CN100352819C - 作为ns3-丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的脯氨酸化合物用于制备治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染的药物 - Google Patents

作为ns3-丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的脯氨酸化合物用于制备治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染的药物 Download PDF

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CN100352819C
CN100352819C CNB038026600A CN03802660A CN100352819C CN 100352819 C CN100352819 C CN 100352819C CN B038026600 A CNB038026600 A CN B038026600A CN 03802660 A CN03802660 A CN 03802660A CN 100352819 C CN100352819 C CN 100352819C
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interferon
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pharmaceutical composition
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CN1692109A (zh
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A·阿拉萨潘
F·本内特
S·L·博根
K·X·陈
E·姚
Y·-T·刘
R·G·罗维
V·S·马迪森
L·G·奈尔
F·G·诺罗格
A·K·萨克塞纳
M·桑尼格拉希
S·文卡特拉曼
V·M·吉里亚瓦拉班
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Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp
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Schering Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了具有HCV蛋白酶抑制活性的新颖的式I化合物及制备这类化合物的方法。在另一实施方案中,本发明公开了含有这类化合物的药物组合物及用其治疗与HCV蛋白酶有关的病症的方法。

Description

作为NS3-丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的脯氨酸化合物用于制备治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染的药物
本专利申请要求对于2002年1月23日提交的60/350,931号美国临时专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及新的丙型肝炎病毒(“HCV”)蛋白酶抑制剂,含有一种或多种这类抑制剂的药物组合物,制备这类抑制剂的方法和使用这类抑制剂治疗丙型肝炎及有关病症的方法。本发明特别公开了作为HCVNS3/NS4a丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的新的肽化合物。本申请中公开的发明与2002年1月18日提交的10/052,386号专利申请有关。
背景技术
丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是一种正义单键RNA病毒,它涉及在非甲非乙肝炎(NANBH),特别是在与血液有关的NANBH(BB-NANBH)中作为主要病原物(见国际专利申请WO 98/04669和欧洲专利申请EP 381216)。NANBH不同于其它类型的病毒引起的肝病,例如甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和EP病毒引起的肝病,以及其它形式的肝病,例如酒精中毒和原发性胆汁性肝硬化。
近来已经确认、克隆和表达了对于多肽加工和病毒复制所必须的一种HCV蛋白酶(例如见,美国专利5,712,145)。这种约3000个氨基酸的多蛋白由其氨基端至羧基端包含一个核壳蛋白(C)、包膜蛋白(E1和E2)和几种非结构蛋白(NS1、2、3、4a、5a和5b)。NS3是一种约68×103道尔顿的蛋白质,由HCV基因组的约1893个核苷酸编码,并具有两个个不同的域:(a)由大约200个N-端氨基酸构成的丝氨酸蛋白酶域;和(b)在蛋白质C端处的依赖于RNA的腺苷三磷酸酶域。NS3蛋白酶被认为是胰凝乳蛋白酶家族的一个成员,因为它们在蛋白质序列、总体三维结构和催化机制方面相似。其它的胰凝乳蛋白酶样的酶是弹性蛋白酶、Xa因子、凝血酶、胰蛋白酶、纤溶酶、尿激酶、组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和前列腺特异抗原(PSA)。HCV NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶是造成多肽(多蛋白)在NS3/NS4a、NS4a/NS4b、NS4b/NS5a和NS5a/NS5b接界处蛋白酶解的原因,因此对于病毒复制期间产生四种病毒蛋白负责。这使得HCV NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶成为抗病毒化学疗法的有吸引力的目标。
已经确定,一种约6×103道尔顿的多肽NS4a蛋白是NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶活性的辅因子。由于NS3/NS4a丝氨酸蛋白酶造成的NS3/NS4a接界的自切割在分子内发生(即,顺式),而其它切割位点被分子间加工(即,反式)。
对于HCV蛋白酶的天然切割位点的分析揭示了在P1存在半胱氨酸和在P′存在丝氨酸,而且这些残基严格地保存在NS4a/NS4b、NS4b/NS5a和NS5a/NS5b接界处。NS3/NS4a接界在P1含有一个苏氨酸,在P1′含一个丝氨酸。在NS3/NS4a处的半胱氨酸→苏氨酸取代作用被认为是导致该接界处需要顺式而非反式加工的原因。例如见,Pizzi  et al.(1994) Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci(USA)  91:888-892,Failla  et al.(1996) Folding &Design  1: 35-42。NS3/NS4a切割位点也比其它部位更能耐受诱变。例如见,KoLLykhalov等(1994) J.Virol.  68:7525-7533。还发现,在该切割位点上游区域中需要有酸性残基以进行有效切割。例如见,Komoda等(1994) J.Virol.  68:7351-7357。
