283C CN B998073776 A CNB998073776 A CN B998073776A CN 99807377 A CN99807377 A CN 99807377A CN 100374283 C CN100374283 C CN 100374283C
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substrate
polymer matrix
matrix film
microfluidic process
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J·G·本特森
R·P·约翰斯通
R·W·别尔纳特
R·J·普瓦里耶
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Abstract

制备模塑制品的方法,包括:(a)使可模塑的材料(10)和带模塑表面的敞模成型模具(16)彼此线接触,将微流体处理结构图案压印到可压模材料(10)上,从而形成模塑制品;和(b)从所述的模塑表面取下模塑制品。本发明还涉及各种带有微流体处理结构的聚合物制品。

Description

微流体制品及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及微流体制品及其制造方法。
背景技术
已力图减小分析和其它方法操作液态样品如生物液态样品的部件的尺寸。减小尺寸能带来许多优点,包括能够分析非常小的样品、增加分析的速度、能用减少量的试剂和减少总成本。
已提出了各种不同的用于微流体运用的部件。这些部件典型地包括带有平版印刷图案的玻璃或硅基片,且蚀刻的表面带有一个或多个形成微流体处理的结构。也已提出塑料基片如聚酰亚胺、聚酯和聚碳酸酯。
需要一种聚合体基的微流体制品,其可以工业规模量高效生产,如以卷形物的形式,且可选择性地制造成具有各种不同功能,包括分析功能。因此,本发明的第一个方面是制备模塑制品的方法,包括使一种可模塑材料,和敞膜成型模具的表面彼此成线接触,从而将微流体处理结构压印在可模塑的材料上。然后从模具的模塑表面分离出得到的模塑制品。
发明内容
“微流体处理结构”是指以预定的自载(self-contained)图案方式排列的一个或多个流体处理结构。较佳地,该结构包括至少一种尺寸不大于1000μm的结构。另外,液体宜以Z-方向(即与结构的平面是成垂直方向的)进入和离开该结构。对于本发明,适合的微流体处理结构例子包括选自微通道、液体储器、样品处理区域和它们的组合的结构。
“敞模成型模具”是指缺少闭模中存在的密封腔的成型模具,如用于注塑的类型的模具。
“线接触”是指由相对于模具和可模塑材料移动成的线确定的模具和可模塑材料接触的状态。
在一实施例中,可模塑材料是可压印的聚合基片。将微流体处理结构图案压印在聚合基片的表面制造出模制制品。
在另一实施例中,可模塑材料是可流动树脂组合物。这种组合物的一种例子是可固化的树脂组合物,在此情况下,该方法包括在从模塑表面分离模塑的制品前将组合物暴露于热辐射或光化辐射下以固化组合物。本文所用的“固化”和“可固化树脂组合物”包括交联已聚合的树脂,以及聚合单体或低聚物成分,其产物并非一定是交联的热固性树脂。优选的可固化树脂组合物的例子是可光致聚合的组合物,当与模塑表面接触时,通过将组合物暴露于光化辐射而固化。
可流动树脂组合物的另一例子是熔融的热塑性组合物,其在接触模塑表面时被冷却从而固化。
当可模塑材料是可流动树脂组合物时,有两个优选模塑方法。在一优选方法中,可流动树脂组合物被引到聚合基片的主表面上,基片和压模器彼此相对的移动,使压模器和可流动树脂组合物成彼此线接触。这种净结果是两层结构,其中带有微流体处理结构的层整体地结合于聚合基片。
当可压模材料是可流动树脂组合物时,另一优选模塑方法,包括将可流动树脂组合物引到压模器的压模表面上。可将分开的聚合基片与可流动树脂组合物组合,产生两层结构,其中带有微流体处理结构的基片整体地结合于聚合基片。
基片可与压模的制品结合,形成覆盖在微流体处理结构上的覆盖层。较佳地,该基片是聚合基片。压模的制品也可装有一种或多种微电子元件、微光学元件和/或微微型机械元件。可以各种不同方法结合这些微型元件,表明总方法的灵活性。例如,当可压模材料是可压印的聚合基片时,该基片可包括微型元件。当可压模材料是可流动树脂组合物且该方法包括在模塑时将树脂组合物和聚合基片结合时,该聚合物基片可包括微型元件。也可能是在覆盖层中包括微型元件。这些微型元件也可以与模塑制品结合的分开基片(较佳地为一聚合基片)的形式提供。
较佳地,该方法设计为一连续操作方法。因此,可压模材料被连续地引入由压模器确定的压模区域,且压模器连续不断地与可压模材料线接触产生多个微流体处理的结构。较佳地,该连续方法得到卷形物形式的制品,其包括许多微流体处理的结构。该卷形物可直接使用或随后被分成多种独立的部件。附加的聚合物基片可连续与制品结合。例子包括覆盖层和带有微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件的层。
