CN100355551C - 用于纤维复合叠片的组件的联锁齿接合 - Google Patents

用于纤维复合叠片的组件的联锁齿接合 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100355551C
CN100355551C CNB2004800046531A CN200480004653A CN100355551C CN 100355551 C CN100355551 C CN 100355551C CN B2004800046531 A CNB2004800046531 A CN B2004800046531A CN 200480004653 A CN200480004653 A CN 200480004653A CN 100355551 C CN100355551 C CN 100355551C
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China
Prior art keywords
fiber composite
tooth
joint
cover tooth
cover
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2004800046531A
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CN1750921A (zh
Inventor
詹姆斯·D·赫思科克
罗德尼·H·琼斯
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Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
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Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
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    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
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Abstract

公开了一种改进的连接纤维复合叠片的方法。两块纤维复合叠片(13，15)可以端对端连接。通过纤维复合叠片的厚度进行接合。有两种方式形成接合：(1)非联锁；和(2)联锁。

Description

用于纤维复合叠片的组件的联锁齿接合
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维复合叠片的连接。
背景技术
纤维复合叠片已经使用了多年。相比金属部件它们是高强度、低重量的选择。纤维复合叠片尤其适合用于在减轻重量和增加强度方面极其重要的飞机制造工业。
纤维复合叠片通过一层接一层地构造复合纤维的多层、多片或多叠层而形成。每层纤维都朝向特定的方向以提供给该叠片特殊属性。在传统的叠片中，有的纤维平行纵轴延伸，有的纤维横切纵轴延伸，并且有的纤维以关于纵轴的各种角度“离轴”延伸。通过以确定的构造放置和定向纤维层，可以预先确定叠片的硬度和其它属性。
纤维复合叠片的一个重大问题在于其相对低的损伤容限。复合纤维在材料的平面上为叠片提供了强度，但是垂直于该平面的唯一材料是树脂。然而树脂本身不能抑制裂缝的扩大和被认为是分层的层间破坏。分层，这种在纤维复合叠片中最普遍的破坏类型，其最常在纤维复合叠片端部叠层的边缘处和接头处开始。
经过多年，从事纤维复合叠片工作的设计人员面对的最巨大的挑战之一就是怎样把两块纤维复合叠片连接起来。这些接头必需形成非常复杂的结构，如飞机机身。然而，因为纤维复合叠片非常难以连接，所以构造足够结实和安全的接头总是伴随着额外的体积、重量和成本。
接合接头典型地负载横跨不牢固的层间界面的叠片，使得即使当接合的质量和强度超过原始叠片的质量和强度时，破坏处只是转移到下一层边界。当前存在许多不同的接头构造，包括(1)单搭接；(2)双搭接；(3)嵌接；(4)螺栓接合，每种具有相对的优点和问题。这些方法大多数包括在连接端处构造纤维复合叠片的厚度，并且交叠连接的两块纤维复合叠片。这增加了结构的体积和重量。
单搭接是最小效力的并具有最低的损伤容限。在单搭接中，只有单一负荷路径。因为两块纤维复合叠片是交叠的，所以张力负荷引起两块叠片相互剥离，导致在叠片端部处层间分层。虽然纤维复合叠片的端部可能是斜切的或是锥形的，但接头仍容易受到剥离和分层的影响。