已报道的HCV蛋白酶的抑制剂包括抗氧化剂(见,国际专利申请WO 98/14181),某些肽和肽类似物(见,国际专利申请WO 98/17679,Landro等(1997) Biochem.36:9340-9348,Ingallinella等(1998)Biochem.37:8906-8914,Linàs-Brunet等(1998) Bioorg.Med.Chem. Lett.8:1713-1718),基于70个氨基酸多肽水蛭抑制剂C的抑制剂(Martin等(1998) Biochem.37:11459-11468),自人类胰分泌型胰蛋白酶抑制剂(hPST1-C3)和微抗体库(MBiP)亲合选择出的抑制剂(Dimasi等(1997) J.Virol.71:7161-7469).cVHE2(一种“骆驼化”的可变域抗体片断)(Martin等(1997) Protein Eng.  10:607-614),和α1-抗胰凝乳蛋白酶(ACT)(Elzouki等(197)J.Hepat.27:42-28)。近来还公开了一种设许成选择性破坏丙型肝炎病毒RNA的核酶(见,BioWorld Today 9(217):4(1998年11月10日))。
还参见1998年4月30日公布的PCT出版物WO 98/17679(VertexPharmaceuticals Incorporated);1998年5月28日公布的WO98/22496(F.Hoffmann-La Roche AG);和1999年2月公布的WO99/07734(Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd.)。
HCV已涉及参与肝硬化和诱发肝细胞癌。受HCV感染的患者的预后普遍较差。HCV感染比其它形式的肝类更难治疗,因为缺乏与HCV感染有关的免疫力或缓解期。目前的数据表明,确诊为肝硬化后四年存活率低于50%。诊断患有定域可切除的肝细胞癌的患者,其五年存活率低于10-30%,而患有定域不可切除的肝细胞癌的患者,其五年存活率低于1%。
参见A.Marchetti等,Synlett, S1,1000-1002(1999),该文描述了HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂的双环类似物的合成。其中公开的一种化合物具有以下化学式:
还参见W.Han等,Bioorganic&Medicinal Chem.Lett,(2000)10,711-713,该文描述了一些含烯丙基和乙基官能度的α-酮基酰胺、α-酮酸酯和α-二酮的制备。
还参见WO 00/09558(受让人:Boehringer IngelheimLimited;2000年2月24日公布),其中公开了下式的肽衍生物:
Figure C0380266000111
其中各组成部分的定义见该文。该系列的一个示例性化合物是:
Figure C0380266000112
还参见WO 00/09543(受让人:Boehringer Ingelheim Limited;2000年2月24日公布),其中公开了下式的肽衍生物:
Figure C0380266000121
各个组成部分的定义见该文。该系列的一个示例性化合物是:
Figure C0380266000122
丙型肝炎的流行疗法包括干扰素-α(INFα)和用利巴韦林与干扰素组合治疗。参见例如,Beremguer等(1998) Proc.Asoc.Am. Physicians  110(2):98-112。这些疗法的问题是持续响应率低和频发的副反应。例如见,Hoofnagle等(1997) N.Engl.J.Med.  336:347。目前,尚无用于HCV感染的疫苗。
进一步参考2001年10月11日公布的WO 01/74768(受让人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc),其中公开了作为丙型肝炎病毒的NS3-丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的以下通式的一些化合物(R见其中定义):
Figure C0380266000131
在上述WO 01/14768中公开的一个具体化合物具有以下化学式:
Figure C0380266000132
待审批的美国专利申请:2001年4月3日提交的09/825,399(PCT公布号WO 01/77113,2001年10月18日公布);2001年4月17日提交的09/836,636(PCT公布号WO 01/81325,2001年11月1日公布);2001年7月19日提交的09/909,077(PCT公布号WO 02/08198,2002年1月31日公布);2001年7月19日提交的909,062(PCT公布号WO 02/08256,2002年1月31日公布);2001年7月19日提交的909,012(PCT公布号WO 02/08187,2002年1月31日公布);2001年7月19日提交的908,955(PCT公布号WO 02/08244,2002年1月31日公布);2001年12月10日提交的10/013,071(PCT公布号WO02/47172,2002年6月20日公布);2001年7月19日提交的09/909,164(PCT公布号WO 02/08251,2002年1月31日公布);和2002年1月18日提交的上述的专利申请10/052,386,公开了作为丙型肝炎病毒的NS-3丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的各种类型的肽及/或其它化合物。这些专利申请的公开内容合并在本文中作为参考。
对于丙型肝炎,需要有新的治疗剂和治疗方法。因此,本发明的一个目的是提供可用于治疗或预防或缓解丙型肝炎的一种或多种症状的化合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供治疗或预防或缓解丙型肝炎的一种或多种症状的方法。
本发明的再一目的是提供利用本发明的化合物调制丝氨酸蛋白酶,尤其是HCV NS3/NS4a丝氨酸蛋白酶的活性的方法。
本发明的又一目的是提供用本发明的化合物调制HCV多肽的加工的方法。
发明概要
本发明在其众多实施方案中提供了一类新的HCV蛋白酶的抑制剂,含有一种或多种该化合物的药物组合物,制备含一种或我种这类化合物的药物制剂的方法,以及治疗、预防或缓解丙型肝炎的一种或多种症状的方法。还提供了调制HCV多肽与HCV蛋白酶的相互作用的方法。在所提供的化合物中,优选的是抑制HCV NS3/NS4a丝氨酸蛋白酶的化合物。本申请公开了一种化合物或该化合物的对映异构体、立体异构体、旋转异构体、互变异构体、外消旋物或前药,或该化合物的可药用的盐或溶剂化物,或该前药的可药用盐或溶剂化物,所述化合物具有式1所示的一般结构:
Figure C0380266000141
式I
其中:
Y是选自以下基团:烷基,烷芳基,杂烷基,杂芳基,芳基杂芳基,烷基杂芳基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基芳氧基,芳氧基,杂芳氧基,杂环烷氧基,环烷氧基,烷基氨基,芳基氨基,烷基芳氨基,杂芳基氨基,环烷基氨基和杂环烷基氨基,条件是,Y可以任选地被X11和X12取代;
X11是烷基,链烯基,炔基,环烷基,环烷基烷基,杂环基,杂环基烷基,芳基,烷基芳基,芳基烷基,杂芳基,烷基杂芳基或杂芳基烷基,条件是,X11可以另外任选地被X12取代;
X12是羟基,烷氧基,芳氧基,硫基,烷硫基,芳硫基,氨基,烷基氨基,芳基氨基,烷基磺酰基,芳基磺酰基,烷基磺酰氨基,芳基磺酰氨基,羧基,烷氧羰基(术语“烷氧羰基”意味着酯),酰胺基(术语“酰胺基”意味着酰胺),烷氧羰基氨基,烷氧羰基氧基,烷基脲基,芳基脲基,卤互,氰基或硝基,条件是,所述的烷基、烷氧基和芳基可以另外任选地被独立选自X12的基团取代;
R1是选自以下结构:
