CA1178841A - Heat insulating method and assembly for a building - Google Patents
Heat insulating method and assembly for a buildingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178841A CA1178841A CA000408444A CA408444A CA1178841A CA 1178841 A CA1178841 A CA 1178841A CA 000408444 A CA000408444 A CA 000408444A CA 408444 A CA408444 A CA 408444A CA 1178841 A CA1178841 A CA 1178841A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- roof
- air
- building
- outside air
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
- F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
- F24F7/10—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with air supply, or exhaust, through perforated wall, floor or ceiling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
Heat insulating method, intended particularly for an industrial building, by means of which air is admitted, at outdoor temperature, into a zone below the roof, in order to decrease thermal gradient between the upper and the lower part of the building, and thus lower heat losses through the roof. A barrier made of porous, preferably translucent, material allows uniform distri-bution, over the whole surface of the building, of the air moving from the upper over-pressured area to the lower area.
Heat insulating method, intended particularly for an industrial building, by means of which air is admitted, at outdoor temperature, into a zone below the roof, in order to decrease thermal gradient between the upper and the lower part of the building, and thus lower heat losses through the roof. A barrier made of porous, preferably translucent, material allows uniform distri-bution, over the whole surface of the building, of the air moving from the upper over-pressured area to the lower area.
Description
li'7l~8~
The present invention relates to a method of heat insulating a building, particularly an industrial building, allowing to remarkably decrease heat losses by thermal dissipation, especially through the roof. The invention also relates to a building with means for carrying out the above method.
As is well known,-the heating of premises is very expensive and the problem of reducing the relevant costs by means of suitable measures is becoming a more and more urgent matter.
Despite the fact that modern technology allows the use of materials having an ever-increasing degree of insulation, thermal dissipation or heat losses continue to be excessively high. In particular, very high buildings are those especially affected by heat losses due to a concurrence of unfavourable causes.
In almost all cases, it is the lower part of the building that is to be heated. On the other hand, in order to keep this part at a proper temperature, it is necessary to heat the whole of the building, and since heat, due to a known physical effect, tends to rise, the air temperature in upper level of a building is higher than that at the working levelO
Furthermore, the roof is the least thermally insulated area in industrial buildings (both for technical and economic reasons), and it is in this area that the greatest difference between outdoor and lndoor temperatures occurs.
It follows that the maximum losses occur in that part of a building where heating is not a major problem.
Moreover, the difference in temperature between the upper and the lower parts of a building causes hot air to escape through fissures and holes existing in the upper part of the building, due to the so-called draught effect.
,~ ~
,~ .
'' This creates, by reaction,-corresponding filtration of a certain amount of cold air at the lower level of the building, where heating is most important.
In order to avoid the inconveniences mentioned above,-the present invention provides a method of heat insuIating buildings (industrial sheds in particular), according to which a certain amount of air is allowed from outside in the upper part of the shed, so as to produce a laminar flow acting as a barrier against heat losses due to conduction and radiation through the building roof and walls.
The method consists substantially in allowing a certain amount of over-pressured air to enter the upper part of the building, and then to evenly spread it close to the roof and walls,-so that the inner hot air does not come into contact with the roof and walls and no loss of heat occurs.
The admission of air such as the one described above reduces the filtration of outside air in the lower part of the building, permitting to recover the heat hovering in strata in the upper part, and to utilize the same to heat the air that was let in and that is heading downwards.
Basically, the method consists in letting in a certain amount of air from outside in the area of the roof, so as to create a barrier preventing the inner hot air from touching the roof itself and causing heat losses.
The air introduced into the room makes its way downwards, absorbing heat from the upper hot air level, until it reaches-the lower level at the desired temperature.
To prevent the air introduced into the room from heading downwards following localized flow lines, there is provided an air pervious porous barrier allowing an even distribution of the flow over all of the surface of the building.
~ - 2 -li7~
Accordingly, the invention as broadly claimed herein is a method of heat insulating a building having a roof, comprising: blowing outside air in said building through said roof and distributing said outside air along said roof to create an outside air cushion preventing warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
An air pervious barrier is preferably mounted beneath the roof to define therebetween a heat insulating zone, this barrier being suitable to allow over-pressurization of the outside air in the zone with respect to the pressure of the warmer air thus permitting the outside air in the zone to move across the air pervious barrier in the direction of the warmer air.