本发明的另一方面,制品包括(A)非弹性的第一聚合基片,该第一聚合物基片具有第一主表面,该第一主表面包括微流体处理结构(如上所述),和第二主表面;和(B)第二聚合基片,其整体地结合于第一基片的第二主表面。在没有第一基片时,这个第二基片能形成独立的基片。其为第一基片提供机械支承并提供将其它元件(如微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件)加入到制品中的手段,从而提供了设计的灵活性。
“非弹性”材料是指在Z方向(即对基片的平面是垂直的方向)上弹性不够的材料,当对Z方向循环变化力时,它可当作泵或阀门。
“整体地结合”是指两个基片直接互相结合,而不是通过中间材料(如粘合剂)结合的。
制品较佳地包括覆盖在微流体处理结构上的覆盖层。该覆盖层,可结合于第一基片的第一表面,较佳的是聚合物层。
制品较佳地包括一种或多种微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件。这些微型元件可包括在第一基片、第二基片、聚合物覆盖层或它们的组合中。
第三方面,本发明的制品为卷形物,其包括带有第一主表面(包括多个不连续的微流体处理结构(如上所述))和第二主表面的第一聚合物基片。该制品较佳地包括第二聚合物基片,其整体地结合于(如上所述)第一基片的第二主表面。在第一基片不存在时,该第二基片能够形成独立的基片。
制品较佳地包括结合于第一基片的第一主表面的聚合物覆盖层。
制品较佳地包括一种或多种微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件。这些微型元件可包括在第一基片、第二基片、聚合物覆盖层或它们的组合中。
本发明的第四方面,制品包括(A)第一聚合物基片,该第一聚合物基片具有第一主表面,该第一主表面包括微流体处理结构(如上所述)和第二主表面;和(B)第二聚合物基片。这个第二基片的第一主表面整体地结合于(如上所述)第一基片的第二主表面,且第二主表面包括一种或多种微电子元件和在第二基片的第一和第二主表面之间延伸的通道。该第二基片在不存在第一基片时能形成独立的基片。
本发明的第五方面,制品包括第一聚合物基片,该第一聚合物基片具有第一主表面,该第一主表面包括微流体处理结构(如上所述)和第二主表面,该第二表面包括一种或多种微电子元件和在该基片的第一和第二主表面之间延伸的通道。
本发明的第六方面,制品包括(A)第一聚合物基片,该第一聚合物基片具有第一主表面,该第一主表面包括微流体处理结构(如上所述),和第二主表面;和(B)一聚合物覆盖层。该覆盖层包括上覆盖基片第一主表面的第一主表面和第二主表面,该第二主表面包括一种或多种微电子元件和在该覆盖层的第一和第二主表面之间延伸的通道。
本发明的第七方面,一种处理微流体样品的方法,包括(a)提供卷形物形式的制品,该制品包括带有第一主表面(包括多个不连续的微流体处理结构)和第二主表面的聚合物基片;(b)将微流体样品加入其中一个微流体处理结构;和(c)处理样品(如通过分析样品)。
本发明提供用于处理(如分析)微流体样品的聚合物制品,其可以工业规模连续生产,制品的形式为方便的卷形物,易于储藏和搬运。该卷形物产品可直接用于处理流体样品,如用卷到卷连续方法,包括将不同的液体注入每个微流体处理结构然后进行多重的操作。另外,在制造后,该卷形物产品可分成多个不连续的部件。
这种制造的方法提供了显著的设计灵活性,使大量的加工步骤可在线进行。例如,在制造过程中,易于通过各种不同的方法,该元件作为包括带有微流体处理结构的基片的部分,作为覆盖层的部分或整体地结合于基片的第二聚合物基片的部分,将微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件结合入制品。也可有各种结合这些微型元件的设计。也可制备多层制品。
该模塑方法对形成各种不同的微流体处理结构设计是充分通用的。因此,制品可制造成具有各种功能的,包括例如毛细管类的电泳、动力学抑制测定、竞争免疫测定、酶测定、核酸杂化测定、细胞分类、组合化学和电色谱法。
这种模塑方法能够制备具有高度纵横比和各种不同纵横比细部(feature)的微流体处理结构。这又提供了展现出改进的速度和分辨率的结构。例如,当维持恒定的微通道宽度时,微通道的深度可变化。这样的微通道可用来构建用于压电阀门一较小扩压器(diffuser)的微型泵的垂直锥形入口和出口的扩压器,或用于提供电动区域控制或电动聚焦。类似地,可在恒定的深度逐步减小高纵横比微通道的宽度。结果得到的结构也可用于提供电动区域控制。
也可逐步减小微通道的深度和宽度,得到恒定断面面积或恒定的断面周长。恒定断面面积或周长的结果,得到的结构能在整个通道的长度实现为主要的电泳流或电渗流提供恒定的电压梯度,从而为单分子测定提供光密封(而不损失分辨能力)。该结构也可用于提供高和低纵横比结构(如高纵横比注射三通、低纵横比的探针俘获区域、微井反应器或压电传动器元件)之间的转变,而不损失电动学分辨力。