Figure C0380266000151
其中k是从0至5的数字,可以相同或不同;R11代表环上任选存在的取代基,各取代基独立地选自H、烷基、链烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、烷基芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、芳基杂芳基、烷基杂芳基、烷氧基、烷基芳氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷氧基、烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷基芳氨基、杂芳基氨基、环烷基氨基、杂环烷基氨基、羟基、硫基、烷硫基、芳硫基、氨基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、烷基磺酰氨基、芳基磺酰氨基、羧基、烷氧羰基、酰氨基、烷氧羰基氨基、烷氧羰基氧基、烷基脲基、芳基脲基、卤素、氰基和硝基,条件是,R11(当R11不是H时)可以另外任选地被X11或X12取代;
Z选自O、N、CH或CR;
W可以存在或不存在,如果W存在,则W是选自C=O、C=S、C(=N-CN)或SO2
Q可以存在或不存在,当Q存在时,Q是CH、N、P、(CH2)P、(CHR)P、(CRR′)P、O、NR、S或SO2;当Q不存在时,M可以存在或不存在;当Q和M不存在时,A与L直接相连;
A是O、CH2、(CHR)P、(CHR-CHR′)P、(CRR′)P、NR、S、SO2或一个键;
E是CH、N、CR或朝向A、L或G的一个双键;
G可以存在或不存在,当G存在时,G是(CH2)P、(CHR)P或(CRR′)P;当G不存在时,则J存在,且E直接连接到式I中G所连接的碳原子上;
J可以存在或不存在,当J存在时,J是(CH2)P、(CHR)P或(CRR′)P、SO2、NH、NR或O;而当J不存在时,则G存在,且E象连接到J一样直接与式I所示的N相连;
L可以存在或不存在,当L存在时,L是CH、CR、O、S或NR;当L不存在时,则M可以存在或不存在;如果M存在和L不存在,则M直接和独立地与E相连,而且J直接和独立地与E相连;
M可以存在或不存在,当M存在时,M是O、NR、S、SO2、(CH2)P、(CHR)P(CHR-CHR′)P或(CRR′)P
p是从0到6数字;
R、R1、R2、R3和R4独立地选自H,C1-C10烷基,C2-C10链烯基,C3-C8环烷基,C3-C8杂环烷基,烷氧基,芳氧基,烷硫基,芳硫基,氨基,酰氨基,酯基,羧酸,氨基甲酸酯,脲,酮,醛,氰基,硝基,卤素;(环烷基)烷基和(杂环烷基)烷基,其中该环烷基由3-8个碳原子和0-6个氧、氮、硫或磷原子组成,该烷基由1-6个碳原子组成;芳基,杂芳基,烷基芳基和烷基杂芳基;
其中上述的烷基、杂烷基、链烯基、杂烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环烷基部分均可独立地和任选地被取代,术语“取代”是指用选自烷基、链烯基、炔基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂环基、卤素、羟基、硫基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷硫基、芳硫基、氨基、酰氨基、酯基、羧酸、氨基甲酸酯、脲、酮、醛、氰基、硝基、碘酰氨基、砜、亚砜、磺酰脲、酰肼和异羟肟酸酯的一个或多个基团任选取代;
另外,其中的单元N-C-G-E-L-J-N代表一个5元或6元的环结构,条件是,当该单元N-C-G-E-L-J-N代表一个5元环结构,或者当式I中含有N、C、G、E、L、J、N、A、Q和M的双环结构代表一个5元环结构时,则该5元环结构不含羰基作为该环的一部分。
式I化合物可以作为HCV蛋白酶的抑制剂使用,并可用于治疗和预防与这种蛋白酶有关的疾病。
发明内容
在一项实施方案中,本发明公开了作为HCV蛋白酶、尤其是HCVNS3/NS4a丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂的式I化合物,或其可药用的衍生物,其中各个定义给出如上。
在上述的对式I各个部分的定义中,各部分的优选基团如下:优选的R1的定义是:
Figure C0380266000181
R2的优选基团是:
Figure C0380266000182
其它优选的R2基团包括:
Figure C0380266000191
优选的R3基团是:
Figure C0380266000192
Figure C0380266000201
其中R31=OH或O-烷基;
R51=H,COCH3,COOtBu或CONHtBu;
Y19是选自以下基团:
Figure C0380266000202
Y20是选自以下基团:
Figure C0380266000211
最优选的R3基团是:
一些其它的优选基团是:
对于Z,是N;对于R4,是H;对于W,是C=O。
另外,式I中的Z-C-R3部分,在R4不存在时,可以用以下结构表示:
Figure C0380266000221
Figure C0380266000222
对于Y,优选的基团是:
Figure C0380266000223
Figure C0380266000231
Figure C0380266000241
Figure C0380266000251
其中:
Y11是选自H,COOH,COOEt,OMe,Ph,OPh,NHMe,NHAc,NHPh,CH(Me)2,1-三唑基,1-咪唑基和NHCH2COOH;
Y12是选自H,COOH,COOMe,OMe,F,Cl或Br;
Y13是选自以下基团:
Figure C0380266000262
Y14是选自以下基团:
Y15和Y16独立地选自烷基、芳基、杂烷基和杂芳基;
Y17是CF3,NO2,CONH2,OH,COOCH3,OCH3,OC6H5,C6H5,COC6H5,NH2或COOH;
Y18是COOCH3,NO2,N(CH3)2,F,OCH3,CH2COOH,COOH,SO2NH2或NHCOCH3
Y更优选由以下基团表示:
Figure C0380266000272
Figure C0380266000281
Figure C0380266000291
其中:
Y17=CF3,CONH2,OH,NH2,或COOH
Y18=F,COOH
对于Y,更为优选的基团是:
Figure C0380266000292
Figure C0380266000301
如式I和上述所示,以下单元:
Figure C0380266000302
代表一个环形结构,它可以是5元或6元环结构。当该环代表一个5元环时,本发明要求该5元环不含有羰基作为环结构的一部分。上述环结构优选选自以下结构:
Figure C0380266000303
另外,以下环形结构
Figure C0380266000321
是选自下列结构:
Figure C0380266000322
Figure C0380266000331
其中R20是选自以下基团:
Figure C0380266000332
R21和R22可以相同或不同,各独立地选自以下基团:
Figure C0380266000333
Figure C0380266000341
如以上和整个说明书所使用的,除非另外指出,以下术语应理解具有下列含义:
“患者”包括人和动物。
“哺乳动物”是指人和其它哺乳动物。