在双搭接中，两块待连接的纤维复合叠片端对端放置并且覆盖层粘附在两块纤维复合叠片的顶部和底部的接头上面。因而，必须拒绝纤维复合叠片中的张力负荷通过覆盖层。因为只有纤维复合叠片的最外层与覆盖层接触，最外层承载大多数的负荷。这典型地导致对接接头中的粘合剂的张力破坏或者导致在覆盖层端部之一处开始的层间剪切破坏，在该覆盖层端部处该覆盖层粘接到纤维复合叠片的最外层。
在嵌接中，虽然可能去除覆盖层，但仍有其它问题。嵌接角必须非常低以便为接合界面产生充分的表面积。同样，构造嵌接非常困难和昂贵。通常，嵌接需要覆盖层。
在螺栓接合中，螺栓穿过两块纤维复合叠片交叠的端部。虽然典型地不使用粘合剂，但是需要密封剂。相对于以上讨论的粘接接头，螺栓接合提供了改进的损伤容限，但是螺栓接合仍有许多其它问题。螺栓孔必须紧密地排列，并且必须钻直径上非常精确的孔以匹配螺栓。由于纤维复合叠片中的低耐力，精确钻孔非常困难和昂贵，因为在钻孔过程中叠片容易损坏。螺栓上反复的负荷引起支承磨损和螺栓孔的散裂。因为两块叠片是交叠的，所以引入偏心距到负荷路径中，该负荷路径引起螺栓上的弯曲和张力并且导致过早的螺栓损坏。
所有这些方法需要在接头处充分地构造纤维复合叠片的厚度以提供足够的强度，可以需要复合的附加层以允许在接头的外表面处齐平地安装螺栓头。曲率使所有这些接头更复杂。因而，虽然这些方法在连接纤维复合叠片中表现了重大的进展，但是仍留下了相当多的缺点。
发明内容
人们有连接纤维复合叠片的改进方法的需求。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的连接纤维复合叠片的方法，其包括的步骤有：切割在第一纤维复合叠片端部的第一套齿；切割在第二纤维复合叠片端部的第二套齿，该第二套齿与该第一套齿配合地对齐；空间对齐该第一纤维复合叠片和该第二纤维复合叠片以便在它们之间产生接合线；在该接合线中设置粘合剂；和固化该粘合剂。当相对于现有的接合接头的结构提供改进的损伤容限时，该方法是重量和成本最经济有效的方法。
通过提供连接纤维复合叠片的方法达到本目的，其中通过纤维复合叠片的厚度进行接合以减少典型的其它构造的层间应力。有两种方式形成接合：(1)非联锁；和(2)联锁。
本发明具备显著的优点，包括：(1)纤维复合叠片可以端对端连接而无需额外构造叠片；(2)不需要结构上的覆盖层，但是可以使用；(3)极大减少了层间破坏的可能性；(4)视觉上检查接头是可能的；(5)为了额外的强度或损坏指示可以使用覆盖层；(6)在巨大的结构组装中提供额外的安装公差；(7)接头几何形状克服了层间的脆弱；(8)接头展现了故障保护能力，因为粘合剂破坏后能够承载极限负荷或部分最终负荷；(9)接头是能量吸收的，因为在破坏前的负荷下存在接头的敲击或运动；(10)接头具有比接合或螺栓接头更高的确定强度；(11)接头是不引人注意的，这减少了重量，消除了偏心，并增加了气动平滑性；(12)更加可预知接头损坏后的性能；(13)齿外形可以选择性地修改以获得不同的性能特性；(14)能量吸收可以增加；和(15)可以使本身易碎的材料产生可塑的响应。
本发明还提供了一种纤维复合叠片接头，其包括：在其端部具有第一套齿的第一纤维复合叠片；在其端部具有第二套齿的第二纤维复合叠片，该第二套齿与第一套齿配合地对齐；设置在第一套齿和第二套齿之间的粘合剂，该粘合剂用来接合第一纤维复合叠片到第二纤维复合叠片，该粘合剂形成接合线。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种连接元部件到纤维复合叠片的方法，其包括的步骤有：在该纤维复合叠片的端部切割第一套齿；在该元部件的端部切割第二套齿，该第二套齿与该第一套齿配合地对齐；空间对齐该第一纤维复合叠片和该第二纤维复合叠片以便在它们之间产生接合线；在该接合线中设置粘合剂；和固化该粘合剂。
其它的目的、特征和优点将在下述的描述中是明显的。
附图说明
在附加的权利要求中提出了被认为是本发明特性的新颖特征。然而，当结合附图理解时，通过参照下列详细的描述将最好地了解本发明本身(其又是一种首选的使用模式)、本发明其它的目的和优点，其中：
图1A是具有根据本发明的纤维复合叠片接头的飞机机身的透视图；
图1B是根据本发明的带有离散接头的复合叠片结构的分解透视图；
图1C-1E是图1B装配构件的放大视图；
图2是图1A的接头部II的放大视图；
图3A-3D示意性示出了根据本发明的各种机械联锁齿外形；
图4是根据本发明的接头的第二实施例的分解透视图；
图5是图4接头的分解端视图；
图6是图4带有覆盖层(未示出)的接头的组装透视图；
图7是图4接头的完全的组装视图。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种改进的以端对端方式将两块纤维复合叠片连接在一起的方法。该方法产生不引人注意的粘合剂接合以在结构上将两块纤维复合叠片接合在一起。本发明有两个主要实施例：(1)机械联锁齿；(2)非联锁齿。可以理解，根据使用叠片的应用不同，将可使用联锁齿、非联锁齿、偏置的联锁和非联锁齿的许多结合。本发明的齿类型接合实际上消除了粘合剂接头的剥离，因此减少了层间破坏的可能性。相对于传统的搭接接合，采用本发明的方法连接的叠片已经大大改进了损伤容限。接合的几何形状抑制了来自接头长度向下扩散并引起灾难性故障的解除接合的裂缝。