The invention is likewise broadly claimed herein as a heat insulating assembly for a building having a roof, comprising: a blower and means mounting said blower on said roof to blow outside air into said building, and means forcing said outside air to flow along said roof, inside said building, to create an outside air cushion along said roof suitable to prevent warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided an air pervious barrier which is mounted beneath the roof and which defines therebetween a heat insulating zone, which barrier is suitable to allow over-pressurization of the outside air in the zone with respect to the pres-sure of the warmer air thus permitting the outside air in the zone to move across the air pervious barrier in the direction of the warmer air.
Appended Figures 1 to 4 are schematic elevation views of four different ways of applying the method of the invention.
f~
- `:
: :
, 11~88~s1 Fig. 1 schematically shows the section of a building divided in two by a ceiling 1 made of a porous, preferably translucent air pervious barrier, which defines, below the roof,-a heat-insulating zone 2 where, through a duct 3 and an air distribution passage 4, there is admitted from outside an amount of air sufficient to keep the zone 2 over-pressured as compared to the lower warmer zone. By porous barrier~ is meant a barrier apt to cause a loss of pressure head.
Such a pressure spreads uniformly all over the surface of barrier 1 and, as a consequence thereof, the flow of air passes through the ceiling 1 and heads down-wards. The air absorbs the heat in the room, and reaches the lower zone at the desired temperature.
By this system, therefore,-thermal insulation of the roof is achieved, in that the higher pressure of zone 2 prevents the heated air present in the room from going up and reaching the roof itself.
Due to the over-pressured air present in the room it is then possible to avoid infiltration of cold air correspondingly at the lower part of the premises, wherein intake openings are usually provided.
The ceiling 1 is advantageously made of trans-lucent material, with a view to allowing the light to pass through, in the case of sheds with overhead lighting.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the section of a building insulated by the system according to the invention, in the case wherein the use of the porous barrier is not opportune or possible.
If this is the case, the outdoor air can be admitted, e.g. by means of a fan or other known device, through a duct 5 and a passage 6, although suitable deflectors must be provided in order to make the air touch the whole inner surace of the roofing.
- li78~
In this way the air tends to stick tangentially to the surface, according to the Coanda principle, and a real cold air cushion is interposed between the inside area and the roof. In this case too the air cushion prevents heat from reaching the roof and escaping through it.
In Fig. 3 there is schematically shown a building, for instance a glasshouse or the like, wherein the ceiling 7 is built by means of a number of inflatable tubular elements 8, preferably made of transparent material such as, e.gO, polyethyleneO
When there is also a considerable loss of heat through the walls, for instance in the case of glass surfaces of large size, it is possible to apply the porous barrier even to the walls (as illustrated, always schematically, in fig. 4). Here a hollow space 10 is formed in correspondence to the walls by the porous translucent barrier 9. In this space 10, the air which has previously been admitted in the upper part of the building through a duct 11 and a distributing passage 12, is appropriately distributed.
As the amount of heat which is lost through a wall is proportional to the difference between the out-door and the indoor temperatures,the method according to the invention provides for the admission of a certain - amount of air in the upper part of an industrial building, so as to form, in correspondence to the inner surface of the roof and walls, an air cushion preventing heat from reaching the roof and walls.
The air is spread so as to properly insulate the dissipative surfaces, and recover the heat existing in strata in the upper part of the room by exploiting it to heat the air admitted from outside.
~i7884~
In this manner, heat dissipation through the roof is avoided, in that the outdoor and the indoor temperatures (very close to the wall) are the same.
Moreover, the state of over-pressure in which the inside of the building is kept prevents cold air from filtering in at the lower level thereof. Because of this, no inconvenience is caused by dust which would other-wise occur.
The method according to the invention may be used in various buildings, for example in glasshouses, stables, gymnasiums, swimming-pools, meeting-rooms, cinemas, theatres, etc. It can be applied both to roofs and walls,-or to glass surfaces only; in the latter case, a suitable interspace is made by means of a porous translucent barrier.
The existing experimental uses were found to pay off in a very short time, due to the improvements in the environmental conditions and a considerable saving in energy. Many changes and variations could then be provided by a person skilled in the art, although they should all fall within the ambit of the present invention, as herein claimed.
. -- 6 --
The present invention relates to a method of heat insulating a building, particularly an industrial building, allowing to remarkably decrease heat losses by thermal dissipation, especially through the roof. The invention also relates to a building with means for carrying out the above method.
As is well known,-the heating of premises is very expensive and the problem of reducing the relevant costs by means of suitable measures is becoming a more and more urgent matter.