也可制备有不同深度的两个相交的微通道。因此,再可利用这一特征在疏水基片制造微流体开关。由于深度的不同,较浅的微通道的一个臂中的液体不会越过相交处,除非将缓冲液引入较深的微通道桥接相交处。这种不同深度的特征还可用于制备接线端子阵列(post array),用于免疫测定或核酸测定中把探针俘获小珠聚集在一起,并同时允许指示试剂和液体样品自由地流过。
本发明的其它特征和优点可从以下的优选实施例的描述和权利要求中清楚看出。
附图说明
图1是制备微流体制品的连续“流延(cast)和固化”方法的示意图。
图1(a)是按图1所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图2是制备微流体制品的连续“挤压压印”方法的透视图。
图2(a)是按图2所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图3是制备微流体制品的连续“挤压压印”方法的第二实例的透视图。
图3(a)是按图3所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图4是制备微流体制品的连续“挤压压印”方法的第三个实例的透视图。
图4(a)是按图4所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图5是制备微流体制品的连续“挤压压印”方法的第四个实例的示意图。
图5(a)是按图5所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图6是制备微流体制品的连续“基片压印”方法的透视图。
图6(a)是按图6所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图7是制备微流体制品的连续“基片压印”方法的第二实例的透视图。
图7(a)是按图7所示的方法制备的微流体制品的透视图。
图8是制备微流体制品连续方法的示意图,其中在模塑后覆盖层是层压到带有微流体结构的基片上的。
图9(a)和9(b)是带有微流体处理结构的基片和装有微电子元件的覆盖层组合的剖面图。
图10(a)和10(b)是显示典型微流体处理结构设计的示意图。
图11(a)具有多根导电线路和接触垫片的柔性聚合物基片的上视图。
图11(b)在基片主表面上有多个微流体处理结构特征的柔性聚合物基片的上视图。
图12是将图11(a)所示的基片对准层压到图11(b)所示的基片上的上视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的特征是一种聚合物基的带有微流体处理结构的制品,用于处理(如分析)微流体样品,和制造这种制品的连续卷到卷方法。图1显示了该方法的一个实例(称为“连续流延和固化”方法)。参看图1,一可流动的,较佳的是基本上无溶剂的,可光致固化的树脂组合物10从模头12挤压到连续柔性光学透明的基片14的表面上。
用于基片14的适合材料的例子包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)聚碳酸酯、聚酯和聚酰亚胺。适合的可光致固化的树脂组合物的例子包括丙烯酸烷酯和甲基丙烯酸烷酯(如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)。这种组合物也包括光引发剂。适合的光引发剂的例子包括苯偶姻醚如苯偶姻甲醚和苯偶姻异丙醚;取代的乙酰苯如2,2-二乙氧基乙酰苯、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基-1-苯基乙酰苯和二甲氧基羟基乙酰苯;取代的α-酮醇,如2-甲基-2-羟基苯基乙基酮;芳族磺酰氯,如2-萘磺酰氯;和感光性肟,如1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮-2-(O-乙氧基羰基)肟。其它可加入到组合物中的组分包括一羟基和多羟基化合物,触变剂、增塑剂、增韧剂、颜料、填料、磨粒、稳定剂、光稳定剂、抗氧剂、流动剂、增稠剂、消光剂、着色剂、粘合剂、发泡剂、杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、表面活性剂、玻璃和陶瓷珠、和增强材料如有机或无机纤维的织造网和非织造网。
将树脂10和基片14与压模器16的压模表面接触,将所需的微流体处理结构图案压印到树脂层10的表面。如图1所示,压模器16是以卷形物的形式或是按顺时针方向旋转的环形带的形式。然而,其也可以是圆柱套筒的形式。可用各种不同的控制技术制备压模器,包括激光烧蚀控制、电子束蚀刻、光刻、X-射线光刻、机械滚花和划线。其带有所需的微流体处理结构图案。
特定结构的设计取决于用制品进行的操作。图10(a)、10(b)和11(b)显示了典型的设计。这些设计包括竞争测定芯片(图10(a))和梯式芯片(图10(b))和电泳芯片(图11(b))。该结构的特点是有微通道、流体储器和样品处理区域的各种组合。图10(a)和(b)中显示的单个微体系结构的尺寸为用于这些芯片的代表性的典型尺寸。任何芯片的特定尺寸是可变的。