“烷基”指脂族烃基,它可以是直链或支链,链中含约1-20个碳原子。优选的烷基在链中含约1-12个碳原子。更优选的烷基在链中含约1-6个碳原子。支链意味着在烷基直链上连接着一个或多个低级烷基基团,例如甲基、乙基或丙基。“低级烷基”是指链中有约1-6个碳原子的基团,它可以是直链或支链。
“芳基”指芳族单环或多环体系,含有约6-14个碳原子,优选含约6-10个碳原子。合适的芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基和萘基。
“杂芳基”指含有约5-14个、优选约5-10个环原子的芳族单环或多环体系,其中一个或多个环原子是非碳元素,例如单独或组合的氮、氧或硫。优选的杂芳基含约5-6个环原子。在杂芳基的主词之前的氮杂、氧杂、硫杂等前缀分别指有至少一个氮、氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。杂芳基的氮原子可以任选地氧化成相应的N-氧化物。合适的杂芳基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基、吡啶基的N-氧化物、吡嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基、异_唑基、异噻唑基、_唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、呋种基、吡咯基、吡唑基、三唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、喹喔啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基、咪唑并[2,1-b]噻唑基、苯并呋种基、吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、咪唑基、噻吩并吡啶基、喹唑啉基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、异喹啉基、苯并氮杂吲哚基、1,2,4-三嗪基、苯并噻唑基等。
“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”是指芳基-烷基基团,其中烷基和芳基如前所述。优选的芳烷基含有一个低级烷基。合适的芳烷基的非限制性实例包括苄基、2-苯基乙基和萘基甲基。与母体部分的键合是经由烷基。
“环烷基”指含有约3-10个碳原子、优选约5-10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环体系。优选的环烷基环中含约5-7个环原子。合适的单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基等。合适的单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括1-十氢萘基、降冰片基、金刚烷基等。
“卤素”或“卤”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“杂环基”指含有约3-10个环原子,优选含约5-10个环原子的非芳族的饱和单环或多环体系,其中环系内的一个或多个原子是非碳元素,例如单独或组合的氮、氧或硫。在环系中不存在相邻的氧和/或硫原子。优选的杂环基含约5-6个环原子。在杂芳基主词之前的氮杂、氧杂或硫杂等前缀,是指分别有至少一个氮、氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。杂环基的氮或硫原子可以任选地氧化成相应的N-氧化物、S-氧化物或S,S-二氧化物。合适的单环杂环基环的非限制性实例包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、噻唑烷基、1,4-二_烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基等。
术语“杂芳烷基”或“杂芳基烷基”是指杂芳基-烷基基团,其中的杂芳基和烷基如前所述。优选的杂芳基烷基含一个低级烷基。合适的杂芳基烷基的非限制性实例包括吡啶-4-基甲基、噻吩-3-基甲基等。与母体部分的键合是经由烷基。
术语“杂环基烷基”指杂环基-烷基基团,其中杂环基和烷基如前所述。优选的杂环基烷基含有一个低级烷基。合适的杂环基烷基的非限制性实例包括哌啶-4-基甲基、吡咯烷-3-基-甲基等。与母体的键合是经由烷基。
“烷基氨基”指-NH2或-NH3 +基团中氮上的一个或多个氢原子被以上定义的烷基取代。
“芳基氨基”指-NH2或-NH3 +基团中氮上的一个或多个氢原子被以上定义的芳基取代。
“烷硫基”指烷基-S-基团,其中烷基如前所述。合适的烷硫基的非限制性实例包括甲硫基、乙硫基、异丙硫基和庚硫基。与母体部分的键合是经由硫。
“芳硫基”指芳基-S-基团,其中芳基如前所述。合适的芳硫基的非限制性实例包括苯硫基和萘硫基。与母体部分的键合是经由硫。
“烷基磺酰基”指烷基-S(O2)-基团。优选的基团是其中烷基是低级烷基的基团。与母体部分的键合是经由磺酰基。
“芳基磺酰基”指芳基-S(O2)-基团。与母体部分的键合是经由磺酰基。
术语“取代的”是指指定原子上的一个或多个氢被选择的所示基团取代,条件是所指定的原子在存在环境下的正常价数不被超过,而且取代后形成稳定的化合物。取代基和/或变量的组合只有在该组合形成稳定化合物的情形才被允许。“稳定的化合物”或“稳定的结构”是指化合物足够牢固,能够在从反应混合物中分离成适用的纯度并配制成有效的治疗剂之后继续存在。合适的取代基的非限制性实例(除非另外指明)包括例如:卤素烷基芳基、环烷基、氰基、羟基、烷氧基、烷硫基、氨基、-NH(烷基)、-NH(环烷基)、-N(烷基)2、羧基、-C(O)O-烷基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基、芳基链烯基、杂芳烷基、烷基杂芳基、杂芳基链烯基、羟烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、酰基、芳酰基、硝基、芳氧羰基、芳基烷氧羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳基烷硫基、杂芳基烷硫基、环烯基、杂环基、杂环烯基、Y1Y2N-烷基-、Y1Y2NC(O)-和Y1Y2NSO2-,其中Y1和Y2可以相同或不同,各独立地选自氢、烷基、芳基和芳烷基。
术语“任选取代的”是指被特定基团、基或部分任选取代。
这里使用的“组合物”一词意在包括含有特定数量的特定组分的一种产物,以及由特定组分特定数量组合直接或间接形成的产物。
还应指出,在本申请的正文、示意图、实施例、结构式和表格中带有不饱和价的任何杂原子均假设有一个或多个氢原子以饱和其价数。
当化合物中的某个官能基被称为“被保护的”时,这意味着该基团是处于改性形式,以便当化合物进行反应时,防止在被保护的部位发生不希望的副反应。本领域普通技术人员参照标准教材,例如T.W.Greene等,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis(1991),Wiley New York,能够识别合适的保护基团。
当任何变量(例如芳基、杂环、R2等)在任何组成部分或在式I中出现一次以上时,其再次出现时的定义与其它每次出现时的定义无关。
本申请中使用的术语“组合物”意在包括含有特定数量的特定组分的一种产物,以及由特定组分按特定数量组合直接或间接形成的任何产物。
