CN100368674C - 内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞 - Google Patents
内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100368674C CN100368674C CNB038228394A CN03822839A CN100368674C CN 100368674 C CN100368674 C CN 100368674C CN B038228394 A CNB038228394 A CN B038228394A CN 03822839 A CN03822839 A CN 03822839A CN 100368674 C CN100368674 C CN 100368674C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cooling channel
- hole
- described hole
- crown
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
- F02F3/225—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid the liquid being directed into blind holes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞,其活塞头部(1)由锻钢制成,包括活塞顶部(2)上的燃烧室(3)、带有活塞环带(11)的活塞环槽(4)、与活塞环带11水平的圆形闭式冷却通道7,其中,活塞裙部(9)与固定到活塞头部(1)上的活塞销座(12)相连。其加工成本低、活塞的形状稳定性好的原因在于冷却通道(7)有沿着其圆周向活塞顶部(2)分布的数个孔(14),孔间有一定间距,这样孔(14)之间的活塞材料可为活塞顶部(2)形成支撑肋片(8)。
Description
技术领域
该发明涉及内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞,该活塞头部由锻钢制成,其顶部有一个燃烧室、一个活塞环槽以及一个与活塞环水平的圆形闭式冷却通道,其中活塞裙部与活塞销座相连,活塞销座与活塞头部固定在一起。
背景技术
从EP 0 799373 B1和DE 100 13 395 C1等专利中,大家熟知了普通的单部件冷却通道活塞。那些专利中描述了这样的活塞,通过锻造加工活塞毛坯,环形凹陷及底部开放式的冷却通道通过金属切削方法加工,然后活塞的外部轮廓通过精加工完成。在EP 0799 373 B1中,环形凹陷的轴向高度至少相当于冷却通道的轴向高度。这就需要钩形旋转工具插入凹陷加工底部开放的冷却通道,而且冷却通道必需通过适当的轴向及径向进给掏空成其规定的形状。
这些活塞的缺点在于钩形旋转工具的高度决定可完成的冷却通道的高度,因此活塞顶部的散热量与壁厚成因果关系。为增加冷却通道的高度或减小冷却通道与活塞顶部之间的壁厚,用于插旋转工具的凹陷必需要增大,然而这又会导致不希望的活塞高度的增加。
另一方面,由于前述的原因,壁厚减小会降低活塞的稳定性。所以,就其高度和现代柴油机在承受高爆发压力及温度所需要的稳定性方面来讲,上述活塞加工方法和活塞设计不适用于活塞的改进。
发明内容
所以本发明的目的是为单部件冷却通道活塞提供一种活塞改进设计概念,而且可低成本加工高度低的活塞,使用这种方法可有效克服由于高温、高压所造成的活塞变形。
解决这个问题的特别之处在于,活塞头部加工成形的冷却通道有沿着其周边朝向活塞顶部的孔,孔间有一定间隔,这样孔间的活塞材料就成为活塞顶部的支撑肋片。
采用这种方式加工活塞,至少部分冷却通道可更靠近活塞顶部或燃烧室加工,而且仍然具有极好的形状稳定性及低的活塞高度。另外,支撑肋片的布置可在冷却通道内实现某种特殊形式的孔腔,即可产生摇动区域,借此可延长冷却油的驻留时间,所以可强化需要冷却的活塞区域的散热效果。特别是,可通过增加冷却通道内燃烧辐射冲击活塞顶部部位的孔数来进一步提高冷却效果。
以下段落的主题是其优点的详细说明。
附图说明
下面依据实施例更详细地解释本发明。有关附图如下:
图1是本发明活塞在活塞销方向的横截面图;
图2是本发明活塞沿图1线II的仰视截面图;
图3是本发明活塞垂直活塞销方向的横截面图;
图4是本发明活塞沿着图1中线IV-IV的截面图;
图5是本发明活塞的透视图;
图6是本发明活塞沿着图1中线IV-IV的另一实施例的截面图。参数符号
活塞头部 1 活塞顶部 2
燃烧室 3 活塞环槽 4
冷却油进口 5 冷却通道 7
支撑肋片 8 活塞裙部 9
冷却油出口 10 活塞环带 11
活塞销座 12 冷却通道盖 13
孔 14 纵向活塞轴线 K
活塞主轴线 KH 冷却通道高度 H
孔14的深度 HB
具体实施方式
依据本发明,单部件冷却通道活塞包括一个锻钢或可锻铝合金制作的活塞头部1(在该活塞头部1的活塞顶部2上有燃烧室3)、一个带有活塞环带11的活塞环槽4、以及一个与活塞环带11水平的圆形闭式冷却通道7,其中活塞裙部9与固定到活塞头部1上的活塞销座12相连。活塞的加工与EP 0799373B 1一致,在用盖13封闭冷却通道7之前,本实施例在冷却通道7中提供孔14,这些孔沿着周边对称布置并以活塞顶部方向定位,即,平行于纵向活塞轴线K。孔14的深度hB不超过冷却通道7高度H的1/4,这样可确保冷却油的循环不受妨碍。这种设计形式可为冷却油创造摇动区域,可增强冷却效果。
冷却油进口5及冷却油出口10在一个包含双作用弹性元件的冷却通道盖13内相对布置,冷却通道7在其向活塞裙部9敞开的端部借助冷却通道盖13关闭。
如图3和4所示,孔14之间的材料区域形成支撑肋片8,其宽度由孔的间距决定。在冷却通道7中,孔14在圆周方向形成间距,这样间距至少相当于孔14直径的一半,而且孔的直径都相同。当然,本领域的技术人员可以使用不同的孔径,使间距相当于最大孔径的一半可克服发动机运行过程中活塞的任何变形。
如图4所示,孔14及支撑肋片8沿着冷却通道7的圆周径向对称布置。在另一个实施例中(图未示),孔14的数目及支撑肋片的伸展方向可这样布置,在最大/最小推力方向D或GD上可比横向方向布置更多数量的支撑肋片,即,在冷却通道7中可得到肋片在圆周方向的不对称分布。如果支撑肋片以由主活塞轴KH形成的I-IV象限为特征,则在冷却通道7中,孔14及支撑肋片8可以在一个象限内以对称(图4)、非对称或部分对称(图6)分布方式形成,或者依据活塞顶部局部温度分布确定。特别是,可通过在冷却通道7中来自燃烧燃料的热辐射直接作用活塞顶部2的区域中孔的数量来进一步提高冷却效果。这样在活塞负荷变化时可更好地克服应变张力。
如图4和6所示,孔14可设计成圆孔,或者是长边沿着活塞中心向活塞壁径向向外的细长孔(图未示)。这些孔在布置上的不同安排,可得到孔的不同间距,支撑肋片8设计上所用的材料也要相应增加。孔的间距最重要的一点在于,在圆周方向上孔的中心线之间的距离要至少相当于所用最大孔径的一半。
为进一步影响燃烧室3的散热情况,孔14的端部可做成圆形,或如图1所示成一定的角度。
如图1所示,孔14的轴线可布置成平行于活塞纵向轴线K和/或,即,以锐角形式与指向活塞顶部2或燃烧室3的孔结合。
Claims (5)
1.内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞,具有锻钢制成的活塞头部(1),包括在活塞顶部(2)上的燃烧室(3)、带有活塞环带(11)的活塞环槽(4)、与活塞环带(11)水平的圆形闭式冷却通道(7),活塞裙部(9)与固定到活塞头部(1)上的活塞销座(12)相连,以及该活塞在冷却通道内具有朝向活塞顶部的数个孔,
其特征在于,所述孔(14)只设在冷却通道(7)内沿着其周边,燃烧辐射冲击活塞顶部(2)的部位上,其中所述孔(14)的轴线与活塞纵向轴线(K)成锐角,以及所述孔(14)间隔分布,使得孔(14)间的活塞材料可为活塞顶部(2)形成支撑肋片(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述孔(14)在冷却通道(7)的圆周方向上的间距至少是孔(14)直径的一半。
3.根据权利要求2所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述孔(14)的孔径相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述孔(14)的深度(hB)不超过冷却通道(7)总高度(H)的四分之一。
5.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述孔(14)的形状为圆柱形或细长形。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10244510.9 | 2002-09-25 | ||
DE10244510A DE10244510A1 (de) | 2002-09-25 | 2002-09-25 | Einteiliger Kühlkanalkolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1685142A CN1685142A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
