CH650535A5 - WOVEN AND EXTENDED, SOLVENT-FREE POLYAETHYLENE FILAMENTS, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLVENT-FREE POLYMER FILAMENTS. - Google Patents
WOVEN AND EXTENDED, SOLVENT-FREE POLYAETHYLENE FILAMENTS, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLVENT-FREE POLYMER FILAMENTS. Download PDFInfo
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- CH650535A5 CH650535A5 CH874/80A CH87480A CH650535A5 CH 650535 A5 CH650535 A5 CH 650535A5 CH 874/80 A CH874/80 A CH 874/80A CH 87480 A CH87480 A CH 87480A CH 650535 A5 CH650535 A5 CH 650535A5
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- solvent
- polymer
- filaments
- filament
- free
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Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
- B29K2105/0073—Solution
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft gesponnene und gedehnte, lösungsmittelfreie Polyäthylenfilamente sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von lösungsmittelfreien Polymerfilamenten. The present invention relates to spun and stretched, solvent-free polyethylene filaments and to a method for producing solvent-free polymer filaments.
Filamente werden durch Verspinnnen linearer Polymerisate hergestellt. Das Polymerisat wird dabei in eine Flüssigform (Schmelze, Lösung) gebracht und versponnen. Die im gebildeten Filament willkürlich orientierten Molekülketten müssen danach durch Dehnen in die Längsrichtung des Filamentes gerichtet werden. Wiewohl auch andere Stoffe verspinnbar sein können, sind kettenförmige Makromoleküle eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Verspinnbarkeit zu Filamenten. Verzweigungen beeinflussen die Filamentbildung und die mechanischen Eigenschaften in negativem Sinn. Aus diesem Grund geht man für das Herstellen von Filamenten soviel wie möglich von linearen Polymerisaten aus, wenn auch ein geringes Mass der Verzweigung sich meistens nicht vermeiden lässt und übrigens auch zulässig ist. Filaments are made by spinning linear polymers. The polymer is brought into a liquid form (melt, solution) and spun. The molecular chains randomly oriented in the formed filament must then be directed by stretching in the longitudinal direction of the filament. Although other substances can also be spinnable, chain-shaped macromolecules are an important prerequisite for the spinnability to form filaments. Branches have a negative impact on filament formation and mechanical properties. For this reason, as much as possible is assumed for the production of filaments from linear polymers, although a small degree of branching can usually not be avoided and is also permissible.
Durch das Dehnen von Filamenten werden die kettenförmigen Makromoleküle in die Längsrichtung orientiert, wobei die Stärke der Filamente zunimmt. Die Stärke bleibt jedoch in vielen Fällen weit unter den Werten, die man theoretisch erwarten dürfte. Es sind bereits viele Versuche unternommen worden, Filamente herzustellen, deren Zugfestigkeit und Modul sich den theoretischen Möglichkeiten besser entsprechen. Diese Versuche, über die in Veröffentlichungen von Juyn in Plastica 31 (1978) 262-270 und von Bigg in Polymer Eng. Sei. 16 (1976) 725-734 eine Übersicht gegeben ist, haben keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse gezeitigt. In einigen Fällen konnte wohl der Modul, allerdings nicht die Zugfestigkeit in ausreichendem Masse verbessert werden. By stretching the filaments, the chain-shaped macromolecules are oriented in the longitudinal direction, the strength of the filaments increasing. In many cases, however, the strength remains far below the values that one would theoretically expect. Many attempts have already been made to produce filaments whose tensile strength and modulus correspond better to the theoretical possibilities. These attempts, described in the publications by Juyn in Plastica 31 (1978) 262-270 and by Bigg in Polymer Eng. Be. 16 (1976) 725-734, have given no satisfactory results. In some cases the module could be improved to a sufficient extent, but not the tensile strength.
Um die vorstehend beschriebenen Anforderungen zu erfüllen, besitzt daher das gesponnene und gedehnte, lösungsmittelfreie Polyäthylenfilament erfmdungsgemäss eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 1,2 GPa. In order to meet the requirements described above, the spun and stretched, solvent-free polyethylene filament according to the invention has a tensile strength of at least 1.2 GPa.