本发明化合物的前药和溶剂化物也在考虑之内。这里所用的“前药”一词,代表一种药物前体化合物,它在施用于受试者时,通过代谢或化学过程发生化学转化,产生式III化合物或其盐和/或溶剂化物。在T.Higuchi和V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel DeliverySystems(1987) 14(A.C.S.Symposium Series)和BioreversibleCarriers in Drug Design(1987)(Edward B,Roche编,AmericanPharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press)中,有对前药的讨论,这两本书都在本申请中引用作为参考。
“溶剂化物”是指本发明化合物与一个或多个溶剂分子的物理结合。这一物理结合涉及不同程度的离子键合和共价键合,包括氢键。在某些情形溶剂化物能被分离,例如当一个或几个溶剂分子结合到该结晶固体的晶格中时。“溶剂化物”包括溶液相和可分离的溶剂化物这两种情形。合适的溶剂化物的非限制性实例包括乙醇化物、甲醇化物等。“水合物”是溶剂分子为H2O的溶剂化物。
“有效数量”或“治疗有效量”是指能够抑制NS3/NS4丝氨酸蛋白酶并从而产生所希望的治疗、缓解、抑制或预防作用的本发明化合物或组合物的数量。
式I化合物可以形成盐,它也在本发明的范围之内。本申请中提到的式I化合物,除非另外说明,应理解为包括其盐。本申请中使用的“盐”一词代表与无机和/无有机盐形成的酸式盐,以及与无机和/或有机碱形成的碱式盐。此外,当式I化合物既含碱性部分(例如但不限于吡啶或咪唑)又含酸性部分(例如但不限于羧酸)时,可以形成两性离子(“内盐”)它被包括在本申请使用的术语“盐”之内。优选可药用的(即,无毒,生理上可接受的)盐,但其它的盐也可以使用。式I化合物的盐可以通过式I化合物与一定数量(例如等当量)的酸或碱,在盐会于其中沉淀的介质中反应形成,或在水介质中反应后冷冻干燥形成。
酸加成盐的实例包括乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、富马酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、磷酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐等。另外,在例如以下文献中讨论了通常认为适合用来由碱性药用化合物形成可药用盐的酸:S.Berge et al,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66(1)1-19;P.Gould,International J.of Pharmaceutics(1986)33201-217;Anderson et al,The Practice of MedicinalChemistry(1996),Academic Press,New York;和The Orange Book(Food&Drug Administration,Washington,D.C.on theirwebsite)。这些内容都被本申请引用作为参考。
碱式盐的实例包括铵盐,碱金属盐例如钠、锂和钾盐,碱土金属盐例如钙和镁盐,与有机碱(例如有机胺,如二环己胺、叔丁胺)形成的盐,和与氨基酸例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等形成的盐。含氮碱性基团可以用试剂季铵化,例如低级烷基卤化物(如,甲基、乙基和丁基氯、溴和碘)、硫酸二烷基酯(例如硫酸二甲酯、二乙酯和二丁酯)、长链卤化物(例如癸基、月桂基和硬脂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳烷基卤化物(例如苄基溴和苯乙基溴)等。
所有这些酸式盐和碱式盐都预期是本发明范围内的可药用盐,而且就本发明而言,所有的酸式和碱式盐都被认为与相应的游离形式化合物等效。
式I化合物及其盐、溶剂化物和前药,可以以其互变异构形式(例如以酰胺或亚胺基醚的形式)存在。所有这些互变异构形式都被认为是本发明的一部分。
本发明化合物(包括其盐、溶剂化物和前药,以及该前药的盐和溶剂化物)的所有立体异构物(例如几何异构物、旋光异构物等),例如由于在各个取代基上的不对称碳原子而可能存在的异构体,包括对映异构形式(即使在没有不对称碳原子时也可能存在)、旋转异构形式、阻转异构体和非对映异构形式,象位置异构物(例如,4-吡啶基和3-吡啶基)一样,都被认为是在本发明的范围之内。本发明化合物的各个立体异构物可以基本上不含其它异构物,也可以混合成外消旋物,或与所有其它的,或选择的其它的立体异构物混合。本发明化合物的手性中心可以具有如IUPAC 1974年推荐定义的S或R构型。术语“盐”、“溶剂化物”、“前药”等同样适用于本发明化合物的对映异构物、立体异构物、旋转异构物、互变异构物、位置异构物、外消旋物或前药的盐、溶剂化物和前药的盐、溶剂化物和前药。
本发明还提供了式I化合物的制备方法,以及用于治疗诸如丙型肝炎、艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合症)和有关病症的方法。该治疗方法包括对患有所述疾病的患者施用治疗有效量的式I化合物或含有式I化合物的药物组合物。
还公开了使用式I化合物制造用于治疗丙型肝炎、艾滋病及有关病症的药物。
还公开了一种治疗与丙型肝炎病毒有关的病症的方法,包括施用有效数量的一种或多种本发明化合物。
还公开了一种调制丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)蛋白酶的活性的方法,包括使HCV蛋白酶与一种或多种本发明化合物接触。
还公开了一种治疗、预防或缓解丙型肝炎的一种或多种症状的方法,包括施用有效数量的一种或多种本发明化合物。该HCV蛋白酶是NS3或NS4蛋白酶。本发明化合物抑制这种蛋白酶。它们也调制丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)多肽的加工。
本发明的另一特点是药物组合物,其中含有作为活性组分的至少一种式I化合物(或其盐、溶剂化物或异构物)及至少一种可药用的载体或赋形剂。于是,药物组合物一般另含有一种可药用的载体稀释剂、赋形剂或载体(本申请中统称为载体或载体材料)。因为它们具有HCV抑制活性,这些药物组合物适用于治疗丙型肝炎和有关的病症。
在另一实施方案中,本发明公开了制备药物组合物的方法,该组合物中含有至少一种本发明化合物作为活性组分。在该药物组合物和本发明的方法中,活性组分一般是与合适的载体材料以混合物形式给药,该载体材料要根据预定的给药形式,即,口服片剂、胶囊剂(固体填充的、半固体填充的或液体填充的)、配制用粉剂、口服凝胶、酏剂、可分散的粒剂、糖浆剂、混悬剂等,进行适当选择,并与常规的药学实践相一致。例如,对于片剂或胶囊剂形式口服给药,活性药物组分可以与任何口服的无毒可药用的惰性载体混合,例如乳糖、淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素、硬脂酸镁、磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、滑石、甘露醇、乙醇(液体形式)等。另外,如果希望或者需要,可以在混合物中渗入合适的粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂和着色剂。粉剂和片剂可以含约5-95%的本发明组合物。