使树脂层10与压模器16的旋转表面成线接触。线11是由树脂层10的上游边缘确定的,并且当压模器16旋转时,相对于压模器16和树脂层10移动。基片14保持与树脂层10接触,且树脂层也与压模器16的表面接触。将任何多余的树脂减至最小之后,将压模器16、基片14和树脂层10暴露于由辐射源18发出的光化辐射下,(较佳地为紫外辐射的形式)来固化仍与压模器16的压模表面接触的树脂组合物。辐射时间、剂量高低的选择取决于每种树脂组合物的特性,包括树脂层10的厚度。
如图1(a)所示,得到的产品20是两层的片,聚合物基片22带有多个微流体处理结构24,并整体地结合于基片14。压模后,可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到卷形物形式的产品。
也可用热固化树脂组合物作为可流动树脂组合物,实施流延和固化方法,在此情况下,则用热辐射源(如加热灯)替代光化辐射。
在这种方法的一种变化方式中,可用熔融的热塑树脂作为可流动树脂组合物。接触后冷却压模器和树脂的组合体,使树脂凝固(而不是固化的)。
也可按挤压压印方法制备微流体制品。图2-5显示了这种方法的各种不同的实例。参看如图2,从模头12直接挤压可流动树脂组合物到压模器16的旋转表面上,这样树脂与压模器16的旋转表面成线接触;适合的树脂组合物的例子包括上述可光致固化的、热固化的和热塑性树脂组合物。线由树脂的上游边缘确定,且当压模器16旋转时,它相对于压模器16和树脂移动。如图2(a)所示,结果得到的产品是薄片形式的单层制品26,其聚合物基片23是带有多个微流体处理结构24。可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的制品。
图3显示了图2所示的挤压压印方法的另一变化。如图3所示,将聚合物基片28引入压模区域(由压模器16确定的),并与压模器16的旋转压模表面成线接触。适合的用于基片28的材料包括上述用于基片14的那些材料。同样也可用非光学透明的基片。从模头12挤出可流动的树脂组合物(如上所述)到基片28的表面,基片28的反面与压模器16的压模表面成线接触。压模器16将多个微流体处理结构压印到基片28的表面上。得到的制品,如图3(a)所示,是两层薄片形式的制品30,其聚合物基片28上带有多个微流体处理结构24,并整体地结合于挤压到基片28上的树脂形成的聚合物层32。模塑后,可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的产品。
图4显示了图2所示的挤压压印方法的另一变化。如图4所示,从模头12挤压可流动的树脂组合物(如上所示)到压模器16的旋转表面上,使树脂与压模器16的旋转表面成线接触。如图2中所示的实例,线由树脂的上游边缘确定,并且当压模器16旋转时,它相对于压模器16和树脂移动。同时,将另一聚合物基片34引入到由压模器16所确定的压模区域,使其接触树脂。用于基片34的适合材料包括上述讨论的用于基片14的材料。也可用非光学透明基片。结果得到的制品是两层薄片的形式36,其中聚合物基片38上带有多个微流体处理结构24,其整体地结合于聚合物基片34。模塑后,可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的产品。
图5显示了挤压压印方法的另一实例。如图5所示,从模头12挤压出可流动的树脂组合物(如上所述)到压模器16的旋转表面上,使树脂与压模器16的旋转表面成线接触。如图2所示的实例,线由树脂的上游边缘确定,并且当压模器16旋转时,它相对于压模器16和树脂移动。从另一模头40挤压另一树脂到与压模器16接触的树脂层上。
结果得到的产品是两层制品42,它的形式为聚合物基片44上带有多个微流体处理结构24,其整体地结合于由从模头40挤压的树脂形成的聚合物基片46。模塑后,可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的产品。也可通过结合另一模头的挤压形成另一聚合物层。另外,可用带适合供料头的单个模头来共挤压多层聚合物层。
在另一实施例中,制品可通过基片压印方法制得。如图6所示,使单一的可压印的基片48与压模器16成线接触,直接在基片表面形成微流体处理结构。线11是由基片48的上游边缘(a)和辊50和压模器16的旋转表面之间形成的辊隙(b)的相交形成的。任选地,辊50可具有带有微流体处理结构图案的压模表面。结果得到的制品的基片在其两个主表面上都有多个微流体处理结构。
如图6(a)所示,结果得到的产品是单层薄片形式的制品52,它的聚合物基片48上带有多个微流体处理结构24。可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的产品。
图7显示了图6所示的压印方法的改变。如图7所示,使可压印的基片48与压模器16成线接触,直接在基片的表面形成微流体处理结构。由基片48的上游边缘(a)和辊50加上另一聚合物基片54和压模器16的旋转表面之间形成的辊隙(b)相交形成了线11。定位基片54使其与基片48的表面接触,基片48的反面与压模器16的压模表面接触。
