CN100390395C - 内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 - Google Patents
内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0084—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
- F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其锻钢制成的活塞上部(1)是由在活塞顶部的燃烧室(3)、具有活塞环带(11)的活塞环壁(4)组成;其活塞下部(2)是由活塞裙部(9)、活塞销座(12),其用于安装将活塞(20)和连杆连接的活塞销、与活塞裙部(9)连接的活塞销座支撑(6)组成;形成于活塞上部(1)中的冷却通道(7)有沿其圆周并朝向活塞顶部分布的孔(14),孔(14)之间的活塞材料形成支撑肋(8),其每个支撑肋向着活塞纵轴线(K)呈放射状形成环形肋(5)的若干部分;活塞下部(2)有圆环形的承载肋(10),其接合面连接到活塞销座支撑(6)上,活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过环形肋(5)和承载肋(10)的接合面不可拆卸地连接在一起,冷却通道(7)由冷却通道盖(13)封闭。因而制造成本低、形状稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞,在其顶部有铸钢制作的活塞上部,其包括燃烧室、具有环形带的环壁;和活塞下部,其包括活塞裙部、活塞销座,活塞销座用于安装将活塞连到连杆上的活塞销;活塞销座支撑部,其与活塞裙部相连;及生产这种类型活塞的方法。
背景技术
JP61175255A公开了内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞。该活塞在活塞的环形带的高度上具有许多肋,在这些肋之间设置着绝热板以使从燃烧室到环形带的传热最小。
WO00/77379A1公开了另一种内燃机活塞,该活塞具有壁部,该壁部具有许多横向壁,这些横向壁由薄金属片形成并且沿着径向设置以改善冷却通道的散热效果。
上面这些设计不适合活塞在现代柴油机中所遇到的关于高点火压力和温度的稳定性的改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为多部件冷却型活塞提供活塞设计理念,这种冷却活塞可以确保低成本制造,并且可以有效地克服由于高气压和温度的影响而产生的活塞变形。
为解决这个问题,本发明的特别之处在于,在活塞上部形成的冷却通道有沿其圆周向着活塞顶部方向分布的孔,这些孔间的活塞材料就形成支撑肋,其每个支撑肋向活塞纵向轴线(K)呈放射状形成全圆形(all-round)环形肋5的若干部分。活塞下部有一个圆环形承载肋,其连接面固定在活塞销座支撑部。活塞上部和活塞下部依靠环形肋和承载肋的连接面,通过焊接方式不可拆卸地连接在一起,其冷却通道由冷却通道盖封闭。
本发明的优点是,采用这种方式加工的活塞,其冷却通道可以更加靠近活塞顶部或燃烧室,但是仍然具有极好的形状稳定性。另外,支撑肋的这种分布影响了在冷却通道内腔室的形成,即可产生摇动区域,借此可延长冷却油的驻留时间,所以可提高需要冷却的活塞区域的散热效果。
有利的实施例构成了从属权利要求的主要部分。
下面根据实施例来更加详细地解释本发明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的活塞沿活塞销方向的剖视图;
图2是本发明活塞的沿着图1的线II-II方向的剖视图;
图3是在第一和第二实施例中,本发明活塞的沿活塞销方向的横向剖视图;
图4是本发明活塞的沿着图1的线IV-IV方向的剖视图;
图5是本发明活塞的透视图;
图6是另一个实施例中,本发明活塞的沿着图1的线IV-IV方向的剖视图。
附图标记说明:
20 多部件冷却型活塞 1 活塞上部
2 活塞下部 3 燃烧室
4 活塞环壁 5 环形肋
6 活塞销座支撑部 7 冷却通道
8 支撑肋 9 活塞裙部
10 承载肋 11 活塞环带
12 活塞销座 13 冷却通道盖
hB 孔14的深度 KH 活塞主轴线
H 冷却通道高度 K 活塞纵向轴线
具体实施方式
根据本发明,如图5所示,多部件冷却型活塞20包括铸造活塞上部1,其包括燃烧室3,具有活塞环形带11的活塞环壁4,冷却通道7;及活塞下部2,其包括活塞裙部9和活塞销座支撑部6。根据该实施例,在冷却通道7中设置孔14,这些孔沿着圆周对称分布并向活塞顶部方向定位,即平行于活塞纵向轴线K。孔14的深度hB不超过冷却通道7总高度H的一半,这样可以确保冷却油的循环不受阻碍。这种设计形式为冷却油提供摇动区域,其提高冷却效果。在图中未示出进油口和出油口。借助于冷却通道盖13,其具有双作用弹簧元件(用于进/出油口),冷却通道7在其端部向活塞顶部打开时关闭。
如图3和4所示,孔14之间称为支撑肋8的材料区域,呈放射状向活塞纵轴K方向与环形肋5的若干部分结合,二者共同构成了环形肋5。如图4所示,孔14及支撑肋8沿着冷却通道7的圆周方向放射状对称分布。在另外一个实施例(未示出)中,孔14的数目及支撑肋8的这样分布,在主要/次要推力方向(D或GD)上,可比横向方向设置更多数量的支撑肋,即在冷却通道7圆周侧部上非对称分布。如果支撑肋8以I-IV象限为特征由活塞主轴线KH形成,则在冷却通道7中,孔14及支撑肋8可在一个象限内以对称(图4)、非对称(未示出)或部分对称(图6)分布方式获得,或者依据活塞顶部局部温度分布确定。其结果,在负荷变化时,可更好地克服活塞的温度和张力应变。孔14可如图4和6所示,设计成圆孔,或者是长边沿着活塞中心到活塞壁径向方向的细长孔(未示出)。这些孔分布上的不同实施例,可得到孔的不同间距,因此设计作为支撑肋8上所用的材料强度也相应增加。为进一步影响燃烧室3的散热情况,孔14的端部可做成圆形,或如图1所示成一定的角度。
如图1所示,孔14的轴线可设置成平行于活塞纵向轴线K,也可以结合锐角形式指向燃烧室3的孔14。
如图3所示,圆环形承载肋10由活塞销座支撑部6形成,其几何尺寸与环形肋5相当。活塞上部1和活塞下部2依靠承载肋10和环形肋5通过焊接方式牢牢地固定在一起,活塞上部1可由抗氧化、耐热材料制成,活塞下部2可由淀积硬化铁素体-珠光体钢(precipitation-hardeningferritic-perlitic steel)或回火钢(tempered steel)制成。
Claims (8)
1.内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞,包括活塞上部(1)铸钢制成,其包括燃烧室(3)、具有活塞环带(11)的活塞环壁(4);活塞下部(2),包括活塞裙部(9)和活塞销座(12),活塞销座(12)用于安装将活塞(20)与连杆相连的活塞销,活塞销座支撑部(6)固定在活塞裙部(9)上;
其特征在于:
在活塞上部(1)中形成的冷却通道(7)有沿其圆周向着活塞顶部方向分布的孔(14),孔(14)之间的活塞材料形成支撑肋(8),其每个支撑肋向活塞纵向轴线(K)呈放射状形成环形肋(5)的若干部分;
活塞下部(2)有一个圆环形承载肋(10),其接合面固定在活塞销座支撑部(6)上;
活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过环形肋(5)及承载肋(10)的接合面不可拆卸地连接在一起;
冷却通道(7)由冷却通道盖(13)密封。
2.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)对称和/或非对称地径向分布在冷却通道(7)的圆周上。
3.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的深度(hB)不超过冷却通道(7)总高度(H)的一半。
4.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的至少部分轴线与活塞纵轴线(K)平行。
5.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的轴线与活塞纵轴线(K)成锐角。
6.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)是圆柱形或细长孔形。