现在参照附图中的图1A-1E和2，示出了本发明的联锁实施例。在图1A中，示出了长的、连续的接头。在图1B-1E中示出了几个离散接头。在联锁齿实施例中，在剪切和张力负荷下，使齿部吻合以提供正机械的锁。示出了飞机机身11的部分。机身11具有由纤维复合叠片形成的薄壁。正如图1A所示，至少两块纤维复合叠片壁13和15由至少一个拉长的连续的接头17连接。在本示例中，接头17沿机身11的整个纵向长度延伸并且穿过壁13和15的整个厚度t，使得通过纤维复合叠片13和15的厚度t产生连接。虽然接头17已经示出为直的接头，但是可以理解在某些应用中可能希望接头17形成弯曲或螺旋路径。而且，虽然将参照飞机机身解释本发明，但是应该明白本发明可以用在希望端对端将两块纤维复合叠片连接在一起的任何应用和工业中。
在图1B-1E的示例中。诸如附加配件18这样的元部件连接到复合叠片结构12。在本实施例中，每个配件18在离散接头20处连接到纤维复合叠片壁14和16。配件18包括接线元件22，用来机械地连接到其它元部件。在本示例中，在每个配件18和壁14和16之间的接头20是离散的并且不沿结构12的整个纵向长度延伸。另外，正如图1C-1E所示，接头20由穿过壁14和16的整个厚度h的齿24和不穿过配件18整个厚度b的齿26形成。齿26可以机加工或者由许多传统方式在配件18中形成。这种构造把盖件部28留在了齿26上面的配件18的外表面上。可以理解齿24可以配置为仅仅部分穿过壁14和16，齿26可以穿过配件18的整个厚度b，并且盖件28是可选的。
正如图2所示，接头17由一系列机械联锁齿19和21形成，其中齿19在叠片13的端部形成，并且齿21在叠片15的端部形成。在优选的实施例中，齿19和21不互相接触；相反，选定的间隔或接合线在齿19和21之间形成。在优选的实施例中，接合线沿其整个长度不具有连续的厚度。而是选定接合线的间隔以产生特定的执行和响应特性。例如，接合线在齿19和21尖端是厚的，并且当它沿齿19和21侧面长度前进时逐渐向下变薄。在接近齿19和21的正中央处接合线最薄。相对于处于平面中的纤维复合材料，该结合是适宜的。在每个齿19和21尖端的额外的接合线厚度在张力负荷下变得柔软，因为剪切路径相对变硬。
最好选择粘合剂13，使得当粘合剂23的压缩增加时，粘合剂23的剪切强度增加。粘合剂23注射于齿19和21之间，或者该粘合剂可以由其它合适方法施加，如刷、喷、擦、涂，或浸。注射后，使粘合剂23平滑使得与叠片13和15的表面保持齐平。一旦组装，通过传统的固化过程固化接头，该固化过程可以通过提高温度和/或压力来促进。
当接头17遭受过度的应力和应变，粘合剂在邻近齿尖端较厚区域处开始过度应变。这标志着初始破坏模式。当施加更高负荷或反复施加负荷时，粘合剂将继续破裂开并且碾碎。初始破坏模式持续到齿19和21的侧面开始相互接触。在该点处，齿能够经受非常大量的张力。联锁的齿19和21将使接头17保持在一起直到达到齿19和21的极限强度，此时齿19或21将破裂。这导致了叠片13和15在灾难性故障中相互分离。机械联锁齿的重要优点在于创造了故障保护破坏模式。该接头的构造提供给叠片残余强度。换句话说，该纤维复合叠片在初始破坏后仍能够抵抗预置极限负荷。没有其它接合接头具有这种能力。
认识到纤维复合叠片13和15，以及粘合剂23本身易破裂是重要的。然而，通过使用本发明的接合方法，这些易破裂材料可以制成以便以可塑方式响应。这种可塑行为是典型有益处的，因为它减少了意外灾难性故障的可能性，并且提供给接头残余强度。齿19和21的外形、以及作为结果的粘合剂23的接合线的尺寸和形状，可能选择性地适合于产生以预定方式响应应力和张力的接头。在纤维复合叠片13和15受到动态事件(如弹道撞击、液动撞击、快速减压)时的情形中这特别地有用。当这些瞬时事件发生时，本发明的能量吸收破坏模式允许叠片经受动态事件而没有灾难性故障直到该事件结束。
基于负荷的需求选择性地选定齿19和21的外形。某些外形在张力上表现得比较好，某些在剪切上表现得比较好。由于增加了抵抗张力负荷的接合线的长度，细的指部往往在张力上表现的比较好。通过使根部的齿的临界断面或最窄部处的应变变动最小化，使齿的几何形状在张力上最优化。应力集中存在于每个齿19根部的两侧25和27处。通过选择性地制作并确定齿19的外形的形状和尺寸，可使这些应力集中的区域合并。通过减少粘合剂破坏后齿的弯曲效果并增加剪切效果，厚的指部或者具有低的长度除以宽度纵横比的指部往往在剪切上表现比较好。接合应力往往在接近尖端的齿的侧面达到最高。通过使用椭圆的齿外形，可以最小化地减小接合应力沿齿侧面的变动。因而，齿19和21优选的外形为椭圆形。这种椭圆形状优化了接合线并有助于延迟破坏的发生。这使工作的齿的体积最大化增加，因此最大化增加了齿的强度。优选地，齿19和21由根部破裂而最终破坏。齿19和21通过精确喷水切割设备的切割而优选地形成，但是其也可以通过其它装置而形成，如用来精确切割复杂形状的传统工具、包括激光和用数字控制的切割装置。通过裁剪或优化齿外形给接头增加了微小的成本。
