CN100390395C - 内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 - Google Patents

内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 Download PDF

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CN100390395C
CN100390395C CNB038228424A CN03822842A CN100390395C CN 100390395 C CN100390395 C CN 100390395C CN B038228424 A CNB038228424 A CN B038228424A CN 03822842 A CN03822842 A CN 03822842A CN 100390395 C CN100390395 C CN 100390395C
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piston
combustion engine
internal
cooling channel
ring
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CN1685141A (zh
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汉斯·于尔根·科纳特
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Mahle GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0084Pistons  the pistons being constructed from specific materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/16Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/04Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448Steel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其锻钢制成的活塞上部(1)是由在活塞顶部的燃烧室(3)、具有活塞环带(11)的活塞环壁(4)组成;其活塞下部(2)是由活塞裙部(9)、活塞销座(12),其用于安装将活塞(20)和连杆连接的活塞销、与活塞裙部(9)连接的活塞销座支撑(6)组成;形成于活塞上部(1)中的冷却通道(7)有沿其圆周并朝向活塞顶部分布的孔(14),孔(14)之间的活塞材料形成支撑肋(8),其每个支撑肋向着活塞纵轴线(K)呈放射状形成环形肋(5)的若干部分;活塞下部(2)有圆环形的承载肋(10),其接合面连接到活塞销座支撑(6)上,活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过环形肋(5)和承载肋(10)的接合面不可拆卸地连接在一起,冷却通道(7)由冷却通道盖(13)封闭。因而制造成本低、形状稳定性高。

Description

内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞,在其顶部有铸钢制作的活塞上部,其包括燃烧室、具有环形带的环壁;和活塞下部,其包括活塞裙部、活塞销座,活塞销座用于安装将活塞连到连杆上的活塞销;活塞销座支撑部,其与活塞裙部相连;及生产这种类型活塞的方法。
背景技术
JP61175255A公开了内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞。该活塞在活塞的环形带的高度上具有许多肋,在这些肋之间设置着绝热板以使从燃烧室到环形带的传热最小。
WO00/77379A1公开了另一种内燃机活塞,该活塞具有壁部,该壁部具有许多横向壁,这些横向壁由薄金属片形成并且沿着径向设置以改善冷却通道的散热效果。
上面这些设计不适合活塞在现代柴油机中所遇到的关于高点火压力和温度的稳定性的改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为多部件冷却型活塞提供活塞设计理念,这种冷却活塞可以确保低成本制造,并且可以有效地克服由于高气压和温度的影响而产生的活塞变形。
为解决这个问题,本发明的特别之处在于,在活塞上部形成的冷却通道有沿其圆周向着活塞顶部方向分布的孔,这些孔间的活塞材料就形成支撑肋,其每个支撑肋向活塞纵向轴线(K)呈放射状形成全圆形(all-round)环形肋5的若干部分。活塞下部有一个圆环形承载肋,其连接面固定在活塞销座支撑部。活塞上部和活塞下部依靠环形肋和承载肋的连接面,通过焊接方式不可拆卸地连接在一起,其冷却通道由冷却通道盖封闭。
本发明的优点是,采用这种方式加工的活塞,其冷却通道可以更加靠近活塞顶部或燃烧室,但是仍然具有极好的形状稳定性。另外,支撑肋的这种分布影响了在冷却通道内腔室的形成,即可产生摇动区域,借此可延长冷却油的驻留时间,所以可提高需要冷却的活塞区域的散热效果。
有利的实施例构成了从属权利要求的主要部分。
下面根据实施例来更加详细地解释本发明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的活塞沿活塞销方向的剖视图;
图2是本发明活塞的沿着图1的线II-II方向的剖视图;
图3是在第一和第二实施例中,本发明活塞的沿活塞销方向的横向剖视图;
图4是本发明活塞的沿着图1的线IV-IV方向的剖视图;
图5是本发明活塞的透视图;
图6是另一个实施例中,本发明活塞的沿着图1的线IV-IV方向的剖视图。
附图标记说明:
20  多部件冷却型活塞    1   活塞上部
2   活塞下部            3   燃烧室
4   活塞环壁            5   环形肋
6   活塞销座支撑部      7   冷却通道
8   支撑肋              9   活塞裙部
10  承载肋              11  活塞环带
12  活塞销座            13  冷却通道盖
hB  孔14的深度          KH  活塞主轴线
H   冷却通道高度        K   活塞纵向轴线
具体实施方式
根据本发明,如图5所示,多部件冷却型活塞20包括铸造活塞上部1,其包括燃烧室3,具有活塞环形带11的活塞环壁4,冷却通道7;及活塞下部2,其包括活塞裙部9和活塞销座支撑部6。根据该实施例,在冷却通道7中设置孔14,这些孔沿着圆周对称分布并向活塞顶部方向定位,即平行于活塞纵向轴线K。孔14的深度hB不超过冷却通道7总高度H的一半,这样可以确保冷却油的循环不受阻碍。这种设计形式为冷却油提供摇动区域,其提高冷却效果。在图中未示出进油口和出油口。借助于冷却通道盖13,其具有双作用弹簧元件(用于进/出油口),冷却通道7在其端部向活塞顶部打开时关闭。
如图3和4所示,孔14之间称为支撑肋8的材料区域,呈放射状向活塞纵轴K方向与环形肋5的若干部分结合,二者共同构成了环形肋5。如图4所示,孔14及支撑肋8沿着冷却通道7的圆周方向放射状对称分布。在另外一个实施例(未示出)中,孔14的数目及支撑肋8的这样分布,在主要/次要推力方向(D或GD)上,可比横向方向设置更多数量的支撑肋,即在冷却通道7圆周侧部上非对称分布。如果支撑肋8以I-IV象限为特征由活塞主轴线KH形成,则在冷却通道7中,孔14及支撑肋8可在一个象限内以对称(图4)、非对称(未示出)或部分对称(图6)分布方式获得,或者依据活塞顶部局部温度分布确定。其结果,在负荷变化时,可更好地克服活塞的温度和张力应变。孔14可如图4和6所示,设计成圆孔,或者是长边沿着活塞中心到活塞壁径向方向的细长孔(未示出)。这些孔分布上的不同实施例,可得到孔的不同间距,因此设计作为支撑肋8上所用的材料强度也相应增加。为进一步影响燃烧室3的散热情况,孔14的端部可做成圆形,或如图1所示成一定的角度。
如图1所示,孔14的轴线可设置成平行于活塞纵向轴线K,也可以结合锐角形式指向燃烧室3的孔14。
如图3所示,圆环形承载肋10由活塞销座支撑部6形成,其几何尺寸与环形肋5相当。活塞上部1和活塞下部2依靠承载肋10和环形肋5通过焊接方式牢牢地固定在一起,活塞上部1可由抗氧化、耐热材料制成,活塞下部2可由淀积硬化铁素体-珠光体钢(precipitation-hardeningferritic-perlitic steel)或回火钢(tempered steel)制成。

