CH645174A5 - RAIL WHEEL EQUIPPED WITH RESONANCE ABSORBERS AND RAIL FIXED ON THE GROUND FOR THE RAILWHEEL. - Google Patents
RAIL WHEEL EQUIPPED WITH RESONANCE ABSORBERS AND RAIL FIXED ON THE GROUND FOR THE RAILWHEEL. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH645174A5 CH645174A5 CH355179A CH355179A CH645174A5 CH 645174 A5 CH645174 A5 CH 645174A5 CH 355179 A CH355179 A CH 355179A CH 355179 A CH355179 A CH 355179A CH 645174 A5 CH645174 A5 CH 645174A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- wheel
- resonance
- tongues
- natural frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
- B60B17/0006—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels
- B60B17/0013—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels formed by two or more axially spaced discs
- B60B17/0017—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels formed by two or more axially spaced discs with insonorisation means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
- F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
- F16F15/1201—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon for damping of axial or radial, i.e. non-torsional vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
- B60B2900/10—Reduction of
- B60B2900/133—Noise
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schienenrad, mit mehreren am Rad (DE-PS P 26 57 860) war man noch davon ausgegangen, dass es The invention relates to a rail wheel, with several on the wheel (DE-PS P 26 57 860) it was still assumed that it
entscheidend für die Verminderung der Riffelbildung darauf ankommt, die Resonanzabsorber auf die vertikale Eigenschwingung der Schiene abzustimmen. Auch mit dieser Massnahme wird die Riffelbildung stark vermindert, doch sind die Ergebnisse ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand wesentlicher günstiger bei den erfindungsgemässen Massnahmen. Crucial for reducing the formation of corrugations depends on matching the resonance absorbers to the vertical natural vibration of the rail. With this measure, the corrugation is greatly reduced, but the results are much cheaper with the measures according to the invention without additional effort.
Vorzugsweise besteht j eder Resonanzabsorber aus einer in Dämpfungsmaterial eingebetteten und an einem Ende starr mit dem Rad verbundenen, insbesondere plattförmigen, Zunge. Eine günstige Befestigungsmöglichkeit für die Resonanzabsorber besteht darin, dass sie an einem Ring befestigt sind, der in einer Ausdrehung des Übergangs Radscheibe/Radkranz bzw. Felge eingeschrumpft ist. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Resonanzabsorber unmittelbar am Rad zu befestigen. Each resonance absorber preferably consists of a tongue, in particular a plate-shaped tongue, embedded in damping material and rigidly connected to the wheel at one end. A favorable attachment option for the resonance absorbers is that they are attached to a ring which is shrunk in a turn of the wheel disc / wheel rim or rim transition. But it is also possible to attach the resonance absorbers directly to the wheel.
Die Resonanzabsorber können neben den auf die Eigenfrequenz des Radkranzes für die radiale Grundschwingung abgestimmten Zungen weitere auf die Eigenfrequenzen für die Kreisch-und Rollgeräusche abgestimmte Zungen aufweisen. In diesem Fall sind sämtliche Zungen eines jeden Resonanzabsorbers auf demselben Sockel angeordnet. In addition to the tongues matched to the natural frequency of the wheel rim for the radial fundamental vibration, the resonance absorbers can have further tongues coordinated with the natural frequencies for the shrieking and rolling noises. In this case, all tongues of each resonance absorber are arranged on the same base.
Eine zweckmässige Ausführung der Resonanzabsorber besteht aus plattenförmigen Zungen, die die gleiche Höhe und die gleiche Länge aber unterschiedliche Dicke aufweisen. Dabei können die plattenförmigen Zungen durch an einem Ende angeordnete Distanzscheiben auf gegenseitigem Abstand gehalten werden. An der Schiene können die Resonanzabsorber seitlich an den Schienenstegen oder am Schienenfuss befestigt werden. An expedient embodiment of the resonance absorber consists of plate-shaped tongues which have the same height and the same length but different thicknesses. The plate-shaped tongues can be held at a distance from one another by spacers arranged at one end. The resonance absorbers can be attached to the rail on the rail webs or on the rail foot.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer an Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigen The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing showing an exemplary embodiment. Show in detail
Fig. 1 ein Schienenrad auf einer Schiene in Seitenansicht, 1 is a rail wheel on a rail in side view,
Fig. 2 das Schienenrad auf der Schiene gemäss Fig. 1 im Axialschnitt Fig. 2 shows the rail wheel on the rail according to Fig. 1 in axial section
Fig. 3 einen Resonanzabsorber in isometrischer Darstellung und Fig. 3 is a resonance absorber in an isometric view and
Fig. 4 ein Diagramm für die auftretenden Schwingungen ohne Resonanzabsorber und mit Resonanzabsorber. Fig. 4 is a diagram for the vibrations occurring without resonance absorber and with resonance absorber.