CN100368674C true CN100368674C (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
Family
ID=31502553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB038228394A Expired - Fee Related CN100368674C (zh) | 2002-09-25 | 2003-09-19 | 内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6698392B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1546536B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006501392A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050057589A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100368674C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0314798B1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10244510A1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1078916A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004029443A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10301367A1 (de) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-07-29 | Mahle Gmbh | Verfahren zum Einbringen von Shakerbohrungen in den Kühlkanal eines einteiligen Kolbens |
FR2854089B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-05-19 | Semt Pielstick | Procede de fabrication d'un piston, outillage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede et piston ainsi obtenu |
US7104183B2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-09-12 | Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc. | One-piece steel piston |
DE102004038946A1 (de) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kühlkanalkolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit Wärmerohren |
DE102004038945A1 (de) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Leichtmetallkolben mit Wärmerohren |
DE102006027810A1 (de) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kolbens sowie damit hergestellter Kolben |
JP5063634B2 (ja) | 2009-03-12 | 2012-10-31 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関のピストン |
JP6226866B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-29 | 2017-11-08 | フェデラル−モーグル・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーFederal−Mogul Llc | 下方クラウン支持特徴を備えたピストン |
US9670871B2 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Two-part steel piston for internal combustion engines |
WO2013179146A1 (de) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Einteiliger geschmiedeter kolben und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US10787991B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2020-09-29 | Tenneco Inc. | Complex-shaped forged piston oil galleries |
EP2956653B1 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2020-04-29 | Tenneco Inc. | Complex-shaped piston oil galleries with piston crowns made by cast metal or powder metal processes |
US9334958B2 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-05-10 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Complex-shaped forged piston oil galleries |
DE102013009155A1 (de) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
DE202013102921U1 (de) | 2013-07-03 | 2014-10-06 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Zweiteiliger Kühlkanalkolben |
US10584659B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2020-03-10 | Tenneco Inc | Robust, lightweight, low compression height piston and method of construction thereof |
US20170058824A1 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Piston with low overall height |
US10316790B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-06-11 | TennecoInc. | Piston ring-belt structural reinforcement via additive machining |
DE102016225637A1 (de) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-21 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines einteiligen Kolbens für einen Verbrennungsmotor durch Schmieden |
CN109268495B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-07-10 | 滨州渤海活塞有限公司 | 一种钢活塞与活塞销的组合及其加工工艺 |