合适的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖、玉米甜味剂、天然与合成树胶(如阿拉伯树胶)、藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和蜡。在润滑剂中,对于在这些剂型中使用可以提到硼酸、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、瓜尔胶等。适当时还可以包含甜味剂和风味剂以及防腐剂。以上提到的一些名词,即,崩解剂、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂等,下面要详细讨论。
另外,本发明的组合物可以配制成缓释形式,以便对任何一种或多种组分或活性成分提供受控释放,从而使治疗效果,即,HCV抑制活性等最优化。缓释的合适剂型包括层状片剂,其中含有崩解速度不同的多层,或浸渍着活性组分并制成药片形状的受控释放的聚合物基质,或含有这种浸渍的或包封的多孔聚合物基质的胶囊。
液体形式制剂包括溶剂剂、混悬剂和乳剂。作为实例可举出用于肠道外注射的水或水/丙二醇溶液,或加了甜味剂和镇静剂的口服溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。液体形式制剂还可以包括用于鼻内给药的溶液剂。
适合吸入的气雾剂可以包括溶液和粉末形式的固体,它们可以与可药用的载体例如惰性压缩气(如氮气)组合。
为制备栓剂,先将低熔点蜡例如脂肪酸甘油酯的混合物(如可可脂)熔化,利用搅拌或类似的混合手段将活性组分均匀地分散于其中。随后将熔化的均匀混合物倒入适当尺寸的模具中,令其冷却和固化。
还包括这样的固体形式制剂,它准备在使用前不久转化成用于口服或非肠道给药的液体形式制剂。这些液体形式包括溶液、悬浮液和乳液。
本发明化合物也可以经皮释药。这种透皮组合物可以采取乳膏、洗剂、气雾剂和/或乳剂的形式,并可象本领域中用于此目的的常规作法一样,包含在基质型或储库型的透皮贴剂中。
本发明化合物优选口服、静脉内或皮下给药。
药物制剂优选是单位剂量形式。在这种形式里,制剂被分成大小适当的单位剂量,其中包含适量的活性组分,即,为实现所希望的目的的有效数量。
单位剂量制剂中本发明组合物的数量通常可以根据具体用途,从约1.0毫克到约1000毫克,优选从约1.0到约950毫克,更优选从约1.0到约500毫克,典型地是从约1到约250毫克变化或调节。采用的准确剂量可以随患者的年龄、性别、体重和要治疗的病症的严重程度而变。这些技术是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
一般来说,人用的含活性组分的口服剂型可以每天给药1或2次。给药的数量和频率将根据主治医师的判断进行调节。通常建议的每日口服给药方案可以是每天约1.0-1000毫克,单次或分多次给药。
一些有用的术语说明如下:
胶囊——指由甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇或变性明胶或淀粉制成的用于存储或盛装含活性组分的组合物的特殊容器或包封物。硬壳胶囊一般由凝胶强度相对较高的骨胶和猪皮明胶的掺混物制成。胶囊本身可以含少量染料、遮光剂、增塑剂和防腐剂。
片剂——指压制或模制的含活性组分及适当稀释剂的固体剂型。片剂可以通过将湿法造粒、干法造粒或压实法得到的混合物或颗粒进行压制得到。
口服凝胶——指分散或增溶于亲水性半固体基质中的活性组分。
用于配制的粉剂指含有活性组分及适当稀释剂的粉末掺混物,它可悬浮于水或果汁中。
稀释剂——指通常构成组合物或剂型的主要部分的物质。合适的稀释剂包括糖、例如乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和山梨醇;由小麦、玉米、大米和土豆衍生得到的淀粉;以及纤维素,例如微晶纤维素。组合物中稀释剂的数量可以为组合物总重量的约10-90%,优选为约25-75%,更优选的约30-60%,最好是约12-60%。
崩解剂——是指加到组合物中促进其破碎(崩解)并释放出药物的那些材料。合适的崩解剂包括淀粉;“可溶于冷水的”改性淀粉,例如羧甲基淀粉钠;天然和合成树胶,例如槐豆胶、刺梧桐树胶、瓜尔胶、黄蓍胶和琼脂;纤维素衍生物,例如甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠;微晶纤维素和交联的微晶纤维素,例如交联的羧甲基纤维素钠;藻酸盐,例如藻酸和藻酸钠;粘土,例如膨润土;以及泡腾混合物。组合物中崩解剂的数量可以是组合物重量的约2-15%,更优选为约4-10%。
粘合剂——将粉末粘合或“胶粘”在一起,通过形成颗粒使其粘着的那些物质,它们在制剂中起“粘着剂”的作用。粘合剂增加在稀释剂或填充剂中已经存在的粘结强度。合适的粘合剂包括糖,例如蔗糖;得自小麦、玉米、大米和土豆的淀粉;天然胶,例如阿拉伯胶、明胶和黄蓍胶;海草衍生物,例如藻酸、藻酸钠和藻酸铵钙;纤维素材料,例如甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠及羟丙基纤维素;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;以及无机物,例如硅酸镁铝。组合物中的粘合剂用量可以是组合物重量的约2-20%,更优选为约3-10%,最好是约3-6%。
润滑剂——加到剂型中的一种物质,它通过减小摩擦或磨耗,使片剂、粒剂等在被压制后能从模具或冲模中解脱出来。合适的润滑剂包括金属的硬脂酸盐,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸钾;硬脂酸;高熔点蜡;以及水溶性润滑剂,例如氯化钠、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、油酸钠、聚乙二醇和d,L-亮氨酸。润滑剂通常在压制前的很后步骤中加入,因为它们必须存在于颗粒的表面上和颗粒与压片机部件之间。组合物中润滑剂的用量可以是组合物重量约约0.2-5%,优选为约0.5-2%,更优选为约0.3-1.5%。
助流剂——防止结块和改善颗粒的流动特性从而使流动平滑和均匀的物质。合适的助流剂包括二氧化硅和滑石。组合剂中助流剂的用量可以是组合物总重量的约0.1-5%,优选约0.5-2%。
着色剂——为组合物或剂型提供颜色的赋形剂。这类赋形剂可包括食品级染料和吸附在合适吸附剂(例如粘土或氧化铝)上的食品级染料。着色剂的用量可以为组合物重量的约0.1-5%,优选为约0.1-1%。
生物利用率——是指活性药物组分或疗效部分与标准或对照样相比,从服用的剂型中吸收到系统循环内的比率和程度。
常规的制备片剂的方法是已知的。这些方法包括干法(例如直接压制或将压实得到的颗粒压制)或者湿法或其它特殊方法。制备其它给药形式(例如胶囊剂、栓剂等)的常规方法也是众所周知的。
本发明的另一实施方案公开了上述药物组合物在治疗诸如丙型肝炎等疾病中的应用。所述方法包括对患有一种或多种此类疾病并需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量的本发明药物组合物。
