CN100366554C - 用于加热玻璃板的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于加热玻璃板的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100366554C
CN100366554C CNB2005100769611A CN200510076961A CN100366554C CN 100366554 C CN100366554 C CN 100366554C CN B2005100769611 A CNB2005100769611 A CN B2005100769611A CN 200510076961 A CN200510076961 A CN 200510076961A CN 100366554 C CN100366554 C CN 100366554C
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T·佩索宁
J·库尔维宁
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Tem Glass Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
    • C03B29/04—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way
    • C03B29/06—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the products
    • C03B29/08—Glass sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/062—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated electrically heated
    • F27B9/063—Resistor heating, e.g. with resistors also emitting IR rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于加热玻璃板的方法和设备。该方法用于在加热炉(1)中加热玻璃板(4)，其中，玻璃板(4)支承在辊子(3)的上面。玻璃板(4)被用对流空气(A)或对流空气(A)与辐射热的组合加热。对流空气(A)由电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体加热。对流空气(A)的加热是通过使用蓄热器实现的，所述蓄热器(9、10)是利用所述电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体来加热的，在整个加热循环中，所述蓄热器(9、10)是用最大功率低于在加热所述玻璃板(4)的初始阶段所需的加热功率的功率来加热的。此外，本发明还涉及一种采用本方法的设备。

Description

用于加热玻璃板的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在加热炉内加热玻璃板的方法，其中，玻璃板支承在辊子的上部，并且所述玻璃板用对流空气或对流空气与辐射热的组合从上方和下方加热，所述对流空气由电阻和/或可燃气体加热。
此外，本发明涉及一种在加热炉内加热玻璃板的设备，该设备包括用于支承玻璃板的辊子、能够加热玻璃板的对流式鼓风装置或对流式鼓风装置与辐射加热器的组合以及用于加热对流空气的电阻或气体燃烧器。
背景技术
该类型的用于加热玻璃板或薄板的方法和设备例如在本申请人的专利申请FI 20011923中已为人所知。在该文献中，在加热隔室内的玻璃板的上方和下方布置有辐射加热器和对流空气管，对流空气通过该对流空气管从炉外供给进加热隔室并经由对流空气管上的喷嘴吹到玻璃薄板的表面。
本申请人的专利申请EP 721922公开了另一种公知的基于对流式鼓风的玻璃薄板加热方法。对流空气通过安装在喷嘴箱内的风扇和电阻在玻璃薄板的表面上循环。采用类似原理的炉子见专利公报EP 910553。该炉子包括由电阻加热的辐射板，热量因而通过辐射板传递到玻璃薄板，从而提供一种通用炉子结构，特别是与温度曲线的形成有关。该辐射板的基本功能是均衡由于在玻璃薄板表面鼓风引起的温度差。
发明内容
在将玻璃从室温加热到约600-640℃的回火温度的过程中，温升与图1中所示的曲线100一致。首先温度随时间迅速升高，然后均匀缓慢地升高，逐渐达到其最终回火温度。图2示出表示吹到玻璃板上的热流量在各时间段的变化情况的曲线101。图3示出现有技术的热源即对流空气加热电阻的功率(能量)(曲线102)随时间的变化情况，该功率与由玻璃获得的热流量有关。在参考文献中所述的对流式鼓风系统中，电阻必须达到取决于由玻璃板获得的最大热流量(图2)的输出功率。
本发明的目的是提供一种方法和设备，使得玻璃板能够比现有技术的解决方案更有效地加热，和/或使得对流空气热源能够达到比以前低的功率。
为了达到以上目的，本发明的方法的特征在于对流空气的加热是通过使用蓄热器实现的。
此外，采用本发明方法的设备的特征在于加热炉设置有能够加热对流空气的蓄热器。
该解决方案使得在加热循环开始时，可以从蓄热器获取一些由玻璃获得的热量。这样的一个显著优点是热源可以达到比没有蓄热器时的功率低的功率。另一优点是通过使蓄热器与热源相连通获得的。
本发明第一方面提供了一种用于在加热炉中加热玻璃板的方法，其中，该玻璃板支承在辊子的上面并且所述玻璃板被用对流空气或对流空气与辐射热的组合从上方和下方加热，所述对流空气由电阻和/或可燃气体加热，其特征在于，所述对流空气的加热是通过使用蓄热器实现的，所述蓄热器是利用所述电阻和/或可燃气体来加热的，在整个加热循环中，所述蓄热器是用最大功率低于在加热所述玻璃板的初始阶段所需的加热功率的功率来加热的。
优选地，所述蓄热器是用一基本恒定的功率来加热的。