DE102021128792B3 (de) | 2021-11-05 | 2022-07-07 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Kolben für einen Hubkolbenmotor, entsprechender Motor und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR954188A (fr) * | 1947-10-02 | 1949-12-20 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Piston en métal léger pour moteurs à combustion interne |
GB1510578A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1978-05-10 | Sulzer Ag | Liquid-cooled pistons for internal combustion engines |
EP0373689A1 (de) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-20 | KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft | Kolben mit Ölkühlung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE4010062A1 (de) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-10-02 | Mahle Gmbh | Gekuehlter tauchkolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren mit voneinander getrenntem kolbenoberteil und kolbenschaft |
US5086736A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1992-02-11 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston head with bores |
WO1996020340A1 (de) * | 1994-12-24 | 1996-07-04 | Mahle Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines einteiligen kühlkanalkolbens |
DE10013395C1 (de) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-08-02 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kühlkanalkolbens, insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor, sowie ein danach hergestellter einteiliger Kühlkanalkolben |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3240193A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-03-15 | Gen Motors Corp | Piston and piston cooling means |
JPS57129237A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1982-08-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Piston of internal combustion engine |
DE3444661A1 (de) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-12 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Fluessigkeitsgekuehlter kolben |
DE3708377A1 (de) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-10-01 | Mahle Gmbh | Oelgekuehlter kolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
DE3709969A1 (de) * | 1987-03-26 | 1988-10-06 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | Kolben mit fluessigkeitskuehlung |
US5144884A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1992-09-08 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Two-part piston assembly device |
DE4120850A1 (de) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-01-07 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | Gebauter, oelgekuehlter kolben fuer dieselmotoren |
DE19522756A1 (de) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-02 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | Tauchkolben für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE19926568A1 (de) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-14 | Mahle Gmbh | Gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren |
US6286414B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-09-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Compact one piece cooled piston and method |
-
2002
- 2002-09-25 DE DE10244510A patent/DE10244510A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-11 US US10/270,256 patent/US6698392B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-19 BR BRPI0314798-3A patent/BR0314798B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-19 KR KR1020057005251A patent/KR20050057589A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-19 JP JP2004538730A patent/JP2006501392A/ja active Pending
- 2003-09-19 EP EP03769202A patent/EP1546536B1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-19 WO PCT/DE2003/003116 patent/WO2004029443A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-09-19 DE DE50311581T patent/DE50311581D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-19 CN CNB038228394A patent/CN100368674C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 HK HK05110759A patent/HK1078916A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR954188A (fr) * | 1947-10-02 | 1949-12-20 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Piston en métal léger pour moteurs à combustion interne |