Lösungsmittelfreie Polymerfilamente werden erfmdungsgemäss dadurch hergestellt, dass man eine 1- bis 5gew.%ige Lösung mindestens eines Polymerisats durch eine Spinnöffnung verspinnt und bis unter die Lösungstemperatur abkühlt, ohne die Verdampfung des Lösungsmittels zu fördern, das s dabei anfallende Filament eines Polymergeis auf eine Temperatur zwischen dem Quellpunkt des Polymerisates im Lösungsmittel und dem Schmelzpunkt des Polymerisates bringt und mindestens fünfmal dehnt, wobei das zu dehnende Filament mindestens 25 Gew.% Lösungsmittel, io berechnet auf das Polymerisat, enthält, und das restliche Lösungsmittel entfernt. Solvent-free polymer filaments are produced according to the invention by spinning a 1-5% by weight solution of at least one polymer through a spinning orifice and cooling to below the solution temperature without promoting the evaporation of the solvent, the resulting filament of a polymer gel to a temperature brings between the swelling point of the polymer in the solvent and the melting point of the polymer and stretches at least five times, the filament to be stretched contains at least 25% by weight of solvent, calculated on the polymer, and the remaining solvent is removed.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann das gesponnene und gedehnte, lösungsmittelfreie Polyäthylenfilament nach der Erfindung mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestellt werden, 15 so dass die hohe Zugfestigkeit und z.B. auch ein hoher Modul für das Polyäthylenfilament erreicht werden. Advantageously, the spun and stretched, solvent-free polyethylene filament according to the invention can be produced using the method according to the invention, 15 so that the high tensile strength and e.g. a high modulus for the polyethylene filament can also be achieved.
Beim sogenannten Trockenspinnen, einem in technischem Massstab angewandten, allgemein bekannten Verfahren, In so-called dry spinning, a generally known process used on an industrial scale,
wird eine Lösung eines verspinnbaren Polymerisats in einem 20 Schacht versponnen, durch den - meistens erwärmte - Luft geblasen wird, um das Lösungsmittel ganz oder grösstenteils aus dem Filament zu verdampfen. Die Temperatur im Schacht ist dabei unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Polymerisates, so dass dies beim Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels nieder-25 schlägt, wodurch die mechanische Stärke des Filaments, die beim Austreten aus der Spinnöffnung noch sehr gering ist, zunimmt. Die Stärke wird danach während des Dehnens bei einer Temperatur unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Polymerisates erhöht. a solution of a spinnable polymer is spun in a 20 shaft, through which air - usually warmed - is blown in order to evaporate all or most of the solvent from the filament. The temperature in the shaft is below the melting point of the polymer, so that this is reflected in the evaporation of the solvent, which increases the mechanical strength of the filament, which is still very small when it emerges from the spinning opening. The starch is then increased during stretching at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer.
30 Bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird nunmehr das Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels aus dem soeben gesponnenen Filament während dessen Kühlphase nicht gefördert. Das Filament kann in jeder geeigneten Weise bis unter den Lösungspunkt und insbesondere bis unter den Quellpunkt 35 des Polymerisats im Lösungsmittel abgekühlt werden, z.B. indem das Filament in ein Wasserbad oder durch einen Schacht geleitet wird, wobei durch den Schacht keine oder nahezu keine Luft geblasen wird. Eine geringe Verdampfung des Lösungsmittels aus dem Filament wird z.B. oft von selbst 40 stattfinden und nicht vermieden werden können. Es schadet nicht im geringsten, solange man die Verdampfung nicht aktiv fördert und die Menge des Lösungsmittels im Filament nicht unter 25 Gew.% vorzugsweise nicht bis unter gleiche Gewichtsmengen an Lösungsmittel in bezug auf das Polyme-45 risat verringert. Unter Umständen kann man eine Verdampfung des Lösungsmittels verringern oder verhüten, indem man es in einer Lösungsmitteldampf enthaltenden Atmosphäre verspinnt. 30 In the method according to the invention, the evaporation of the solvent from the filament just spun is now not promoted during its cooling phase. The filament can be cooled in any suitable manner to below the solution point and especially below the swelling point 35 of the polymer in the solvent, e.g. by passing the filament into a water bath or through a shaft, with little or no air being blown through the shaft. A slight evaporation of the solvent from the filament is e.g. often take place by themselves and cannot be avoided. It does no harm whatsoever, as long as the evaporation is not actively promoted and the amount of solvent in the filament is not reduced below 25% by weight, preferably not up to below the same amount by weight of solvent in relation to the polymer. Evaporation of the solvent may be reduced or prevented by spinning it in an atmosphere containing solvent vapor.