图7(a)显示了得到的制品,为两层薄片形式的制品56,薄片的特点为聚合物基片48上带有多个微流体处理结构24,并整体地结合于聚合物基片54。可将该片卷绕在辊上(图上没有显示),得到成卷形物形式的产品。
模塑后,成“毛坯”形式的制品可用卷取辊卷取,并保存。为了组装可操作的微流体处理部件,将毛坯与分开的覆盖层结合,该覆盖层覆盖带有微流体处理结构的层。用这种形式,该部件可用于处理(如分析)微流体样品。
用于覆盖层的材料能够和带有微流体处理结构的基片形成液体密封。另外,存在试剂(如典型地用于样品分析的缓冲剂)时,这些材料抗降解,且宜将背景荧光和吸收减至最小;后一特性尤其可用于当部件与以荧光为基础的分析技术一起使用时。
覆盖层可以聚合物基片的形式,其结合于带有微流体处理结构的基片表面。适合的聚合物基片例子包括聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚乙烯和聚丙烯。可用压敏粘合剂(如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物粘合剂,可从Shell购得,商品名为“Kraton”的橡胶)、热熔粘合剂(如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯粘合剂)、带图形的粘合剂、或热固性粘合剂(如环氧树脂粘合剂)来粘合。粘合剂可以图案的形式铺设,从而在基片20的不连续位点形成粘合。结合也可通过将覆盖层直接层压或溶剂溶接到带有微流体处理结构的基片来实施。
也可用硬的覆盖层如玻璃覆盖层。另外,覆盖层也可是分析手段部分(制品设计成要使用该部分)。
图8显示了将覆盖层在线加到带有微流体处理结构的基片64上的优选方法。如图8所示,将制品64传送到位于压模区域下游的层压区域。该层压区域包括在辊66上的一柔性聚合物覆盖基片58。在层压区域,覆盖基片58被层压到辊60、66之间的制品64上。
虽然上述所有的制品的特征是在一个或两个主表面上带有多个微流体处理结构的单基片,也可制备这些基片结合在一起的多层制品。制造这种多层制品的一种方法是用带有微流体处理结构基片取代图8所示的覆盖基片。
可选择性地将薄膜无机涂层沉积到微流体处理结构部分上,如在微通道的内部表面。沉积可在制造过程中或后续的操作中在线进行。适合的沉积技术例子包括真空喷镀、电子束沉积、溶液沉积和化学蒸气沉积。
无机涂层可有各种不同的功能。例如,该涂层可用于增加微流体处理结构的亲水性或改善高温性能。运用某些涂层可促进将定尺寸的凝胶吸入电泳部件的微通道内。也可用导电涂层形成压电或蠕动泵的电极或隔膜。可用涂层作为不渗漏膜防止运用中(如气相色谱)的漏气。
也可在微流体处理结构的各个部分选择性地沉积试剂、生物探针、生物相容的涂层等。另外,这些材料也可按预先确定的图案沉积到层(设计为接触微流体处理结构的)的表面上。
制品较佳地包括一种或多种微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件。微电子元件的例子包括导电的线路、电极、电极片、微型加热器元件、静电传动泵和阀门、微型电动机械系统(MEMS)等。微光学元件的例子包括光波导、波导探测器、反射元件(如棱镜)、分束器、透镜元件、固态光源和探测器等。微机械元件的例子包括过滤器、阀门、泵、气动和液压路线等。这些微型元件可结合入覆盖层,或带有微流体处理结构的基片表面,另一结合于带有微流体处理结构基片的聚合物基片,或它们的组合。
微型元件有各种不同的功能。例如,可将与微流体处理结构中特殊位点的流体接触的微电子元件设计成高度控制地电动推进液体通过结构。这些微电子元件能够进行一些操作,如电动注射、毛细管电泳和等电聚焦,以及更复杂的操作如将精确量的试剂传递到运用中的(如毛细管类电泳和组合化学)一个或多个样品处理区域。
也可设计接触流体的微电子元件形成可寻址的电子矩阵,用于自由场电泳分类带电的生物物种,如细胞、核酸碎片和抗原。也可用与特定位点流体接触的微电子元件以电化学方法探测物种。
也可设计不与流体接触的微型元件。例如,可设计微电子元件与微流体处理结构非常地接近,这样就可用它们来加热或冷却流体样品,或在整个微流体处理结构建立不同温度的区域。再用这些区域维持运用(如PCR扩增核酸和组合化学试验)所需的热循环。另外,也可设计微电子元件非常接近微流体处理结构,以形成天线来探测AC阻抗变化,用于探测在微流体分离系统中的分析物。
有一些不同的方法将微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件结合到带有微流体处理结构的制品上。例如,可将微元件结合到覆盖层70上,然后在如上所述结合到基片68上。图9(a)和9(b)显示了涉及微电子元件的这种配置。覆盖层70一个表面结合于基片68的带有微流体处理结构的表面。图9(a)和9(b)显示了微流体处理结构,包括进口72、流体储器74、和微通道38。覆盖层70的特征是与储器74(在导电电路78的终端)相通的导电的通道76。线路78当作电极对储器74施加电压在整个微流体处理结构中推进流体,或其中的组分。如图9(b)所示,通道76可用金属装满而形成与储器74相通的导电“凸起”80。