虽然不是必需，但在某些情形中最好可以在邻近接头17的纤维复合叠片13和15的边缘处增加附加层。这通过增加接合面积提供了额外的接头强度。这些附加层可以为对称的(即，层增加到叠片13和15两者的表面)或者非对称的(即，层仅仅增加到叠片13或15之一的表面)。
另外，可选择的覆盖片(见图4-7)可以安装在接头17上的叠片13和15的顶和底表面。这些覆盖片无需承载相当大的负荷，但是封闭了接头并消除了接合齿边缘的剥离。玻璃纤维织物作为覆盖片良好地工作，因为某些玻璃纤维织物通过变色抵抗过度应变。例如，当过度应变时，这种玻璃纤维织物在其它清洁的织物中产生黄色斑点。使用覆盖层也有助于检查接合线的超声波衰减。
现在参照附图中的图3A-3D，示出了其它可能的机械联锁齿外形。图3A示出了具有短、宽、阶梯状斜方形指部的接头41；图3B示出了具有长、细、椭圆形指部的接头43；和图3C示出了具有长、宽、椭圆指部的接头45。图3D示出了具有偏置的椭圆指部的接头47。这种类型的接头特别适合于剪切负荷的应用或结合张力和剪切的应用。具有图3D示出的接头模式使平面外弯曲的剪切和张力两者特定的强度最大化增加。所有这些机械联锁齿外形提供了额外的能量吸收。
现在参照附图中的图4-7，示出了本发明非联锁的实施例。在本实施例中，两块纤维复合叠片113和115由两个平行延伸的连续接头117a和117b经桥接片116连接在一起。在本示例中，接头117a和117b沿叠片113和115的整个纵向长度延伸，并且穿过叠片113和115的整个厚度z，导致通过叠片113和115的厚度z产生接合。虽然接头117a和117b已经示出为直的接头，在某些应用中，可能更愿意使接头117a和/或117b形成弯曲或螺旋路径。
接头117a由一系列紧密间隔的三角状齿119a和118a形成，其中齿119a在叠片113的端部形成，齿118a在桥接片116的一端形成。同样，接头117b由一系列紧密间隔的三角状齿119b和118b形成，其中齿119b在叠片115的端部形成，齿118b在桥接片116的另一端形成。在优选的实施例中，齿119a和118a以及齿119b和118b相互不接触；相反，选定的间隔或接合线在每个接头117a和117b的齿之间形成。接合线填充了张力更柔软的浓粘合剂。正如所示，齿119a，118a，119b和118b不垂直于叠片113和115以及桥接片116的表面切割，而是斜向前进。这提供了额外的接合表面面积以增大强度。垂直于该表面方向的直的切割也是可接受的。
将可以理解桥接片116是优选的，并且叠片113和115可以直接地连接在一起。然而，使用桥接片116具有优点。例如桥接片116允许叠片113和115保持在固定的位置并且允许齿119a、118a、119b，和118b在适当位置切入叠片113和115中。这消除了允许组装的位置公差。如果叠片113和115为了组装而可以移动并且如果齿几何形状的公差是足够小，则不需要桥接片116。齿119a、118a、119b，和118b可以具有对准特征以帮助组装。
根据上述联锁实施例，虽然不必需，但是在某些情形中更愿意在邻近接头117a和117b的纤维复合叠片113和115的边缘处增加附加层125和127。这通过增加接合面积提供了额外的接头强度。这些额外的层125和127可以为对称的(即，层增加到叠片113和115两者的表面)或者非对称的(即，层仅仅增加到叠片113或115之一的表面)。
根据联锁齿实施例，可选的覆盖片123a和123b可以安装在接头117a和117b上的叠片113和115的顶和底表面。覆盖片123a和123b无需承载相当大的负荷，但是封闭了接头117a和117b并消除了接合齿边缘的剥离。如上所述，当过度应变时变色的玻璃纤维织物是覆盖片123a和123b优选的材料。可选择的覆盖层也有助于接合线的超声波检查。将可以理解覆盖片123a和123b可以只由粘合剂材料形成，轻的纤维织品埋入粘合剂或其它适合的材料中，或者可以包含有结构的叠片。
将可以理解本发明的方法特别适合于使用单机器人的自动控制中。使用机器人技术减少了生产成本，并确保了接头的精确生产和组装。预定程序的机器人能沿接头缓慢地转移，切割两块叠片、插入的桥接片116，和外部覆盖片123a和123b的边缘，或者记录两个预切割片的相对的齿位置以连接并发送信息给远处的切割器，以便使桥接片116适合于两块叠片最终的相对位置。这允许了片之间巨大的组装公差，因此减少了生产组装成本。通过使用磁铁或其它机械或电力装置，该机器人也可以施加需要的温度和压力以处理进行的组装。可选择地，接合齿可以使用对齐特征以帮助组装。这种连接技术可应用于任何结构上的平板接合，如飞机机身的生产接合或翼梁的接合。