本发明第二方面提供了一种用于在加热炉中加热玻璃板的设备，它包括用于支承玻璃板的辊子，能够加热所述玻璃板的对流式鼓风装置或者该对流式鼓风装置与热辐射器的组合，以及用于加热对流空气的电阻或气体燃烧器，其特征在于，所述加热炉包括能够加热对流空气的蓄热器，所述蓄热器设置成与所述电阻和/或气体燃烧器相连通，由所述电阻和/或可燃气体发出的输出功率低于在加热所述玻璃板的初始阶段所需的加热功率。
优选地，由所述电阻和/或可燃气体发出的输出功率是基本恒定的。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细说明本发明，其中：
图1示出玻璃板的温度随时间的变化情况；
图2示出吹到玻璃板的热流量随时间的变化情况；
图3示出现有技术的由加热器传递的功率随时间的变化情况；
图4示出平均加热效应随时间的变化情况；以及
图5示出采用本发明方法的设备的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
采用本发明方法的设备的一个示例性实施例如图5所示。该设备是加热炉1，在该加热炉的壁2内设置有加热隔室2a。将玻璃板4放在加热隔室2a内的构成基本水平输送轨迹的辊式输送机3上。加热隔室2a内设置有用于空气对流的上部鼓风装置5a、5b和11和下部鼓风装置6a、6b和12。这些装置优选包括管道5a、5b和6a、6b，其水平管道部分或管道箱5b和6b上设置有用于将空气A吹到玻璃板4的上下表面的喷嘴。空气A的鼓风功率可例如通过设置成与管道部分5b和6b相连通的风扇11和12调节。炉1上还可以设置有能够直接加热玻璃板的辐射加热器(未示出)。辐射加热器优选安装在玻璃板4的上方和下方，例如沿着鼓风装置。
在风扇11和12的吸入侧布置有与管道部分5a和6a相连通的本发明的蓄热器9和10。蓄热器优选包括一优选由蓄热材料-例如金属、陶瓷、金刚砂或石头-制成的实心体。蓄热器9和10包括其自身的通道或流动通路，因此对流空气A能够经由蓄热器9和10行进。吹到玻璃板4表面上的热空气A在隔室2a内循环。因此，吹到玻璃板4上的空气A主要从玻璃板4导回(吸回)蓄热器9和10。蓄热器9和10传递热量，从而加热流过蓄热器的空气A。
布置成与蓄热器9和10相连通的各个电阻7和8用于加热蓄热器9和10。该蓄热器可以用例如气体燃烧器代替或补充，该气体燃烧器的热量由可燃气体产生。与现有技术不同，电阻7和8的主要功能是加热蓄热器9和10，因此该电阻可以达到比加热玻璃板4的初始阶段所需的热效应低的最大输出功率。此外，还可优化该电阻以便具有一功率，使得因而发出的输出功率在整个加热循环中基本不变。该不变的输出功率，即平均加热效应，由图4中所示的曲线103表示。当然，在实际中，电阻7和8的输出功率在曲线102和103之间浮动，但优选接近曲线103。向曲线103的接近的实现取决于蓄热器9和10的实心度以及蓄热器9和10与对流空气A之间的热传递效率(热传递面积)。下面通过一个示例说明本发明设备的工作情况。
在加热的初始阶段，通过蓄热器9和10或通过蓄热器9和10与电阻7和8的共同作用加热冷玻璃板4。热量从而传递到对流空气A中，对流空气A以基本与图2的曲线101相匹配的功率再循环。电阻7和8同时以一给定的基本不变的功率加热蓄热器9和10。在初始阶段，电阻7和8不需要提供很高的功率来维持蓄热器9和10的初始温度。当吹到玻璃板4的热流量在加热的最后阶段开始下降时，如图2中所示，电阻7和8的功率达到极限，在该极限时，从而发出的一些功率足以加热蓄热器9和10，并且从而发出的一些功率足以产生在加热的最后阶段玻璃板4所需的热流量(换句话讲，足以加热流过蓄热器的对流空气)。这一点某种程度上来说能够通过对流空气的再循环实现，加热对流空气，特别是在最后阶段，仅需要少量由电阻产生的功率。这样，蓄热器可以被加热到它们的初始温度，同时完成玻璃板的加热。此外，在热循环过程中不需要调整电阻7和8的输出功率，或者比现有技术的解决方案调整少得多。并且，电阻不需要达到与用于在加热玻璃板4的初始阶段产生高功率热流量所需的峰值输出功率相匹配。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于在加热炉(1)中加热玻璃板(4)的方法，其中，该玻璃板(4)支承在辊子(3)的上面并且所述玻璃板(4)被用对流空气(A)或对流空气(A)与辐射热的组合从上方和下方加热，所述对流空气(A)由电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体加热，其特征在于，所述对流空气(A)的加热是通过使用蓄热器(9、10)实现的，所述对流空气经由所述蓄热器(9、10)行进，所述蓄热器(9、10)是利用所述电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体来加热的，在整个加热循环中，所述蓄热器(9、10)是用最大功率低于在加热所述玻璃板(4)的初始阶段所需的加热功率的功率来加热的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述蓄热器(9、10)是用一基本恒定的功率来加热的。
3.一种用于在加热炉(1)中加热玻璃板的设备，它包括用于支承玻璃板(4)的辊子(3)，能够加热所述玻璃板(4)的对流式鼓风装置(5a、5b、11；6a、6b、12)或者该对流式鼓风装置(5a、5b、11；6a、6b、12)与热辐射器的组合，以及用于加热对流空气的电阻(7、8)或气体燃烧器，其特征在于，所述加热炉(1)包括能够加热对流空气(A)的蓄热器(9、10)，所述对流空气经由所述蓄热器(9、10)行进，所述蓄热器(9、10)设置成与所述电阻(7、8)和/或气体燃烧器相连通，由所述电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体发出的输出功率低于在加热所述玻璃板(4)的初始阶段所需的加热功率。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，由所述电阻(7、8)和/或可燃气体发出的输出功率是基本恒定的。
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