Despite the fact that modern technology allows the use of materials having an ever-increasing degree of insulation, thermal dissipation or heat losses continue to be excessively high. In particular, very high buildings are those especially affected by heat losses due to a concurrence of unfavourable causes.
In almost all cases, it is the lower part of the building that is to be heated. On the other hand, in order to keep this part at a proper temperature, it is necessary to heat the whole of the building, and since heat, due to a known physical effect, tends to rise, the air temperature in upper level of a building is higher than that at the working levelO
Furthermore, the roof is the least thermally insulated area in industrial buildings (both for technical and economic reasons), and it is in this area that the greatest difference between outdoor and lndoor temperatures occurs.
It follows that the maximum losses occur in that part of a building where heating is not a major problem.
Moreover, the difference in temperature between the upper and the lower parts of a building causes hot air to escape through fissures and holes existing in the upper part of the building, due to the so-called draught effect.
,~ ~
,~ .
'' This creates, by reaction,-corresponding filtration of a certain amount of cold air at the lower level of the building, where heating is most important.
In order to avoid the inconveniences mentioned above,-the present invention provides a method of heat insuIating buildings (industrial sheds in particular), according to which a certain amount of air is allowed from outside in the upper part of the shed, so as to produce a laminar flow acting as a barrier against heat losses due to conduction and radiation through the building roof and walls.
The method consists substantially in allowing a certain amount of over-pressured air to enter the upper part of the building, and then to evenly spread it close to the roof and walls,-so that the inner hot air does not come into contact with the roof and walls and no loss of heat occurs.
The admission of air such as the one described above reduces the filtration of outside air in the lower part of the building, permitting to recover the heat hovering in strata in the upper part, and to utilize the same to heat the air that was let in and that is heading downwards.
Basically, the method consists in letting in a certain amount of air from outside in the area of the roof, so as to create a barrier preventing the inner hot air from touching the roof itself and causing heat losses.
The air introduced into the room makes its way downwards, absorbing heat from the upper hot air level, until it reaches-the lower level at the desired temperature.
To prevent the air introduced into the room from heading downwards following localized flow lines, there is provided an air pervious porous barrier allowing an even distribution of the flow over all of the surface of the building.
~ - 2 -li7~
Accordingly, the invention as broadly claimed herein is a method of heat insulating a building having a roof, comprising: blowing outside air in said building through said roof and distributing said outside air along said roof to create an outside air cushion preventing warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
An air pervious barrier is preferably mounted beneath the roof to define therebetween a heat insulating zone, this barrier being suitable to allow over-pressurization of the outside air in the zone with respect to the pressure of the warmer air thus permitting the outside air in the zone to move across the air pervious barrier in the direction of the warmer air.
The invention is likewise broadly claimed herein as a heat insulating assembly for a building having a roof, comprising: a blower and means mounting said blower on said roof to blow outside air into said building, and means forcing said outside air to flow along said roof, inside said building, to create an outside air cushion along said roof suitable to prevent warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided an air pervious barrier which is mounted beneath the roof and which defines therebetween a heat insulating zone, which barrier is suitable to allow over-pressurization of the outside air in the zone with respect to the pres-sure of the warmer air thus permitting the outside air in the zone to move across the air pervious barrier in the direction of the warmer air.
Appended Figures 1 to 4 are schematic elevation views of four different ways of applying the method of the invention.
f~
- `:
: :
, 11~88~s1 Fig. 1 schematically shows the section of a building divided in two by a ceiling 1 made of a porous, preferably translucent air pervious barrier, which defines, below the roof,-a heat-insulating zone 2 where, through a duct 3 and an air distribution passage 4, there is admitted from outside an amount of air sufficient to keep the zone 2 over-pressured as compared to the lower warmer zone. By porous barrier~ is meant a barrier apt to cause a loss of pressure head.
Such a pressure spreads uniformly all over the surface of barrier 1 and, as a consequence thereof, the flow of air passes through the ceiling 1 and heads down-wards. The air absorbs the heat in the room, and reaches the lower zone at the desired temperature.
By this system, therefore,-thermal insulation of the roof is achieved, in that the higher pressure of zone 2 prevents the heated air present in the room from going up and reaching the roof itself.
Due to the over-pressured air present in the room it is then possible to avoid infiltration of cold air correspondingly at the lower part of the premises, wherein intake openings are usually provided.