另一将微电子元件结合到制品的方法,包括提供带有一系列导电线路的柔性聚合物基片(如线路由镍、金、铂、钯、铜、导电的含银油墨、或导电的含碳油墨制成),然后在该基片表面形成微流体处理结构。适合的基片例子包括Klun等人的U.S.5,227,008和Gerber等人的U.S.5,601,678中所公开的。然后将这些基片做成带有微流体处理结构的基片。
可由若干方法形成微流体处理结构。例如,可按照图6所示的压印方法,可使带有导电线路的基片表面与压模表面带有所需的微流体处理结构图案的压模器接触。接触后,压印基片在带有导电线路的同一表面形成了微流体处理结构。设计这种线路图案和压模表面,使导电线路与微流体处理结构的适当的细部紧密配合。
也可用相同的压模器,将微流体处理结构压印到基片的与带有导电线路表面相反的表面上。在这种情况中,在压印将导电线路连接于微流体处理结构的适合结构之前,对不带有线路的表面提供一系列导电通道或通孔。
另外,也可用如带组成图案的粘合剂将带有微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件的分开的聚合物基片结合于带有微流体处理结构的聚合物基片的表面,从而导电线路与微流体处理结构的适合细部紧密配合。
也可按图1、3、4和7所示的方法,将微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件加入分开的聚合物基片(其结合于带有微流体处理结构的基片)。为实现这一目的,将在一主表面带有一系列导电通道和凸起的柔性基片用作基片14、28、34或54。然后如上所述,将微流体处理结构模塑到基片的带有通道和凸起的表面上。
也可将微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件加入分开的聚合物基片(其模塑后层压到带有微流体处理结构的基片上)。
另一用微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件制品的方法,包括取一表面带有微流体处理结构的聚合物基片,和插入导电的接线柱或插头穿过反面;另外,可用一Z-轴导电粘合剂(如Z-轴粘合剂膜7303,可从3M Company of St.Paul,MN购得)。然后可将该制品加压安装到线路板上。在这一方法的变化方式中,可插入导电接线柱或插头穿过覆盖在微流体处理结构基片上的覆盖层,以提供电连接。
用微电子、微光学和/或微机械元件装备制品的另一方法,包括取在一表面带有微流体处理结构的聚合物基片,和用常规的金属沉积和光刻技术,直接将导电金属电路图案沉积到该表面上。
该制品可用于进行一系列程序,包括分析程序。含有大量不连续微流体处理结构的卷形物可直接用于连续的卷到卷的方法。对于该方法,将卷形物连续地提供给微流体样品分配器,其将微流体样品注射到每个微流体处理结构的入口。然后对这些样品进行相应的处理(如分析)。另外,可将卷形物切开形成大量适用于间歇方法的单个部件。
由以下实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例
实施例1
两个分开的膜卷,每个含有大量的微流体处理结构,是用带微型结构的环形带形式的镍模具制备的。设计其中的一个模具带有图10(a)所示的微流体处理结构图案,另一则带有图10(b)所示的图案。该模具的制备是通过用准分子激光器烧蚀聚酰亚胺基片产生所需的图案,然后电镀带图案的区域形成带指明图案的镍模具。然后将该模具用于连续挤压压印步骤生产如下的制品。
将可从Mobay Corporation of Pittsburgh,PA购得的MarkrolonTM 2407的聚碳酸酯粒料流延到受热的含有肋条(50μm高,64μm宽)的带微结构的镍模具表面上。这些肋条相应于最终模塑制品中的微通道。这些肋条排布的方式,使它们与若干储器(如图10(a)和10(b)所画的,50μm高,4mm直径)相通。这些镍模具的厚度为508μm,模具温度为210℃。在约1.66×107帕斯卡的压力下,将在282℃熔融的聚碳酸酯,以与模具表面成线接触的形式传送到镍模具,时间为0.7秒,以复制模具表面上的图案。重合形成复制图案,将其它的聚碳酸酯熔覆到位于模具(厚度约为103.9μm)上的连续聚合物基片。然后用空气冷却模具、基片和熔融的聚碳酸酯组合体18秒,至温度约为48.9℃,从而使聚碳酸酯固化。然后从模具表面取下得到的模塑产品。
实施例2
将实施例1所述的模具加热到199-207℃。传送聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)粒料(从Rohm and Haas Co.of Philadelphia,PA购得的PlexiglassTM DR 101),条件是在271℃、1.1×107帕斯卡压力下,使聚合物与镍模具的聚合物成线接触,时间为0.7秒。重合形成复制图案,将其它的聚碳酸酯熔覆到位于模具(厚度约为212.1μm)上的连续聚合基片。然后用空气冷却模具、聚合物基片和熔融的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)组合体18秒,至温度约为48.9℃,从而使聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)固化。然后从模具表面取下得到的模塑产品。