Beim Abkühlen bis unter die Lösungstemperatur und ins-50 besondere z.B. bis unter den Quellpunkt des Polymerisats im Lösungsmittel schlägt das Polymerisat aus der Lösung nieder und es entsteht ein Gel. Ein aus diesem polymeren Gel bestehendes Filament weist eine ausreichende mechanische Stärke auf, um weiterverarbeitet werden zu können, z.B. über in der 55 Spinntechnik übliche Führungen, Rollen oder dergleichen. Ein solches Filament wird auf eine Temperatur zwischen dem Quellpunkt des Polymerisats im Lösungsmittel und dem Schmelzpunkt des Polymerisats erwärmt und bei dieser Temperatur mindestens fünfmal gedehnt. Dies kann dadurch 60 geschehen, dass das Filament in eine Zone mit einem gasförmigen oder einem flüssigen Medium eingeleitet wird, die auf der gewünschten Temperatur gehalten wird. Dafür ist z.B. ein Rohrofen mit Luft als gasförmigem Medium sehr vorteilhaft, man kann aber auch ein Flüssigkeitsbad oder jede andere 65 dazu geeignete Vorrichtung verwenden. Ein gasförmiges Medium ist leichter zu handhaben und hat den Vorzug. When cooling down to below the solution temperature and especially 50 e.g. The polymer precipitates out of the solution to below the swelling point of the polymer in the solvent and a gel is formed. A filament consisting of this polymeric gel has sufficient mechanical strength to be able to be further processed, e.g. About guides, rollers or the like that are common in 55 spinning technology. Such a filament is heated to a temperature between the swelling point of the polymer in the solvent and the melting point of the polymer and is stretched at this temperature at least five times. This can be done by introducing the filament into a zone with a gaseous or liquid medium that is kept at the desired temperature. For this, e.g. a tube furnace with air as the gaseous medium is very advantageous, but you can also use a liquid bath or any other suitable device. A gaseous medium is easier to handle and has priority.
Beim Dehnen des Filamentes wird z.B. Lösungsmittel verdampfen oder - wenn eine Flüssigkeit als Medium eingesetzt When stretching the filament e.g. Evaporate solvents or - if a liquid is used as a medium
wird - sich in der Flüssigkeit auflösen. Vorzugsweise fördert man die Verdampfung durch dazu geeignete Massnahmen, wie Abfuhr des Lösungsmitteldampfs, z.B. dadurch, dass ein Gas- oder ein Luftstrom in der Dehnzone am Filament entlang geleitet wird. Das Lösungsmittel soll in der Regel mindestens teilweise verdampfen, aber vorzugsweise lässt man es mindestens grösstenteils verdampfen, so dass das Filament am Ende der Dehnzone z.B. höchstens noch eine geringe Menge, z.B. nicht mehr als einige Prozent berechnet auf den Feststoff des Lösungsmittels enthält. =Das anfallende Filament soll lösungsmittelfrei sein, und zweckmässig wählt man die Bedingungen derart, dass dieser Zustand z.B. bereits in der Dehnzone erreicht wird, jedenfalls nahezu erreicht wird. will - dissolve in the liquid. The evaporation is preferably promoted by suitable measures, such as removal of the solvent vapor, e.g. by passing a gas or air stream along the filament in the stretch zone. The solvent should generally evaporate at least partially, but is preferably allowed to evaporate at least for the most part, so that the filament at the end of the stretch zone e.g. at most a small amount, e.g. contains no more than a few percent calculated on the solids content of the solvent. = The resulting filament should be solvent-free, and the conditions should be chosen such that this condition e.g. is already reached in the expansion zone, at least is almost reached.