The ceiling 1 is advantageously made of trans-lucent material, with a view to allowing the light to pass through, in the case of sheds with overhead lighting.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the section of a building insulated by the system according to the invention, in the case wherein the use of the porous barrier is not opportune or possible.
If this is the case, the outdoor air can be admitted, e.g. by means of a fan or other known device, through a duct 5 and a passage 6, although suitable deflectors must be provided in order to make the air touch the whole inner surace of the roofing.
- li78~
In this way the air tends to stick tangentially to the surface, according to the Coanda principle, and a real cold air cushion is interposed between the inside area and the roof. In this case too the air cushion prevents heat from reaching the roof and escaping through it.
In Fig. 3 there is schematically shown a building, for instance a glasshouse or the like, wherein the ceiling 7 is built by means of a number of inflatable tubular elements 8, preferably made of transparent material such as, e.gO, polyethyleneO
When there is also a considerable loss of heat through the walls, for instance in the case of glass surfaces of large size, it is possible to apply the porous barrier even to the walls (as illustrated, always schematically, in fig. 4). Here a hollow space 10 is formed in correspondence to the walls by the porous translucent barrier 9. In this space 10, the air which has previously been admitted in the upper part of the building through a duct 11 and a distributing passage 12, is appropriately distributed.
As the amount of heat which is lost through a wall is proportional to the difference between the out-door and the indoor temperatures,the method according to the invention provides for the admission of a certain - amount of air in the upper part of an industrial building, so as to form, in correspondence to the inner surface of the roof and walls, an air cushion preventing heat from reaching the roof and walls.
The air is spread so as to properly insulate the dissipative surfaces, and recover the heat existing in strata in the upper part of the room by exploiting it to heat the air admitted from outside.
~i7884~
In this manner, heat dissipation through the roof is avoided, in that the outdoor and the indoor temperatures (very close to the wall) are the same.
Moreover, the state of over-pressure in which the inside of the building is kept prevents cold air from filtering in at the lower level thereof. Because of this, no inconvenience is caused by dust which would other-wise occur.
The method according to the invention may be used in various buildings, for example in glasshouses, stables, gymnasiums, swimming-pools, meeting-rooms, cinemas, theatres, etc. It can be applied both to roofs and walls,-or to glass surfaces only; in the latter case, a suitable interspace is made by means of a porous translucent barrier.
The existing experimental uses were found to pay off in a very short time, due to the improvements in the environmental conditions and a considerable saving in energy. Many changes and variations could then be provided by a person skilled in the art, although they should all fall within the ambit of the present invention, as herein claimed.
. -- 6 --
Claims (9)
1. A method of heat insulating a building having a roof, comprising: blowing outside air in said building through said roof and distributing said outside air along said roof to create an outside air cushion preventing warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising providing an air pervious barrier beneath said roof defining therebetween a heat insulating zone, said barrier being suitable to allow overpressurization of said outside air in said zone with respect to the pressure of said warmer air thus permitting said outside air in said zone to move across said air pervious barrier in the direction of said warmer air.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, comprising blowing said outside air through said roof and tangentially therealong whereby to distribute said outside air evenly throughout said insulating zone.
4. A method as claimed in claims 2 or 3, wherein said building has walls depending from said roof and said air pervious barrier extends parallel to and at a distance from said walls to define therebetween an additional insulating zone communicating with said insulating zone beneath said roof.
5. A heat insulating assembly for a building having a roof, comprising: a blower and means mounting said blower on said roof to blow outside air into said building, and means forcing said outside air to flow along said roof, inside said building, to create an outside air cushion along said roof suitable to prevent warmer air in said building from reaching said roof.
6. A heat insulating assembly as claimed in claim 5, comprising an air pervious barrier mounted beneath said roof and defining therebetween a heat insulating zone, said barrier being suitable to allow overpressurization of said outside air in said zone with respect to the pressure of said warmer air thus per-mitting said outside air in said zone to move across said air pervious barrier in the direction of said warmer air.
7. A heat insulating assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein said building has walls depending from said roof and said air pervious barrier extends parallel to and at a distance from said wall to define therebetween an additional insulating zone communicating with said insulating zone beneath said roof.