实施例3
制备可紫外光辐射固化的共混物,它是59.5重量份PhotomerTM 316(可从Henkel Corp.of Ambler,PA购得的环氧二丙烯酸酯低聚物)、39.5重量份PhotomerTM4035(可从Henkel Corp.of Ambler,PA购得的2-丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯单体)和1重量份DarocurTM 1173光引发剂(Ciba Additives,Tarrytown,NY)的共混物。然后将该共混物层压在被加热到66℃的实施例1所述的模具和0.5mm厚的聚碳酸酯薄片(可从General Electric Corp.of Pittsfield,MA购得,注册商标为“Lexan”)之间。用手工操作的墨辊将树脂厚度减至最小。将得到的结构置于传送带上,在600瓦特/英寸的高强度的紫外灯(由Fusion UV System,Inc.of Gaithersburg,MD提供的“D”灯)下以每分钟7.6米的速度传送,以固化树脂。然后从模具上取下固化的制品,其特征为带有微流体处理结构的聚合物基片整体地结合于聚碳酸酯基片。
实施例4
本实施例描述了,制备特征为带有多个微流体处理结构的聚合物基片与带有微电子元件的聚合物基片组合的微流部件。
如图11(b)所示的聚合物基片114,带有多个交叉的狗骨形微流体处理结构116,是通过用镍模具(用实施例1所述的一般步骤制备的)在压机中模塑聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)膜(DRG-100,Rohm和Haas)而制得的。如图11(a)所示,该模具尺寸为16.5cm×19cm×0.5mm(厚度),包括五个不同的交叉狗骨形微流体处理结构116。在199℃,3.5×106帕斯卡压力下,将该膜和模具彼此接触15秒,之后将压力增至6.2×106帕斯卡达10分钟。此后,将温度减到74℃,并维持压力为6.2×106帕斯卡达15秒。结果得到的模压基片114有五个不同的交叉狗骨形微流体处理结构116,每个带有一个长为28.5mm的长通道并交叉一个长为9mm的短通道。每个通道末端带有直径5mm的流体储器。通道和储器都是50μm深。五个结构的通道宽度都是不同的,分别为64、32、16、8和4μm。在每个储器的中心钻出直径为1mm的入口。
如下制备带有多个微电子线路元件的柔性聚合物基片100(如图11(b)所示)。用氧化铬粘结层蒸汽涂覆聚酰亚胺薄片(可从DuPont得到,商品名为“KaptonE”),然后蒸汽涂覆2μm的铜。然后按制造公司说明,用印刷电路板转移抗蚀剂(购自Techniks Inc.,Ringoes,NJ,名称为“Press-n-Peel”),将微电子线路图形印到镀铜的聚酰亚胺上。得到的基片100包括六个相同的微电子线路图形,每个有四根导电铜线路110。每个线路110终止于接触垫片112。
印好电子线路图形后,用铜蚀刻浴除去裸露的铜。然后用氧化铬蚀刻剂蚀刻氧化铬粘结层,用丙酮洗涤除去转移抗蚀剂。得到的铜线路为500μm宽,在周边小突出部位有5mm2的接触垫片。
如下将基片100层压到基片114,制造微流体制品118(如图12所示)。切割基片100和基片114制作单独的部件。将双面胶带(胶带9443,可从3M Company,St.Paul,MN购得)做孔,相应于交叉狗骨形微流体处理结构116上的流体储器。然后将每个微流体处理结构116层压到基片100的线路上,使基片100带线路的面与基片114带微流体处理结构的面紧密配合,让铜线路110和微流体处理结构的流体储器接触。用夹辊进行层压,使两个基片的层压成线接触。然后用得到的微流体制品118来证实如下的电动注射和电泳分离。
用4mM Na2B4O7缓冲液(pH9.0)浸没微流体处理结构116。用20微摩尔的荧光指示染料(溶解于相同的缓冲液)装满分析物储器。通过与电脑控制的电压控制线路相连的接触垫片112对四个储器施加电压。用带CCD摄像机(PanasonicCL 354,Panasonic Industrial Co.,Secaucus,NJ)的Leica DMRX表射荧光显微镜(epifiuorescence microscope)(Leica Inc.,Deerfield,IL)监测流体通道内荧光指示染料的移动。对于微量(pinched)样品注射来说,将四个储器的电压调到从分析物、样品和废液储器到分析物废液储器形成电压梯度。这就让荧光素染料很好地从分析物储器流经注射三通到分析物废液储器。来自分离通道和来自缓冲液储器的缓冲液缓慢流动,产生了在注射三通的约180pL荧光素溶液的梯形塞。通过转换电压做到将该塞注入分离通道,使液流主要从缓冲液储器沿分离通道往下流到废液储器。观察到一荧光素染料的密团沿分离通道往下移动。