由于本发明的接合接头，可以允许潜在的巨大的组装公差，因为两块叠片的边缘可以进入修剪前的位置，然后在组合件上切割以容纳预成齿状的固定宽度的桥接片。因此，接合的叠片的边界无需组装前修剪或精确定位。
本发明的重要优点在于该接头可以视觉上地检查破坏。如果该接头过载，齿和粘合剂的尖端区域将通过破裂和变色来抵抗。在某些实施例中，玻璃纤维织物安装在接头之上，玻璃纤维织物通过变色抵抗过度应变。例如，当过度应变时，这种玻璃纤维织物在其它清洁的织物中产生黄色斑点。
已经描述和示出了本发明显然具有的显著优点。虽然本发明示出了有限数量的形式，但不仅仅限于这些形式，本发明可遵守各种改变和修改而不脱离其精神。

Claims (49)

1.一种连接两纤维复合叠片的方法，其包括的步骤有：
切割在第一纤维复合叠片端部的第一套齿；
切割在第二纤维复合叠片端部的第二套齿，该第二套齿与该第一套齿配合地对齐；
空间对齐该第一纤维复合叠片和该第二纤维复合叠片以便在它们之间产生接合线；
在该接合线中设置粘合剂；和
固化该粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿不机械联锁。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有大致三角外形。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿机械联锁。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有椭圆外形。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有斜方形状的外形。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其中接合线具有固定厚度。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中接合线具有可变厚度。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中接合线在接近齿尖端处最厚并且在接近齿正中央处最薄。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，其中还包括的步骤有：
至少在接头的一个表面应用覆盖片。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中覆盖片是玻璃纤维织物。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其中当遭受应变时玻璃纤维织物改变颜色，因此提供了接头中应变级别的视觉指示。
13.根据权利要求1的方法，其中由破裂引起粘合剂初始破坏，因此提供了接头初始破坏的视觉指示。
14.根据权利要求4的方法，其中初始破坏后接头配置为抵抗预选定的极限负荷。
15.根据权利要求1的方法，其中使第一套齿和第二套齿垂直于第一和第二纤维复合叠片的层切割。
16.根据权利要求1的方法，其中使第一套齿和第二套齿以不垂直于第一和第二纤维复合叠片的层的角度切割。
17.根据权利要求1的方法，其中接头在大致直的路径中延伸。
18.根据权利要求1的方法，其中接头在弯曲路径中延伸。
19.根据权利要求1的方法，其中接头沿交错的偏置路径延伸。
20.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
用纤维的附加层构造第一纤维复合叠片的接头端。
21.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
用纤维的附加层构造第一纤维复合叠片和第二纤维复合叠片的接头端。
22.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
在第一复合叠片和第二复合叠片之间设置桥接片，该桥接片在与第一套齿和第二套齿对应配合的每一端上具有齿。
23.一种纤维复合叠片接头，其包括：
在其端部具有第一套齿的第一纤维复合叠片；
在其端部具有第二套齿的第二纤维复合叠片，该第二套齿与第一套齿配合地对齐；
设置在第一套齿和第二套齿之间的粘合剂，该粘合剂用来接合第一纤维复合叠片到第二纤维复合叠片，该粘合剂形成接合线。
24.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中第一套齿和第二套齿不机械联锁。
25.根据权利要求24的纤维复合叠片接头，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有大致三角外形。