8. A heat insulating assembly as claimed in claims 6 or 7, wherein said pervious material is a translucent material.
9. A heat insulating assembly as claimed in claims 6 or 7, wherein said air pervious material is made of a plurality of inflatable tubular elements of transparent material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8123283A IT8123283A0 (en) | 1981-07-31 | 1981-07-31 | HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR DESTRATIFICATION, OVERPRESSURE AND THERMAL INSULATION THROUGH DISTRIBUTION OF AIR AT OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE IN THE UPPER PART OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS. |
| IT23283A/81 | 1981-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1178841A true CA1178841A (en) | 1984-12-04 |
Family
ID=11205633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408444A Expired CA1178841A (en) | 1981-07-31 | 1982-07-30 | Heat insulating method and assembly for a building |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5852926A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE893893A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1178841A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH651914A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3228401A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK341782A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES514552A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2510728B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2105458B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8123283A0 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8203061A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8204508L (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT8324441A0 (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1983-12-30 | Marco Zambolin | PROCEDURE FOR PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING OF BUILDINGS. |
| SE8502043D0 (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1985-04-26 | Innovent Ab | DEVICE FOR BREATHING CLEAN AIR IN EXAMPLE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND S CLEANING ROOMS |
| WO1986006460A1 (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-06 | Mtd Medical Development And Technology Ltd | Method and means for supplying clean air to an operating room |
| FR2648496B1 (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1994-04-15 | Bader Michel | FALSE CEILINGS IN FABRICS TIGHTENED AT LEAST IN PART PERMEABLE USED TO CREATE A VOLUME OF AIR DISTRIBUTION IN HEATING OR AIR CONDITIONING |
| CN112840907B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-07-12 | 创融建设(福建)集团有限公司 | Environment-friendly building house and construction method thereof |
| CN115218329B (en) * | 2022-07-16 | 2023-07-21 | 浙江蓝绿双城建筑设计有限公司 | Fresh air system for industrial building |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB509568A (en) * | 1937-12-10 | 1939-07-18 | Henri Moreau | Improvements in or relating to the air-conditioning of premises and confined enclosures to which these improvements are applied |
| US2988980A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1961-06-20 | Hans R Tschudin | Heat distribution panel |
| CH378496A (en) * | 1959-12-16 | 1964-06-15 | Holger Dr Lueder | Method and arrangement for air conditioning a room by supplying or withdrawing heat for the most part by means of radiation exchange |
| CH491332A (en) * | 1968-05-16 | 1970-05-31 | Sulzer Ag | Perforated ceiling |
| JPS4725478U (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1972-11-22 | ||
| US3835758A (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1974-09-17 | J Bean | Dwelling space air condition control and air change control system |
| US4112989A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1978-09-12 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Flexible collapsible blood freezing containers |
| DE2705952C2 (en) * | 1977-02-12 | 1986-04-17 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG Zweigniederlassung Fahr, 7702 Gottmadingen | Driver's cab for vehicles used in agriculture and / or construction, in particular combine harvesters |
| SE423572B (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1982-05-10 | Anders Daniel Backlund | HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM |
| DE2932170A1 (en) * | 1979-02-15 | 1980-08-21 | Haugeneder Hans | BUILDING SHELL |
| DE3040466A1 (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-06-03 | Wilhelm 3527 Calden Lecke | Living room ventilation system - comprises conduits laid along inside walls connected to outside wall aperture containing fan |
-
1981
- 1981-07-31 IT IT8123283A patent/IT8123283A0/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-07-20 BE BE0/208638A patent/BE893893A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-23 GB GB08221310A patent/GB2105458B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-28 CH CH4577/82A patent/CH651914A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-29 DE DE19823228401 patent/DE3228401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-07-29 SE SE8204508A patent/SE8204508L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-07-30 DK DK341782A patent/DK341782A/en unknown
- 1982-07-30 CA CA000408444A patent/CA1178841A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-30 FR FR8213345A patent/FR2510728B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-30 ES ES514552A patent/ES514552A0/en active Granted
- 1982-07-30 JP JP57134623A patent/JPS5852926A/en active Pending
- 1982-07-30 NL NL8203061A patent/NL8203061A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5852926A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
| GB2105458A (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| DE3228401A1 (en) | 1983-02-17 |
| IT8123283A0 (en) | 1981-07-31 |
| FR2510728A1 (en) | 1983-02-04 |
| GB2105458B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| SE8204508L (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| DK341782A (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| BE893893A (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| CH651914A5 (en) | 1985-10-15 |
| NL8203061A (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| ES8307356A1 (en) | 1983-07-01 |
| ES514552A0 (en) | 1983-07-01 |
| FR2510728B1 (en) | 1988-07-29 |
| SE8204508D0 (en) | 1982-07-29 |
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