CN100366957C - 两级行星齿轮变速器 - Google Patents

两级行星齿轮变速器 Download PDF

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CN100366957C
CN100366957C CNB038209837A CN03820983A CN100366957C CN 100366957 C CN100366957 C CN 100366957C CN B038209837 A CNB038209837 A CN B038209837A CN 03820983 A CN03820983 A CN 03820983A CN 100366957 C CN100366957 C CN 100366957C
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sliding sleeve
transmission
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CN1678850A (zh
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H·埃克特
M·奥尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/02—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
    • F16D27/04—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings with axially-movable friction surfaces
    • F16D27/06—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings with axially-movable friction surfaces with friction surfaces arranged within the flux
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
    • F16H2063/305—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force using electromagnetic solenoids

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种两级行星齿轮变速器(1)，具有一驱动轴(2)和一输出轴(3)、一太阳轮(8)、一内齿轮(11)、一行星齿轮架(10)连同行星齿轮(9)、一变速器壳体(6)以及一滑动套筒(14)，此滑动套筒用来切换一在其中内齿轮(11)可与壳体(6)连接的第一挡和一在其中内齿轮可与太阳轮连接的第二挡，其中滑动套筒可借助于一由励磁线圈(22、23)和一衔铁(24)组成的电磁铁移动。在此建议，衔铁(24)可旋转、但是轴向固定地安装在滑动套筒(14)上；以及，衔铁具有一外衔铁斜面(24a)和一轴向错开的内衔铁斜面(24b)，为这两个衔铁斜面配设一外部的和一内部的衔铁对应件(25，26)，其中，衔铁斜面和衔铁对应件构成各滑移圆锥。