本实施例用荧光素和钙黄绿素的混合物重复过。在该试验中,将混合团注射入分离通道导致这两个物质的快速电泳分离。

Claims (21)

1.一种制备模塑制品的方法,其特征在于,包括:
(a)提供可模塑的材料和包括模塑表面的敞模成型模具;
(b)使可模塑的材料和敞模成型模具的模塑表面彼此成线接触,并将微流体处理结构图案压印到所述的可模塑材料上,从而形成至少带有一个模塑制品,该制品具有以预定的自载图案方式排列的一个或多个流体处理结构和至少一个尺寸不大于约1000μm的结构;和
(c)从所述的模塑表面取下所述的模塑制品。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可模塑材料包括可压印的聚合物基片。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可压印基片还包括微电子元件、微光学元件或微机械元件。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可模塑材料包括可流动的树脂组合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可流动树脂组合物包括可固化的树脂组合物,所述的方法包括在从所述的模塑表面取下所述的模塑制品前,将所述的组合物暴露于热或光化辐射下以固化所述的组合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可固化树脂组合物包括可光致聚合物树脂组合物,所述的方法包括在从所述的模塑表面取下所述的模塑制品前,将所述的组合物暴露于光化辐射下以固化所述的组合物。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的可流动树脂组合物包括熔融的热塑性组合物,所述的方法包括在从所述的模塑表面取下所述的模塑制品前,冷却所述的组合物。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括将所述的可流动树脂引到聚合物基片的主表面上,相对地移动所述的聚合物基片和所述的模具,使所述的模具和所述的可流动树脂组合物彼此成线接触。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物基片还包括微电子元件、微光学元件、微机械元件。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括将所述的可流动树脂组合物引到模塑表面上。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法还包括将所述的可流动树脂组合物结合于聚合物基片上。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物基片包括微电子元件、微光学元件、微机械元件。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法还包括将包括微电子元件、微光学元件、或微机械元件的聚合物基片结合于所述的模塑制品。
14.如权利要求1或13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法还包括将基片结合于所述的模塑制品,在所述的微流体处理结构上形成覆盖层。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的基片包括聚合物基片。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的基片还包括微电子元件、微光学元件或微机械元件。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括连续地将可模塑材料引到由所述的模具确定的模塑区域上,并连续使可模塑的材料和所述模具的模塑区域表面彼此成线接触,从而形成多个微流体处理结构。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括制造所述的制品,该制品为卷形物形式且包括多个微流体处理结构。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法还包括连续将包括微电子元件、微光学元件或微机械元件的聚合物基片结合于所述的模塑制品。
20.如权利要求17-19任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法还包括连续将聚合物基片结合于所述的模塑制品,以形成在所述的微流体处理结构上的覆盖层。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物基片还包括微电子元件、微光学元件、或微机械元件。
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