Überraschenderweise kann man mit dem erfindungsge-mässen Verfahren Filamente herstellen, die bedeutend stärker sind als solche aus dem gleichen Material, die nach einem üblichen Trockenspinnverfahren hergestellt worden sind, d.h. Zugfestigkeit und Modul der in Frage stehenden Filamente sind bedeutend besser. Nach den in den vorstehend genannten Veröffentlichungen von Juyn und Bigg beschriebenen Verfahren ist es zwar gelungen, Filamente mit grösserem Modul herzustellen, die Zugfestigkeit Hess aber immer noch sehr zu wünschen übrig. Ausserdem ist die Produktivität solcher Verfahren niedrig. Surprisingly, the process according to the invention can be used to produce filaments which are significantly stronger than those made from the same material and which have been produced by a conventional dry spinning process, i.e. The tensile strength and modulus of the filaments in question are significantly better. According to the processes described in the above-mentioned publications by Juyn and Bigg, it was possible to produce filaments with a larger modulus, but the tensile strength Hess was still very unsatisfactory. In addition, the productivity of such processes is low.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren unterscheidet sich von üblichen Trockenspinnverfahren dadurch, dass ein Filament z.B. eine beträchtliche Menge an Lösungsmitteln für das verspinnbare Material enthält, bei einer Temperatur, bei der das verspinnbare Material mindestens im Lösungsmittel quellen wird, z.B. unter Entfernung des Lösungsmittels gedehnt wird, während bei üblichen Spinnverfahren lösungsmittelfreie Filamente gedehnt werden. The process according to the invention differs from conventional dry spinning processes in that a filament e.g. contains a substantial amount of solvents for the spinnable material, at a temperature at which the spinnable material will at least swell in the solvent, e.g. is stretched while removing the solvent, while in conventional spinning processes solvent-free filaments are stretched.
Eine Bedingung für das Trockenspinnen ist die Löslichkeit des linearen Polymerisats in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel. Für jedes lösbare Polymerisat ist eine Anzahl Lösungsmittel bekannt. Aus ihnen kann man das geeignete Lösungsmittel herausfinden, dessen Siedepunkt nicht so hoch liegt, dass es sich schwer aus dem Filament verdampfen lässt, und nicht so niedrig, dass es zu flüchtig ist und durch zu schnelle Verdampfung die Filamentbildung stören würde oder sonst unter Druck verarbeitet werden muss. A condition for dry spinning is the solubility of the linear polymer in a suitable solvent. A number of solvents are known for each soluble polymer. They can be used to find the suitable solvent, the boiling point of which is not so high that it is difficult to evaporate from the filament, and not so low that it is too volatile and would interfere with filament formation due to rapid evaporation or would otherwise be processed under pressure must become.
Das Auflösen eines Polymerisats in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel verläuft über Quellungen. Unter Aufnahme von Lösungsmitteln und Zunahme des Volumens entsteht ein stark gequollenes Gel, das jedoch aufgrund seiner Steifigkeit und seiner Formbeständigkeit noch als eine Art Feststoff zu betrachten ist. Allgemein wird angenommen, dass das Polymerisat aus geordneten (kristallinen) und weniger geordneten (amorphen) Bereichen aufgebaut ist. Die geordneten Bereiche können dabei als Verankerungspunkt dienen und so die Formbeständigkeit des Gels bewerkstelligen. Die Gelbildung und das Auflösen sind temperaturabhängig. Ein bestimmtes Polymerisat kann nur über einer gewissen Temperatur in einem Lösungsmittel aufgelöst werden. Unter dieser Lösungstemperatur findet nur Quellung statt, und je nachdem die Temperatur niedriger ist, wird die Quellung geringer und ist auf einmal zu vernachlässigen. Als Quellpunkt oder Quelltemperatur wird die Temperatur betrachtet, bei der eine klar wahrnehmbare Volumenvergrösserung und eine deutlich wahrnehmbare Lösungsmittelaufnahme von 5 bis 10% des Polymerisatsgewichts eintritt. Einfachheitshalber wählt man als Quelltemperatur, über der gedehnt werden muss, die Temperatur, bei der z.B. deutlich 10% Lösungsmittel unter Quellung in das Polymerisat aufgenommen werden. A polymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent by swelling. With the absorption of solvents and an increase in volume, a strongly swollen gel is formed, which, however, can still be regarded as a kind of solid due to its rigidity and dimensional stability. It is generally assumed that the polymer is made up of ordered (crystalline) and less ordered (amorphous) areas. The ordered areas can serve as anchoring point and thus ensure the dimensional stability of the gel. Gel formation and dissolution are temperature dependent. A certain polymer can only be dissolved in a solvent above a certain temperature. Only swelling takes place below this solution temperature, and depending on the temperature, the swelling becomes less and is suddenly negligible. The swelling point or swelling temperature is considered to be the temperature at which a clearly perceptible increase in volume and a clearly perceivable solvent absorption of 5 to 10% of the polymer weight occurs. For the sake of simplicity, the source temperature to be stretched above is the temperature at which e.g. clearly 10% solvent with swelling are taken up in the polymer.