在又一实施方案中,本发明化合物可以以单一疗法方式或以组合疗法(例如双重组合,三重组合等)方式用于治疗人类丙型肝炎,在后一方式中是与至少一种抗病毒药和/或免疫调节剂组合。这些抗病毒和/或免疫调节剂的实例包括利巴韦林(Schering-PloughCorporation,Madison,New Jersey)和LevovirinTM(ICNPharmaceuticals,Costa Mesa,California),VP 50406TM(Viropharma,Incorporated,Exton,Pennsylvania),ISIS14803TM(ISIS Pharmaceuticals,Carlsbad,California),HeptazymeTM(Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals,Boulder,Colorado),VX 497TM(VetexPharmaceuticals,Canbridge,Massachusetts),胸腺素(SciClonePharmaceuticals,San Mateo,California),二盐酸组胺(MaximPharmaceuticals,San Diego,Calformia),麦考酚酸吗乙酯(Hoffman-LaRoche,Nutley,New Jersey),干扰素(例如干扰素-α,PEG-干扰素α轭合物)等。“PEG-干扰素α轭合物”是共价连接到PEG分子上的干扰素α分子。PEG-干扰素α轭合物的实例包括聚乙二醇化的干扰素α-2a形式(例如以PegasysTM的商品名称销售)的干扰素α-2a(重组干扰素,hoffman La-Roche,Nutley,New Jersey),采取聚乙二醇化的干扰素-2b(例如PEG-IntronTM的商品名称销售)形式的干扰素α-2b(干扰能,SCh-ering-Plough Corporation),干扰素α-2c(Berofor AlphaTM,Boehringer Ingelheim,Ingelheim,Germany)或通过测定天然存在的干扰素α的共有序列定义的重组复合干扰素(InfergenTM,Amgen,Thousand Oaxs,California)。
如前所述,本发明还包括本发明化合物的互变异构体、旋转异构体、对映异构体及其它立体异构物。因此,正如本领域技术人员所理解的,一些本发明化合物可以以适当的异构形式存在。这些变化都被考虑在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的另一实施方案公开了一种制备本发明化合物的方法。这些化合物可以用本领域已知的几种方法制备。在以下反应示意图中概述了一个代表性的示例程序,随后是作为实施例的相关的合成步骤。应该理解,虽然台下的示意图和实施例说明了一些代表性的制备方法,但对反应顺序可以进行适当的修改,以得到本发明包含的其它化合物。这些变化均考虑在本发明的范围之内。
在制备实施例、示意图和实施例中使用的缩写符号是:
PPTS:对甲苯磺酸吡啶_盐
TsOH:对甲苯磺酸
DHP:二氢吡喃
THP:四氢吡喃
EDCI:1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺
HOOBt:3-羟基-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-4(3H)-酮
NMM:4-甲基吗啉
HATU:六氟磷酸O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-
      N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲_盐
DMSO:二甲基亚砜
Cbz-Cl:氯甲酸苄酯
Boc:叔丁氧羰基
EDCI:1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐
      酸盐
PyBrop:六氟磷酸三(吡咯烷基)溴磷_盐
iPrzNet:二异丙基乙胺
Boc-t-Leu-OH:N-丁氧羰基叔亮氨酸
一般制备示意图
Figure C0380266000451
PG是合适的保护基团。PG的非限制性实例是:四氢吡喃基、苄氧羰基、叔丁基二甲硅烷基。R同发明概要中的定义。
实施例
实施例1式I化合物的制备
Figure C0380266000461
步骤1
Figure C0380266000462
将酮亚胺1a(50g,187.1mmol)在无水THF(400mL)中的溶液于N2气和搅拌下冷却至-78℃,用叔丁醇钾的1M THF溶液(220mL,1.15当量)处理。将反应混合物温热至0℃,搅拌1小时,用溴甲基环丁烷(28mL,249mmol)处理。反应混合物在室温下搅拌48小时后减压浓缩。将残余物溶于Et2O(300mL),用盐酸(2M,300mL)处理。形成的溶液在室温下搅拌5小时,用Et2O(1L)萃取。水层用NaOH(50%水溶液)使呈碱性,至pH~12-14,用CH2Cl2(3×300mL)萃取。合并的有机层用MgSO4脱水,过滤后浓缩,得到纯胺(1b,18g),为无色油状物。
步骤2
将胺1b(18g,105.2mmol)在CH2Cl2(350mL)中的0℃溶液用二碳酸二叔丁酯(23g,105.4mmol)处理,室温下搅拌12小时。反应完全后(TLC),将反应混合物减压浓缩,残余物溶在THF/H2O(200mL,1∶1)中,用LiOH·H2O(6.5g,158.5mmol)处理,在室温下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物浓缩,碱性水层用乙醚萃取。水层用浓盐酸酸化至pH~1-2,用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层用MgSO4脱水,过滤,减压浓缩,得到无色的粘性油状物1c,它不作进一步纯化,直接用于下一步骤。
步骤3
Figure C0380266000471
酸1c(15.0g,62mmol)在CH2Cl2(250mL)中的溶液用BOP试剂(41.1g,93mmol)、N-甲基吗啉(27mL)、N,O-二甲基羟胺盐酸盐(9.07g,93mmol)处理并在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用1N盐酸(250mL)稀释,分层后水层用CH2Cl2(3300mL)萃取。合并的有机层用MgSO4脱水,过滤,减压浓缩并用色谱法纯化(SiO2,EtOAc/Hex2∶3),得到酰胺1d(15.0g),为无色固体。
步骤4
Figure C0380266000472
将酰胺1d(15g,52.1mmol)在无水THF(200mL)中的溶液0℃下用LiAlH4溶液(1M,93mL,93mmol)逐滴处理。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,在0℃下用KHSO4(10%水溶液)小心地猝灭反应,搅拌0.5小时。将反应混合物用稀盐酸(1M,150mL)稀释,用CH2Cl2(3×200mL)萃取,合并的有机层用1M盐酸、饱和NaHCO3溶液、盐水洗,用MgSO4脱水。将混合物过滤,减压浓缩,得到粘稠的无色油状物1e(14g)。
步骤5
将醛1e(14g,61.6mmol)在CH2Cl2(50mL)中的溶液用三乙胺(10.73mL,74.4mmol)和丙酮羟腈(10.86g,127.57mmol)处理,室温下搅拌24小时。将反应混合物减压浓缩,用盐酸(1M,200mL)稀释,萃取到二氯甲烷(3×200mL)中。合并的有机层用水、盐水洗,用MgSO4脱水,过滤,减压浓缩,用色谱法纯化(SiO2,EtOAc/Hex 1∶4),得到1f(10.3g),为无色液体。
步骤6
Figure C0380266000482
通过在0℃向甲醇(700mL)中鼓入HCl制成HCl饱和的甲醇(或者是,也可以使用向无水甲醇中加入乙酰氯制成的6M HCl),将其用羟腈1f处理并加热回流24小时。将反应混合物减压浓缩得到1g,它用于下一步骤前不再纯化。
步骤7
Figure C0380266000491
按照R.Zhang和J.S.Madalengoitia的方法(J.Org.Chem.1999,64,330),但是通过Boc-保护的氨基酸与HCl甲醇溶液反应裂解掉Boc保护基,制备氨基酯1i。