7.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过焊接连接在一起。
8.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的活塞上部(1)是由抗氧化和/或耐热材料制成,所述的活塞下部(2)是由淀积硬化的铁素体-珠光体钢或回火钢制成。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10244511A DE10244511A1 (de) | 2002-09-25 | 2002-09-25 | Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10244511.7 | 2002-09-25 |
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CN1685141A CN1685141A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
CN100390395C true CN100390395C (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
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CNB038228424A Expired - Fee Related CN100390395C (zh) | 2002-09-25 | 2003-09-19 | 内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6789460B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1546534B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006500506A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050057575A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100390395C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0314788B1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE10244511A1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1078915A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004029440A1 (zh) |
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DE102004019011A1 (de) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-17 | Mahle Gmbh | Kühlkanalabdeckung für einen Kolben eines Verbrennungsmotors |
EP1899632A1 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2008-03-19 | Savice Limited | A piston, a ring and a piston assembly for a two cycle engine |
US7406941B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2008-08-05 | Federal - Mogul World Wide, Inc. | One piece cast steel monobloc piston |
DE102004057625A1 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Zweiteiliger Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
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US20080271597A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-11-06 | Soul David F | Methods and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine |
US8807109B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2014-08-19 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Steel piston with cooling gallery and method of construction thereof |
US9970384B2 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2018-05-15 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Steel piston with cooling gallery and method of construction thereof |
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CN107842437B (zh) * | 2011-06-29 | 2020-03-06 | 天纳克公司 | 具有位于冠部下方的支撑结构的活塞 |
EP2951471A1 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-12-09 | Mahle International GmbH | Steel piston with fourth land guidance and improved friction characteristics |
JP2014185522A (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-10-02 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | 内燃機関のピストン |
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DE102015002322A1 (de) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
JP6401104B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2018-10-03 | 株式会社クボタ | エンジンのピストン |
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FR2483521A1 (fr) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-04 | Semt | Piston de machine a pistons alternatifs, notamment de moteur a combustion interne |
JPS61175255A (ja) | 1985-01-30 | 1986-08-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 内燃機関用断熱ピストン |