Bei üblichen Trockenspinnverfahren verarbeitet man aus spinntechnischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen meistens 5-bis 30 gew.%ige Lösungen. Im erfindungsgemässen Ver650535 In conventional dry spinning processes, mostly 5 to 30% by weight solutions are processed for technical and economic reasons. In the inventive Ver650535
fahren können 1- bis 5 gew.% ige Lösungen verwendet werden. Niedrigere Konzentrationen ergeben keine Vorteile und sind in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht unvorteilhaft. 1 to 5% by weight solutions can be used. Lower concentrations have no advantages and are economically disadvantageous.
Geeignete Dehnungsverhältnisse lassen sich leicht experimentell feststellen. Die Zugfestigkeit und der Modul der Filamente sind innerhalb gewisser Grenzen etwa proportional zum Dehnungsverhältnis. Je nachdem stärkere Filamente erwünscht sind, wird das Dehnungsverhältnis grösser gewählt werden müssen. Suitable expansion ratios can easily be determined experimentally. The tensile strength and the modulus of the filaments are within certain limits approximately proportional to the elongation ratio. Depending on the stronger filaments are desired, the elongation ratio will have to be chosen larger.
Man dehnt mindestens fünfmal und vorzugsweise mindestens zehnmal, insbesondere mindestens zwanzigmal. Grosse Dehnungsverhältnisse z.B. von 30 bis 40 und sogar mehr sind durchaus möglich, und man erhält dabei Filamente, deren Zugfestigkeit und Modul erheblich grösser sind als die der nach dem üblichen Verfahren hergestellten Filamente. One stretches at least five times and preferably at least ten times, in particular at least twenty times. Large expansion ratios e.g. 30 to 40 and even more are quite possible, and filaments are obtained whose tensile strength and modulus are considerably greater than those of the filaments produced by the usual method.
Bei üblichen Trockenspinnverfahren sind die Durchmesser der Spinnöffnungen in den Spinndüsen meistens klein. Im allgemeinen sind sie 0,02 bis 1,0 mm gross. Besonders wenn kleine Spinnöffnungen (^0,2 mm) verwendet werden, ist das Spinnverfahren für Verunreinigungen in der Spinnlösung sehr empfindlich und muss man sie sorgfältigst von festen Verunreinigungen freimachen und -halten. An den Spinndüsen werden meistens Filter angeordnet. Trotzdem müssen sie nach kurzer Zeit gereinigt werden und es ergeben sich noch wiederholt Verstopfungen. In conventional dry spinning processes, the diameter of the spinning orifices in the spinnerets is usually small. They are generally 0.02 to 1.0 mm in size. Especially when small spinning openings (^ 0.2 mm) are used, the spinning process is very sensitive to impurities in the spinning solution and you have to carefully clear and keep them free of solid impurities. Filters are usually placed on the spinnerets. Nevertheless, they have to be cleaned after a short time and there are repeated blockages.
Bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung kann man grössere Spinnöffnungen von mehr als 0,2 mm, z.B. 0,5 bis 2,0 mm oder mehr, verwenden, weil z.B. bedeutend grössere Dehnungsverhältnisse und ausserdem meistens niedrigere Polymerisationskonzentrationen in der Spinnlösung verwendet werden als bei den bekannnten Herstellungsverfahren. In the process according to the invention, larger spinning openings of more than 0.2 mm, e.g. 0.5 to 2.0 mm or more, because e.g. significantly larger elongation ratios and, in addition, mostly lower polymerization concentrations are used in the spinning solution than in the known production processes.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf das Herstellen stärkerer Filamente aus gewissen Polymerisaten, sondern ist im allgemeinen z.B. auf Materialien anwendbar,die durch Trockenspinnen zu Filamenten verarbeitet werden können. The invention is not limited to producing thicker filaments from certain polymers, but is generally e.g. applicable to materials that can be processed into filaments by dry spinning.
Polymerisate, die nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren versponnen werden können, sind z.B. Polyolefine, wie Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Äthylen-Propylenmischpolyme-risate, Polyoxymethylen, Polyäthylenoxid, Polyamide, wie die einzelnen Nylonarten, Polyester, wie Polyäthylenter-ephtalat, Polyacrylnitril, Vinylpolymerisate, wie Polyvinyl-alkohl, Polyvinylidenfluorid. Polymers that can be spun by the process according to the invention are e.g. Polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene mixed polymers, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene oxide, polyamides, such as the individual types of nylon, polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride.
Polyolefine, wie Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Äthylen-Pro-pylenmischpolymerisate und höhere Polyolefine, kann man gut in Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie gesättigten aliphatischen und zyklischen sowie aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen oder Gemischen aus diesen, wie Erdölfraktionen, auflösen. Sehr geeignet sind z.B. aliphatische oder zyklische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Nonan, Decan, Undecan, Dodecan, Polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers and higher polyolefins, can be readily dissolved in hydrocarbons, such as saturated aliphatic and cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures of these, such as petroleum fractions. For example, very suitable aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons, such as nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane,
Tetralin, Decalin oder dergleichen, oder Erdölfraktionen mit entsprechenden Siedebereichen. Polyäthylen und Polypropylen löst man vorzugsweise in Decalin oder Dodecan auf. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist besonders geeignet für das Herstellen von Filamenten z.B. aus Polyolefinen, vorzugsweise Polyäthylen. Tetralin, decalin or the like, or petroleum fractions with corresponding boiling ranges. Polyethylene and polypropylene are preferably dissolved in decalin or dodecane. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of filaments e.g. made of polyolefins, preferably polyethylene.
Man kann auch Lösungen von zwei oder mehreren Polymerisaten in einem gemeinsamen Lösungsmittel gemäss dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zu Filamenten verarbeiten. Die Polymerisate brauchen dazu z.B. nicht miteinander mischbar zu sein. So kann man zum Beispiel Polyäthylen und Polypropylen, die in der Schmelze nicht mischbar sind, zusammen in Decalin und in Dodecan auflösen und die so anfallenden Lösungen verspinnen. Solutions of two or more polymers can also be processed into filaments in a common solvent in accordance with the inventive method. For this purpose, the polymers need e.g. not to be miscible with each other. For example, polyethylene and polypropylene, which are immiscible in the melt, can be dissolved together in decalin and dodecane and the resulting solutions can be spun.
Die erfindungsgemässen und die erfindungsgemäss hergestellten Filamente sind für viele Anwendungen geeignet. Man kann sie als Verstärkung in vielen Materialien verwenden, deren Verstärkung mit Fasern oder Filamenten bekannt ist, The filaments according to the invention and the filaments produced according to the invention are suitable for many applications. It can be used as a reinforcement in many materials known to be reinforced with fibers or filaments,
3 3rd
5 5
10 10th
15 15
20 20th
25 25th
30 30th
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
60 60
65 65
650535 650535
4 4th
für Bandgarne und für viele Anwendungen, bei denen z.B. ein geringes Gewicht zusammen mit einer grossen Stärke gewünscht ist. Selbstverständlich sind die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten nicht auf die zuvor genannten beschränkt. Die Erfindung wird nachstehend durch Beispiele näher erläutert, auf welche sie nicht beschränkt ist. for ribbon yarns and for many applications in which e.g. a low weight together with a large strength is desired. Of course, the possible uses are not limited to those mentioned above. The invention is explained in more detail below by examples, to which it is not restricted.