Description

两级行星齿轮变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种两级行星齿轮变速器。
背景技术
由DE-A19917673所知的电磁换挡装置由一设置在行星齿轮变速器壳体之外的带一运动衔铁的电磁铁组成，衔铁的运动通过杠杆机构从外部穿过变速器壳体传递到设置在变速器壳体内部的滑动套筒上。通过这种电磁的杠杆机构控制，滑动套筒运动到一第一换挡位置和一第二换挡位置，在这些位置要不内齿轮和太阳轮连接，以便从驱动装置直接传递到输出端，要不内齿轮与变速器壳体连接，以达到减速。已知装置在结构紧凑性和无间隙的运动传递方面还有潜力可挖。对于杠杆机构必需的壳体开口及与此相关的密封问题也不是没有缺点的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，将开头所述类型的电磁换挡装置在紧凑和封闭的结构及尽可能无间隙的传动机构，特别是在电磁铁和滑动套筒之间的传动机构，加以改进。
这个目的通过以下的特征实现。
按本发明的两级行星齿轮变速器，具有一驱动轴和一输出轴、一太阳轮、一内齿轮、一行星齿轮架连同行星齿轮、一变速器壳体以及一带一滑动套筒的电磁换挡装置，此滑动套筒用来切换一在其中内齿轮可与壳体连接的第一挡和一在其中内齿轮可与太阳轮连接的第二挡，其中滑动套筒可借助于一由励磁线圈和一衔铁组成的电磁铁移动，其特征为：衔铁可旋转但是轴向固定地安装在滑动套筒上；以及，衔铁具有一外衔铁斜面和一轴向错开的内衔铁斜面，为这两个衔铁斜面配设一外部的和一内部的衔铁对应件，其中，衔铁斜面和衔铁对应件构成各滑移圆锥。
这里有利的是，取消了用于电磁铁和滑动套筒之间的运动传递的任何杠杆机构，从而减少零件数，因为衔铁-通过一轴承-直接固定在滑动套筒上。从而消除了杠杆机构所必然带来的任何间隙。因为衔铁安装在变速器壳体内部，消除了变速器壳体壁上的孔和可能的泄漏部位。
在本发明一种优良的结构中衔铁做成环形零件，亦即它在其整个圆周上作用在滑动套筒上-从而完全排除可能发生的歪斜。
按照本发明一种优良的改进结构，衔铁具有与衔铁对应件的斜面相配的衔铁斜面，亦即衔铁和衔铁对应件分别形成一滑移锥。通过衔铁斜面减小在换挡行程上衔铁对应件和衔铁之间的气隙。由此达到均匀的电磁吸力的优点(在整个换挡行程上恒定的吸力分布)。
按照本发明另一种优良的结构，整个电磁换挡装置做成预装配的结构单元，此结构单元装入变速器壳体内并固定在那里。这既带来装配和加工的缺点，又带来整个行星齿轮变速器紧凑和封闭结构形成的优点。滑动套筒被该结构单元罩起来，因此引起较小的泄漏损失。
按照本发明又一种优良的结构，预制的结构单元在其端面上添加一带内部联接齿的制动盘，它和结构单元一起装入变速器壳体内并固定在那里，为此使滑动套筒和制动盘，其联接齿相互配合，在装配时便已经定心。
附图说明
在附图中表示本发明的一个实施例，下面作较详细的说明。附图表示：
图1一带换挡装置的行星齿轮变速器的剖面图，
图2图1中电磁换挡装置的局部视图，
图3作为预装结构单元的电磁换挡装置的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一带一驱动轴2和一输出轴3的两级行星齿轮变速器1，它们分别支承在变速器壳体6的壳体端盖4、5内。驱动轴2通过带动套7与太阳轮8形锁合地连接，太阳轮与行星齿轮架10的行星齿轮9啮合，行星齿轮架本身与输出轴3形锁合连接。行星齿轮9与相对于行星齿轮架10或太阳轮8可旋转地支承的内齿轮11啮合。内齿轮11具有一外联接齿12，它可以与滑动套筒(Schiebemuffe)14的内联接齿13啮合或脱开。此外滑动套筒14可以与带动套7的外联接齿15啮合或脱开。滑动套筒14还具有一外联接齿16，它可以通过滑动套筒14的轴向移动与一和壳体固定的制动盘18的内联接齿17啮合或脱开。滑动套筒14通过一深沟球轴承19相对于电磁换挡单元20支承，它借助于固定螺钉21和制动盘18一起与驱动轴2同心地固定在变速器壳体6上。
下面还要详细说明的换挡单元20控制滑动套筒14轴向运动到三个位置，即一空档位置和两个换挡位置。在图中所示的第一换挡位置，滑动套筒14使内齿轮11和带动套7连接；在这个“直接挡”时速比为1∶1。为了到达第二换挡位置，滑动套筒14通过换挡单元20轴向向右移动，直至外联接齿16与制动盘18的内联接齿17啮合。这样内齿轮11便通过换挡离合器14相对于壳体6制动，或者说牢固固定。驱动轴2的转速便降速到慢的转速。
滑动套筒在其外围上具有未画出的槽，锁紧销嵌入此槽内，以便使滑动套筒固定在换挡位置之下。
锁紧销可由电磁操纵单元29相对于变速器主轴线径向移动，这里它在弹簧力作用下嵌入槽内，并由操纵单元29的电磁铁径向向外拔出，以便松开滑动套筒。
因此换挡单元和操纵单元29的电磁铁必须只有在进行换挡时才起动，亦即通电。除了换挡以外锁紧单元防止滑动套筒无意的移动。
换挡单元20具有两个励磁线圈22，23，在它们之间可轴向运动地设置一做成环形零件的衔铁24。衔铁24配设一左衔铁对应件25和一右衔铁对应件26，它们分别位于左励磁线圈22和右励磁线圈23范围内。衔铁24与深沟球轴承24的外环固定连接，亦即衔铁24的轴向运动直接传递到滑动套筒14上。下面介绍换挡单元20的具体结构。
图2以放大图表示图1中的换挡单元20，这里继承图1中的图形标记。在横截面内大致做成正方形的左励磁线圈22和在横截面内做成矩形的右励磁线圈23被一由三个拼合的零件27a、27b、27c的磁导体27支承和保持在一起。这通过在图1中所示的固定螺栓21进行，它穿过磁导体27上的通孔28，同样两个衔铁对应件25和26也固定在磁导体27上，做成环形的衔铁24具有一右外衔铁斜面24a和一左内衔铁斜面24b，亦即分别做成环形圆锥面。右衔铁对应件26具有一相应的斜面26a，左衔铁对应件25具有一相应的斜面25a，亦即同样是环形圆锥面。这些衔铁斜面或圆锥的角度α约为3°。衔铁斜面24a在衔铁中心方向上由一端面24c限定，而衔铁斜面24b终止于一内端面24d处。这两个垂直于旋转轴线分布的端面24c、24d用作衔铁24轴向运动的止挡。衔铁24在两个换挡位置之间走过的换挡行程用x表示。通过衔铁斜面24a、24b和衔铁对应件26、25上的相应斜面26a、25a减小了气隙，由此在衔铁24上产生磁性吸力的大致恒定的分布。
换挡单元20的运行以这样的方式进行，即不是左励磁线圈22通电，使衔铁24向左运动，便是右励磁线圈23通电，使衔铁24向右运动。由于上面提到的恒定吸力分布，在换挡时在衔铁24上立即产生最大的磁性吸力。
图3以两个具有不同换挡位置的视图表示上述作为完整预装结构单元30的换挡单元20的透视图。左图相当于图2中的视图，亦即衔铁241位于其左面的位置。而右图示出衔铁24r处于其右面的位置。在图2中所示的换挡单元20补充了轴承19和滑动套筒14。与励磁线圈22、23、衔铁24和磁导体27一起这些零件一起得到一紧凑的结构单元30，它作为一个结构单元装入图1中所示的变速器内，并固定在那里。由图中可以毫无困难地看到，滑动套筒14被封装起来，因此可以少产生泄漏损失。
图形标记表
1   行星齿轮变速器    21  固定螺栓
2   驱动轴            22  励磁线圈，左
3   输出轴            23  励磁线圈，右
4   壳体端盖          24  衔铁
5   壳体端盖          24a 衔铁斜面
6   变速器壳体        24b 衔铁斜面
7   带动套            24c 端面
8   太阳轮            24d 端面
9   行星齿轮          25  衔铁对应件、左
10  行星齿轮架        25a 斜面(零件25)
11  内齿轮            26  衔铁对应件、右
12  外联接齿(零件11)  26a 斜面(零件26)
13  内联接齿(零件14)  27  磁导体
14  滑动套筒          27a 磁导体
15  外联接齿(零件7)   27b 磁导体
16  外联接齿(零件14)  27c 磁导体
17  内联接齿(零件18)  28  通孔
18  制动盘            29  电磁操纵单元
19  深沟球轴承        30  预装结构单元
20  换挡单元