Claims (8)

1.内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞,包括活塞上部(1)铸钢制成,其包括燃烧室(3)、具有活塞环带(11)的活塞环壁(4);活塞下部(2),包括活塞裙部(9)和活塞销座(12),活塞销座(12)用于安装将活塞(20)与连杆相连的活塞销,活塞销座支撑部(6)固定在活塞裙部(9)上;
其特征在于:
在活塞上部(1)中形成的冷却通道(7)有沿其圆周向着活塞顶部方向分布的孔(14),孔(14)之间的活塞材料形成支撑肋(8),其每个支撑肋向活塞纵向轴线(K)呈放射状形成环形肋(5)的若干部分;
活塞下部(2)有一个圆环形承载肋(10),其接合面固定在活塞销座支撑部(6)上;
活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过环形肋(5)及承载肋(10)的接合面不可拆卸地连接在一起;
冷却通道(7)由冷却通道盖(13)密封。
2.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)对称和/或非对称地径向分布在冷却通道(7)的圆周上。
3.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的深度(hB)不超过冷却通道(7)总高度(H)的一半。
4.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的至少部分轴线与活塞纵轴线(K)平行。
5.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)的轴线与活塞纵轴线(K)成锐角。
6.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的孔(14)是圆柱形或细长孔形。
7.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的活塞上部(1)和活塞下部(2)通过焊接连接在一起。
8.根据权利要求1的内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞(20),其特征在于,所述的活塞上部(1)是由抗氧化和/或耐热材料制成,所述的活塞下部(2)是由淀积硬化的铁素体-珠光体钢或回火钢制成。
CNB038228424A 2002-09-25 2003-09-19 内燃机用多部件冷却型活塞 Expired - Fee Related CN100390395C (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10244511A DE10244511A1 (de) 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
DE10244511.7 2002-09-25

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CN100390395C true CN100390395C (zh) 2008-05-28

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US (1) US6789460B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1546534B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006500506A (zh)
KR (1) KR20050057575A (zh)
CN (1) CN100390395C (zh)
BR (1) BR0314788B1 (zh)
DE (1) DE10244511A1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1078915A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004029440A1 (zh)

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CN1685141A (zh) 2005-10-19
KR20050057575A (ko) 2005-06-16
JP2006500506A (ja) 2006-01-05
BR0314788A (pt) 2005-07-26
EP1546534A1 (de) 2005-06-29
BR0314788B1 (pt) 2012-09-04
HK1078915A1 (en) 2006-03-24
US6789460B2 (en) 2004-09-14
EP1546534B1 (de) 2014-11-19
US20040055460A1 (en) 2004-03-25
DE10244511A1 (de) 2004-04-15

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