CH651914A5 - PLANT FOR THE AIR CONDITIONING OF BUILDINGS. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention proposes a system for the air conditioning of buildings in particular of industrial buildings, which allows to considerably reduce the thermal losses that occur in buildings, in particular at the roof.

As is known, the heating of buildings involves very high costs and consequently the need to reduce these costs through appropriate measures is increasingly felt.

However, although modern technologies offer materials with ever better insulation characteristics, the dispersions still remain excessively high.

In particular, in buildings of considerable height there is a concomitance of unfavorable conditions that favor these dispersions.

In fact, the heating area is, in almost all cases, the lower area of the building. On the other hand, to keep this area at a convenient temperature, the entire volume of the building must be heated.

However, since the heat, due to a known physical effect, tends to move upwards, the air temperature in the upper part of the buildings is higher than that found in the useful area.

Furthermore, since in industrial buildings the roof is the least insulated wall from the thermal point of view, it happens that the greatest difference in temperature between the inside and the outside occurs precisely in correspondence with it.

It therefore happens that the greatest dispersions occur precisely at that part of the building that is less important to heat.

In addition, the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the building causes hot air to escape from the cracks and slits existing above, due to an equally well-known physical principle called the "chimney effect".

This determines the infiltration of a hardly controllable quantity of cold air precisely at the lower part of the building, which is the one that most interests heating.

To overcome the drawbacks described, the present invention proposes a system for the air conditioning of buildings, in particular of industrial buildings, characterized by the fact of providing a porous type barrier designed to create a pressure drop and to distribute the surface uniformly over the entire surface. air flow that passes through it, said barrier defining an area under the roof and means being provided for introducing air into the said area from the outside, in order to keep it in a state of overpressure with respect to the area below.

This creates an air flow that acts as a barrier preventing heat from being dispersed by conduction and radiation through the roof and walls of the building.

In essence, the system provides means for introducing, in correspondence with the upper part of the building, a certain amount of air in overpressure and for distributing this air along the roof and the walls so as to prevent the internal hot air from coming into contact with them dispersing heat.

The introduction of air in the upper area reduces the infiltration of external air in the lower part of the building and allows to recover the stratified heat in the upper part which is used to heat the air that has been introduced and that goes towards the bass.

In essence, therefore, the system provides means for introducing a certain amount of external air under the roof so as to create a barrier that prevents the hot air present internally from lapping the roof and thus dispersing the heat externally.

The air introduced directs downwards, absorbing during the journey heat from the upper layers of hot air, to reach the lower area at the required temperature.

To prevent the air introduced into the building from going down according to localized flow lines, the invention provides for the use of the barrier capable of creating pressure drops, porous, capable of ensuring a uniform distribution of this flow over the whole surface of the building.

Figs. 1 to 4, shown in the only attached table, schematically illustrate different ways of realizing the system according to the invention.

The following description refers to the attached figures in which:

fig. 1 schematically illustrates the section of a shed equipped with a plant according to the invention;

fig. 3 shows a further version of a plant according to the invention;

fig. 4 shows a further version of a plant according to the invention.

In fig. 1 schematically illustrates the section of a building divided into two parts by a false ceiling 1 consisting of a preferably translucent "porous" barrier which defines, under the roof, a zone 2 in which through a turret 3 and a distribution duct 4 a quantity of air is introduced from the outside such as to keep this chamber in a state of overpressure with respect to the lower zone; "porous" means a barrier designed to create pressure drops.

This pressure is distributed almost evenly over the entire surface of the barrier 1 and, as a consequence, there is a passage of air directed downwards through the false ceiling.

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651 914

The stratified heat in the environment is absorbed by this air which reaches the lower area already at the required temperature.

With this system, therefore, the thermal insulation of the roof is realized since the greater pressure existing in the chamber 2 prevents the heated air present in the room below from rising up to touch the roof itself.

The presence of overpressure air inside the room allows to avoid the infiltration of cold air in correspondence with the lower area of the building where there are necessarily access openings.

It is preferable to provide the false ceiling 1 in translucent material, in order to allow the passage of light in the case of sheds illuminated from above.

In fig. 3 schematically shows a building, such as a greenhouse or the like, for example, in which the false ceiling 7 is made by means of a series of inflatable tubular elements 8, preferably in transparent material such as polyethylene, for example.

In the event that there are significant heat dispersions even through the walls, for example in the case of large glass surfaces, it is possible to extend the porous barrier also in correspondence with the walls as illustrated, again schematically, in fig. 4.

Here the translucent porous barrier 9 creates an interlayer 25 at the walls, in which the air introduced in the upper part is suitably distributed always through a turret 11 and a distribution duct 12.

In essence, therefore, since the heat losses through a wall are proportional to the difference between the external and internal temperature, the method according to the invention provides for the introduction of a certain amount of air, in correspondence with the upper zone of an industrial building, so as to create an air cushion in correspondence with the internal surface of the roof and the walls, which prevents heat from reaching the walls and the roof themselves.

This air is distributed so as to conveniently insulate the dispersing surfaces and to recover the stratified heat in the upper part of the environment by using it to heat the external air introduced.

In this way dispersions through the roof are avoided as the same temperature is obtained both outside and inside, in the immediate vicinity of the wall.

It also creates a pressurization inside the building such as to prevent infiltration of cold air into the lower part of the environment.

The possibility of keeping the interior of the building in a state of overpressure also allows, precisely because it prevents air infiltration in the lower part, to avoid the inconvenience deriving from the dust that would otherwise be raised.

Obviously, the system allows multiple other applications: for example, it can be used effectively in environments such as greenhouses, livestock farms, gyms, swimming pools, meeting rooms, cinemas, theaters, being able to be applied both to roofs and walls, and only to surfaces. glass windows creating, in the latter case, a special cavity with a porous and translucent barrier.

In the experimental plants implemented, there was a noticeable improvement in the environmental conditions, together with a considerable energy saving which made it possible to amortize the cost of the plant in a very short time.

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1 sheet of drawings

Claims (7)

651 914 1. Building air conditioning system, characterized by the fact of providing a porous type barrier, capable of creating pressure drops and uniformly distributing the flow of air passing through it over the entire surface, called the barrier defining an area outside under the cover, being provided means for introducing air into the said area from the outside, in order to keep it in a state of overpressure with respect to the area below. • 2. Air conditioning system for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides means for creating an air insulation layer in correspondence with the internal surface of the roof and the walls, for introducing an external air layer tangentially to the same . 2 3. Building air conditioning system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides means for creating, in correspondence with the upper area of the building, an overpressure chamber so as to create a uniformly distributed air flow, directed by said overpressure chamber towards the area below. 4. Building air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides the porous barrier in translucent material. 5. Plant according to claim I, characterized in that it provides the porous barrier made up of inflatable tubular elements placed close to each other. 6. Plant according to claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that said barrier also extends in proximity to the side walls in order to define a cavity in correspondence with any windows, windows or the like. 7. Plant according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides, in correspondence with the upper part of a building, ducts adapted to introduce air in correspondence with the upper zone of the building itself and means suitable for conveying said air along the roof and the part top of the walls.