26.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中第一套齿和第二套齿机械联锁。
27.根据权利要求26的纤维复合叠片接头，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有椭圆外形。
28.根据权利要求26的纤维复合叠片接头，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有斜方形状的外形。
29.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接合线具有固定厚度。
30.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接合线具有可变厚度。
31.根据权利要求30的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接合线在接近齿尖端处最厚并且在接近齿正中央处最薄。
32.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，还包括：
设置在接头至少一个表面上的覆盖片。
33.根据权利要求32的纤维复合叠片接头，其中覆盖片是玻璃纤维织物。
34.根据权利要求33的纤维复合叠片接头，其中当遭受应变时玻璃纤维织物适应以改变颜色，因此提供了接头中应变级别的视觉指示。
35.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中粘合剂适应由破裂引起的初始破坏，因此提供了接头初始破坏的视觉指示。
36.根据权利要求26的纤维复合叠片接头，其中初始破坏后接头配置为抵抗预选定的极限负荷。
37.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中使第一套齿和第二套齿垂直于第一和第二纤维复合叠片的层切割。
38.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中使第一套齿和第二套齿以不垂直于第一和第二纤维复合叠片的层的角度切割。
39.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接头在大致直的路径中延伸。
40.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接头在弯曲路径中延伸。
41.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，其中接头沿交错的偏置路径延伸。
42.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，还包括：
在第一纤维复合叠片的接头端构造纤维的附加层。
43.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，还包括：
在第一纤维复合叠片和第二纤维复合叠片的接头端构造纤维的附加层。
44.根据权利要求23的纤维复合叠片接头，还包括：
设置在第一复合叠片和第二复合叠片之间的桥接片，该桥接片在与第一套齿和第二套齿对应配合的每一端上具有齿。
45.一种连接元部件到纤维复合叠片的方法，其包括的步骤有：
在该纤维复合叠片的端部切割第一套齿；
在该元部件的端部切割第二套齿，该第二套齿与该第一套齿配合地对齐；
空间对齐该第一纤维复合叠片和该第二纤维复合叠片以便在它们之间产生接合线；
在该接合线中设置粘合剂；和
固化该粘合剂。
46.根据权利要求45的方法，其中第二套齿不完全穿过元部件的厚度。
47.根据权利要求45的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿不机械联锁。
48.根据权利要求45的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿机械联锁。
49.根据权利要求45的方法，其中第一套齿和第二套齿具有椭圆外形。
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CA2515180C (en) 2010-12-21
CN1750921A (zh) 2006-03-22
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WO2004110738A2 (en) 2004-12-23
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US20060251847A1 (en) 2006-11-09

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