Beispiel 1 example 1
Ein hochmolekulares Polyäthylen mit einem M — 1,5 x 106 wird bei 145°C zu einer 2 gew. %igen Lösung in Decalin aufgelöst, die bei 130°C durch eine Spinndüse mit einer Spinnöffnung Durchmesser 0,5 mm versponnen wird. Das Filament wird in ein auf Zimmertemperatur gehaltenes Wasserbad eingeleitet und darin abgekühlt. Das abgekühlte, 0,7 mm dicke Filament, das ein gelartiges Äusseres hat und noch etwa 98% des Lösungsmittels enthält, wird dann durch einen auf 120°C geheizten Rohrofen geleitet und mit mehreren Dehnungsverhältnissen gedehnt. Dieses Verfahren ist in der Figur 1 schematisch dargestellt. Die Polymerlösung A gelangt durch das Kühlbad B, das sie als nasses Filament C verlässt, auf die Spule D. Von da wird das Filament durch den Ofen E auf die Streckspule F geführt. A high molecular weight polyethylene with an M - 1.5 x 106 at 145 ° C to a 2 wt. % solution dissolved in decalin, which is spun at 130 ° C through a spinneret with a spinning opening diameter 0.5 mm. The filament is introduced into a water bath kept at room temperature and cooled therein. The cooled, 0.7 mm thick filament, which has a gel-like exterior and still contains about 98% of the solvent, is then passed through a tube furnace heated to 120 ° C. and stretched with several elongation ratios. This process is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The polymer solution A passes through the cooling bath B, which leaves it as a wet filament C, to the spool D. From there, the filament is passed through the furnace E onto the drawing spool F.
In den Figuren 2 und 3 sind die Dehnungsstärke bzw. der Modul gegen das Dehnungsverhältnis abgetragen. In der Figur 2 ist in Richtung a) die Zugfestigkeit in GPa, in Figur 3 in Richtung a) der Modul und in beiden Figuren in Richtung b) das Dehnungsverhältnis aufgetragen. Es können ein Modul von mehr als 60 GPa und eine Zugfestigkeit von fast 3 erreicht werden, während der Modul und die Zugfestigkeit von auf herkömmliche Weise hergestellten Polyäthylenfila-menten 2 bis 3 GPa bzw. etwa 0,1 GPa betragen. Die in die Figuren 2 und 3 eingetragenen Werte für den Modul und die Zugfestigkeit von Filamenten mit verschiedenen Dehnungsverhältnissen sind in der Tabelle 1 erwähnt. In Figures 2 and 3, the elongation strength or the modulus are plotted against the elongation ratio. 2 shows the tensile strength in GPa in direction a), the module in FIG. 3 in direction a) and the elongation ratio in both figures in direction b). A modulus of more than 60 GPa and a tensile strength of almost 3 can be achieved, while the modulus and tensile strength of conventionally produced polyethylene filaments are 2 to 3 GPa and approximately 0.1 GPa, respectively. The values for the modulus and the tensile strength of filaments with different elongation ratios entered in FIGS. 2 and 3 are mentioned in Table 1.
Polyäthylenfilamente mit einer Zugfestigkeit über 1,2 GPa lassen sich daher leicht mit dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung herstellen. Polyethylene filaments with a tensile strength above 1.2 GPa can therefore be easily produced using the method according to the invention.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Versuch attempt
Dehnungsverhältnis Expansion ratio
Modul GPa GPa module
Zugfestigkeit GPa Tensile strength GPa
1 1
1 1
2,4 2.4
0,09 0.09
2 2nd
3 3rd
5,4 5.4
0,27 0.27
3 3rd
7 7
17,0 17.0
0,73 0.73
4 4th
8 8th
17,6 17.6
0,81 0.81
5 5
11 11
23,9 23.9
1,32 1.32
6 6
12 12
37,5 37.5
1,65 1.65
7 7
13 13
40,9 40.9
1,72 1.72
8 8th
15 15
41,0 41.0
1,72 1.72
9 9
17 17th
43,1 43.1
2,11 2.11
10 10th
25 25th
69,0 69.0
2,90 2.90
11 11
32 32
90,2 90.2
3,02 3.02
20 20th
Beispiel 2 Example 2
Gemäss dem im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Verfahren wird eine 2 gew.%ige Lösung eines Gemisches aus gleichen Teilen hochmolekularem Polyäthylen mit einem Mw — 1,5 x 106 und 25 einem hochmolekularen Polyproylen mit einem M» — 3,0 x 106bei 140°C versponnen und bei 130°C mit einem Dehnungsverhältnis von 20 gedehnt. Die Filamente weisen eine Zugfestigkeit von 1,5 GPa auf. According to the process described in Example 1, a 2% by weight solution of a mixture of equal parts of high molecular weight polyethylene with an Mw - 1.5 x 106 and 25 high molecular weight polypropylene with an M »- 3.0 x 106 is spun at 140 ° C and stretched at 130 ° C with an elongation ratio of 20. The filaments have a tensile strength of 1.5 GPa.