GB1510578A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1978-05-10 | Sulzer Ag | Liquid-cooled pistons for internal combustion engines |
EP0373689A1 (de) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-20 | KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft | Kolben mit Ölkühlung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE4010062A1 (de) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-10-02 | Mahle Gmbh | Gekuehlter tauchkolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren mit voneinander getrenntem kolbenoberteil und kolbenschaft |
US5086736A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1992-02-11 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston head with bores |
WO1996020340A1 (de) * | 1994-12-24 | 1996-07-04 | Mahle Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines einteiligen kühlkanalkolbens |
US5778533A (en) * | 1994-12-24 | 1998-07-14 | Mahle Gmbh | Method of producing a one-part cooling duct piston |
DE10013395C1 (de) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-08-02 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kühlkanalkolbens, insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor, sowie ein danach hergestellter einteiliger Kühlkanalkolben |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050057589A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
DE10244510A1 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
CN1685142A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
DE50311581D1 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
JP2006501392A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
EP1546536B1 (de) | 2009-06-03 |
BR0314798B1 (pt) | 2012-10-02 |
EP1546536A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
BR0314798A (pt) | 2005-07-26 |
HK1078916A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 |
WO2004029443A1 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
US6698392B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN100368674C (zh) | 内燃机用单部件冷却通道活塞 | |
CN100390395C (zh) | 内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 | |
US10590884B2 (en) | Steel piston with cooling gallery and method of construction thereof | |
US4180027A (en) | Two-piece oil-cooled piston | |
US4161165A (en) | Piston for an internal combustion engine | |
EP2710247B1 (en) | Steel pistons with cooling gallery | |
US4377967A (en) | Two-piece piston assembly | |
CN100353046C (zh) | 内燃机多部件冷却型活塞 | |
EP3240950B1 (en) | Reduced compression height dual gallery piston, piston assembly therewith and methods of construction thereof | |
CN107646068B (zh) | 坚固、轻量、低压缩高度的活塞及其构造方法 | |
US3508531A (en) | Arrangement of cylinder and piston in engine | |
US20020162448A1 (en) | Liquid-cooled piston | |
US9797337B2 (en) | Oil-cooled piston for an internal combustion engine | |
US5081967A (en) | Piston with separate head and skirt | |
CN102072039A (zh) | 内燃机的冷却结构 | |
US4502422A (en) | High output oil cooled floating piston | |
US5086736A (en) | Piston head with bores | |
US5839352A (en) | Articulated piston | |
US10753311B2 (en) | Piston for internal combustion engine | |
US6840156B1 (en) | Piston with cast-in undercrown pins for increased heat dissipation | |
KR910005635B1 (ko) | 내연기관용 피스톤 | |
EP3295003B1 (en) | A piston for a four-stroke internal combustion engine and a four-stroke internal combustion engine | |
AU735410B2 (en) | Internal combustion engine piston | |
US5906182A (en) | Engine piston | |
US6035813A (en) | Engines of reciprocating piston type |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1078916 Country of ref document: HK |
|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: GR Ref document number: 1078916 Country of ref document: HK |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080213 Termination date: 20180919 |