DE3518721C3 (de) * | 1985-05-24 | 1997-09-04 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Ölgekühlter, mehrteiliger Tauchkolben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE3707462A1 (de) * | 1987-03-07 | 1988-09-15 | Man B & W Diesel Gmbh | Oelgekuehlter, mehrteiliger tauchkolben fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE3830033C2 (de) * | 1987-11-30 | 1998-05-07 | Mahle Gmbh | Gebauter, ölgekühlter Tauchkolben für Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE4014703A1 (de) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-11-14 | Mahle Gmbh | Gekuehlter tauchkolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren mit voneinander getrenntem kolbenoberteil und kolbenschaft |
DE4118400A1 (de) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-02 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | Gebauter, oelgekuehlter kolben fuer dieselmotoren |
US5136992A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-08-11 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston for internal combustion engines with forged sections made of steel |
BR9005370A (pt) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-06-16 | Metal Leve Sa | Processo de fabricacao de embolo refrigerado |
DE4039754A1 (de) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-06-17 | Mahle Gmbh | Mehrteiliger, gekuehlter kolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
DE4041637C1 (zh) * | 1990-12-22 | 1992-04-09 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | |
DE4208037C2 (de) * | 1992-03-13 | 1998-03-26 | Mahle Gmbh | Mehrteiliger, gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-25 DE DE10244511A patent/DE10244511A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-11 US US10/270,254 patent/US6789460B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-19 BR BRPI0314788-6A patent/BR0314788B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-19 KR KR1020057005109A patent/KR20050057575A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-19 CN CNB038228424A patent/CN100390395C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-19 JP JP2004538729A patent/JP2006500506A/ja active Pending
- 2003-09-19 WO PCT/DE2003/003115 patent/WO2004029440A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-09-19 EP EP03769201.9A patent/EP1546534B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 HK HK05110758A patent/HK1078915A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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US3240193A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-03-15 | Gen Motors Corp | Piston and piston cooling means |
WO1980002308A1 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-10-30 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Oil cooled piston |
US5207147A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1993-05-04 | Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio | Method for the manufacture of a piston head having a cooling chamber and piston head obtained from said method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004029440A1 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
CN1685141A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
KR20050057575A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
JP2006500506A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
BR0314788A (pt) | 2005-07-26 |
EP1546534A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
BR0314788B1 (pt) | 2012-09-04 |
HK1078915A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 |
US6789460B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
EP1546534B1 (de) | 2014-11-19 |
US20040055460A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
DE10244511A1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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