将商品氨基酸Boc-Chg-OH,1h(Senn Chemicals,6.64g,24.1mmol)和胺的盐酸盐1i(4.5g,22mmol)在CH2Cl2(100mL)中的0℃溶液用BOP试剂处理并在室温下搅拌15小时。将反应混合物减压浓缩,然后用1M盐酸稀释,萃取到EtOAc(3×200mL)中。合并的有机层用饱和NaHCO3(200mL)洗,脱水(MgSO4),过滤和减压浓缩,经色谱分离(SiO2,EtOAc/Hex,3∶7),得到无色固体1j(6.0g)。
步骤8
将甲酯1j(4.0g,9.79mmol)在THF/H2O(1∶1)中的溶液用LiOH·H2O(401mg,9.79mmol)处理,在室温下搅拌3小时。反应混合物用盐酸酸化并减压浓缩,得到游离酸。
将该酸在DMF/CH2CL2(1∶1,50mL)中的溶液用胺1g(1.0当量)、EDCI(1.5当量)、HOOBt(1.25当量)和NMM(4.0当量)在-10℃下处理。反应混合物在0℃搅拌48小时并减压浓缩。残余物用1M盐酸稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层用NaCHO3水溶液、盐酸、盐水萃取,用MgSO4脱水,过滤后减压浓缩,得到1k,为棕黄色固体。
步骤9
Figure C0380266000501
将酯1k在THF/H2O中的溶液用LiOH(1.5当量)水解并减压浓缩。该酸按下述直接用于和各种胺偶合。
将该酸(100mg,0.19mmol)在CH2Cl2/DMF(各3mL)中的溶液用(S)-氮杂环丙烷-2-羧酸甲酯(R=COOCH3,25mg,0.38mmol)、HATU(73mg,0.19mmol)和NMM(63mg,0.6mmol)处理,在0℃3下搅拌12小时。反应混合物用CH2Cl2(100mL)稀释,用盐酸(1M,100mL)、饱和NaHCO3溶液(100mL)、盐水(100mL)洗,脱水(MgSO4),过滤和减压浓缩,得到1L,将其用于氧化反应。
将羟基酰胺(1L)溶于CH2Cl2(5mL)中用Dess Martin试剂(200mg)处理,室温下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物用NaHSO3水溶液和NaHCO3水溶液(各20mL)稀释,萃取到CH2Cl2(100mL)中。合并的有机层用NaHCO3水溶液洗,用MgSO4脱水,减压浓缩后用色谱法纯化,得到无色的无定形固体1(R=COOCH3,59mg)。
利用上述方法制备的一些化合物及其结合活性列于表1中。
表1
Figure C0380266000511
结合活性A:<5μM
试验对于HCV蛋白酶的抑制活性
分光光度分析
按照2002年1月31日公布的PCT出版物WO 02/08244中描述的步骤,对本发明化合物进行HCV丝氨酸蛋白酶的分光光度分析。表1中化合物的活性列在同一表中。
虽然已联系上述具体实施方案描述了本发明,但对于本领域的普通技术人员,显而易见可以有很多改动、修改及其它变化。所有这些改动、修改和变化都属于本发明的精神与范围之内。

Claims (21)

1.一种化合物或该化合物的对映异构物、立体异构物、旋转异构物、互变异构物或外消旋物,或该化合物的可药用盐或溶剂化物,所述化合物具有式I所示的一般结构:
Figure C038026600002C1
式I
其中:
Figure C038026600002C2
选自
Figure C038026600002C3
Y选自C1-C12烷氧基和C1-C12烷基氨基;
R1是:
Figure C038026600002C5
其中k是从0至5的数字;R11代表环上任选存在的取代基,各取代基独立地选自C1-C12烷基、羧基和任选地被C6-C14芳基取代的C1-C12烷氧羰基;
Z选自O和N;
W选自C=O和C=S;
R2选自H、C1-C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基和(C3-C8环烷基)C1-C6烷基;
R3选自H、C1-C10烷基和C3-C8环烷基;
R4选自H和C1-C10烷基。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600003C1
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R3是选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600003C2
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中R3是选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600003C3
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中Z是N,R4是H。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中W是C=O。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中Y是选自以下基团
Figure C038026600004C1
8.权利要求7的化合物,其中Y是选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600004C2
9.权利要求8的化合物,其中Y选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600005C1
10.权利要求9的化合物,其中R2选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600005C2
11.权利要求9的化合物,其中R2选自以下基团:
Figure C038026600005C3
12.一种药物组合物,其中含有至少一种权利要求1化合物作为活性组分。
13.权利要求12的药物组合物,其中另外含有至少一种可药用的载体。
14.权利要求13的药物组合物,其中另外含有至少一种抗病毒剂。
15.权利要求14的药物组合物,其中还另含干扰素或聚乙二醇化的干扰素。
16.权利要求15的药物组合物,其中该至少一种抗病毒剂是利巴韦林,该干扰素是α-干扰素或PEG-干扰素α轭合物。
17.权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的盐或溶剂化物,该化合物是选自:
Figure C038026600006C1
18.一种药物组合物,含有治疗有效量的一种或多种权利要求17的化合物及可药用的载体。
19.权利要求18的药物组合物,其中还含有至少一种抗病毒剂。
20.权利要求19的药物组合物,其中还含有干扰素或聚乙二醇化的干扰素。
21.权利要求20的药物组合物,其中该抗病毒剂是利巴韦林,该干扰素是α-干扰素或PEG-干扰素α轭合物。
CNB038026600A 2002-01-23 2003-01-21 作为ns3-丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的脯氨酸化合物用于制备治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染的药物 Expired - Fee Related CN100352819C (zh)

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