Claims (6)

1.两级行星齿轮变速器(1)，具有一驱动轴(2)和一输出轴(3)、一太阳轮(8)、一内齿轮(11)、一行星齿轮架(10)连同行星齿轮(9)、一变速器壳体(6)以及一带一滑动套筒(14)的电磁换挡装置，此滑动套筒用来切换一在其中内齿轮(11)可与壳体(6)连接的第一挡和一在其中内齿轮可与太阳轮连接的第二挡，其中滑动套筒可借助于一由励磁线圈(22、23)和一衔铁(24)组成的电磁铁移动，其特征为：衔铁(24)可旋转但是轴向固定地安装在滑动套筒(14)上；以及，衔铁(24)具有一外衔铁斜面(24a)和一轴向错开的内衔铁斜面(24b)，为这两个衔铁斜面配设一外部的和一内部的衔铁对应件(25，26)，其中，衔铁斜面和衔铁对应件构成各滑移圆锥。
2.按权利要求1所述的行星齿轮变速器，其特征为：衔铁斜面或圆锥的角度α约为3°。
3.按权利要求2所述的行星齿轮变速器，其特征为：衔铁斜面(24a、24b)通过环形端面(24c、24d)限定，所述环形端面用作为衔铁(24)终端位置的止挡面。
4.按权利要求1所述的行星齿轮变速器，其特征在于，励磁线圈(22、23)、衔铁(24)连同轴承(19)和滑动套筒(14)、衔铁对应件(25、26)安装在一磁导体(27)内，该磁导体设计成预装配的结构单元(30)并可装入到变速器壳体(6)中。
5.按权利要求4所述的行星齿轮变速器，其特征为：在结构单元(30)的一端面(27c)上安装一配备一内联接齿(17)的制动盘(18)，该制动盘与结构单元(30)一起固定在变速器壳体(6)内。
6.按权利要求1所述的行星齿轮变速器，其特征为：所述换挡装置具有一可电磁操纵的带一操纵单元(29)和锁紧销的销紧单元，这些锁紧销嵌入滑动套筒(14)上的槽内，并将滑动套筒固定在一换挡位置上。
CNB038209837A 2002-09-05 2003-08-30 两级行星齿轮变速器 Expired - Fee Related CN100366957C (zh)

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DE10241006A DE10241006A1 (de) 2002-09-05 2002-09-05 Elektromagnetische Schalteinrichrung eines zweistufigen Planetengetriebes
DE10241006.2 2002-09-05

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US20060052204A1 (en) 2006-03-09
KR101009150B1 (ko) 2011-01-18
TW200404132A (en) 2004-03-16
WO2004023004A1 (de) 2004-03-18
EP1534979A1 (de) 2005-06-01
DE50302203D1 (de) 2006-04-06
EP1534979B1 (de) 2006-01-11
US7300376B2 (en) 2007-11-27
KR20050057165A (ko) 2005-06-16
CN1678850A (zh) 2005-10-05

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