30 Beispiel 3 30 Example 3
Nach dem im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Verfahren wird eine 2 gew.%ige Lösung aus isotactischem Polypropylen mit einem Mw — 3,0 x 106 bei 140°C versponnen und bei 130°C mit einem Dehnungsverhältnis von 20 gedehnt. Die anfal-35 lenden Filamente weisen eine Zugfestigkeit von 1 GPa auf. According to the process described in Example 1, a 2% by weight solution of isotactic polypropylene with an Mw - 3.0 × 106 is spun at 140 ° C. and stretched at 130 ° C. with an elongation ratio of 20. The initial filaments have a tensile strength of 1 GPa.
B B
3 Blatt Zeichnungen 3 sheets of drawings
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NLAANVRAGE7900990,A NL177840C (en) | 1979-02-08 | 1979-02-08 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A POLYTHENE THREAD |
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CH650535A5 true CH650535A5 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
CH650535C2 CH650535C2 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CH874/80A CH650535C2 (en) | 1979-02-08 | 1980-02-04 | SPUN AND STRETCHED SOLVENT-FREE POLYAETHYLENE FILAMENTS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SOLVENT-FREE POLYMER FILAMENTS. |
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JP (4) | JPS6047922B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT380033B (en) |
AU (1) | AU532451B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE881587A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8000775A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1152272A (en) |
CH (1) | CH650535C2 (en) |
CS (1) | CS235001B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3051066C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES488304A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2448587B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2042414B (en) |
IN (1) | IN152729B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1144056B (en) |
MX (1) | MX6124E (en) |
NL (1) | NL177840C (en) |
SE (1) | SE446105B (en) |
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Also Published As
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CS235001B2 (en) | 1985-04-16 |
JPS648732B2 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
NL7900990A (en) | 1980-08-12 |
JPS6075606A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
SE8000997L (en) | 1980-08-09 |
JPS6047922B2 (en) | 1985-10-24 |
AU532451B2 (en) | 1983-09-29 |
FR2448587A1 (en) | 1980-09-05 |
CA1152272A (en) | 1983-08-23 |
AT380033B (en) | 1986-03-25 |
BR8000775A (en) | 1980-10-21 |
BE881587A (en) | 1980-08-07 |
IT8047840A0 (en) | 1980-02-07 |
DE3004699A1 (en) | 1980-08-21 |
DE3051066C2 (en) | 1987-12-10 |
MX6124E (en) | 1984-11-21 |
JPS55107506A (en) | 1980-08-18 |
ATA65280A (en) | 1985-08-15 |
IN152729B (en) | 1984-03-24 |
CH650535C2 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
SU1138041A3 (en) | 1985-01-30 |
GB2042414B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
SE446105B (en) | 1986-08-11 |
AU5514880A (en) | 1980-08-14 |
ES488304A1 (en) | 1980-08-01 |
GB2042414A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
IT1144056B (en) | 1986-10-29 |
ZA80528B (en) | 1981-01-28 |
NL177840C (en) | 1989-10-16 |
JPS6245714A (en) | 1987-02-27 |
NL177840B (en) | 1985-07-01 |
FR2448587B1 (en) | 1985-08-23 |
DE3004699C2 (en) | 1987-10-29 |
JPS6075607A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
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