Ein aus zwei Schienen 1 bestehendes Gleis ist auf Schwellen 2 befestigt. Die Schiene hat übliches Schienenprofil, z. B. S49 oder UIC-60. Der Schwellenabstand beträgt z. B. 0,6m. A track consisting of two rails 1 is attached to sleepers 2. The rail has the usual rail profile, e.g. B. S49 or UIC-60. The threshold distance is z. B. 0.6m.
Auf der Schiene rollt ein als Vollrad ausgebildetes Schienenrad 5 eines Schienenfahrzeuges. Das Schienenrad 5 besteht aus Nabe 6, Radscheibe 7 und Radkranz 8. Bei diesem Schienenrad handelt es sich um ein für Eisenbahnwagen, Strassenbahnwagen übliches Schienenrad, das aus Stahl gegossen bzw. geschmiedet ist und einen Durchmesser von 700 bis 1.200mm hat. A rail wheel 5, designed as a full wheel, of a rail vehicle rolls on the rail. The rail wheel 5 consists of a hub 6, a wheel disc 7 and a wheel rim 8. This rail wheel is a rail wheel which is customary for railroad cars and tram cars and which is cast or forged from steel and has a diameter of 700 to 1,200 mm.
Wenn ein Schienenfahrzeug über ein Gleis rollt, wird das Schienenrad durch auch bei einwandfreier Gleisoberfläche nicht zu vermeidende Unregelmässigkeiten zu Schwingungen angeregt. Eine für die Riffelbildung charakteristische Schwingung ist die radiale Grundschwingung (vier Knoten am Umfang), bei der sich das Schienenrad elliptisch verformt. Je nach Ausführung des Schienenrades und des Durchmessers des Schienenrades liegt die Schwingung zwischen 0,9 und 1,5 kHz. Die Erfindung geht nun von der Erkenntnis aus, dass diese für die Riffelbildung haupt- When a rail vehicle rolls over a track, the rail wheel is excited to vibrate by irregularities that are unavoidable even with a perfect track surface. A characteristic vibration for the corrugation is the radial fundamental vibration (four knots on the circumference), in which the rail wheel deforms elliptically. Depending on the design of the rail wheel and the diameter of the rail wheel, the vibration is between 0.9 and 1.5 kHz. The invention is now based on the knowledge that these are the main
645 174 645 174
sächlich verantwortliche Schwingung wirksam gedämpft werden muss. Dazu sind die folgenden Massnahmen einerseits am Schienenrad und andererseits an der Schiene verwirklicht. Responsible vibration must be effectively damped. The following measures are implemented on the rail wheel on the one hand and on the rail on the other.
In einer zur Radmittelebene leicht konisch abfallenden Ausdrehung 9 im Übergangsbereich zwischen Radscheibe 7 und Radkranz 8 ist ein entsprechend konisch geformter Ring 10 eingeschrumpft. Der Ring 10 wird in diese Ausdrehung 9 eingebracht, indem das Rad 5 durch Wärmen aufgeweitet wird. Über den Innenumfang dieses Ringes 10 sind verteilt Resonanzabsorber 11 angeordnet und mittels Schraubenbolzen 12 am Ring 10 befestigt. A correspondingly conically shaped ring 10 is shrunk in a recess 9 which slopes slightly conically towards the wheel center plane in the transition region between wheel disc 7 and wheel rim 8. The ring 10 is introduced into this recess 9 by the wheel 5 being expanded by heating. Resonance absorbers 11 are arranged distributed over the inner circumference of this ring 10 and fastened to the ring 10 by means of screw bolts 12.
Ausserdem sind entsprechende Resonanzabsorber 13 am Schienenfuss 3 der Schiene 1 mittels Schraubenbolzen 15 in regelmässigen Abständen befestigt. Sie können jedoch auch (nicht dargestellt) ausserhalb des Schienenkopfes, z. B. am Schienensteg 14, befestigt sein. In addition, corresponding resonance absorbers 13 are fastened to the rail foot 3 of the rail 1 by means of screw bolts 15 at regular intervals. However, you can also (not shown) outside the rail head, for. B. on the rail web 14.
Die Resonanzabsorber bestehen mindestens aus einer plattenförmigen Zunge, deren eines Ende starr mit der Schiene 1 bzw. dem Rad 5 verbunden ist, damit die Schwingungen der Schiene 1 oder des Rades 5 auf die Zunge übertragen werden können. Die Zunge ist eingebettet in Dämpfungsmaterial. In Fig. 3 ist ein Resonanzabsorber mit mehreren plattenförmigen Zungen 16—18 dargestellt, die die gleiche Länge und die gleiche Breite aber unterschiedliche Dicke aufweisen und die durch Zwischenlagen 21 aus Dämpfungsmaterial voneinander getrennt sind. Sämtliche Zungen werden an einem Ende von einem Sockel 22 getragen, der eine Bohrung 23 für den der Befestigung dienenden Schraubenbolzen aufweist. The resonance absorbers consist of at least one plate-shaped tongue, one end of which is rigidly connected to the rail 1 or the wheel 5, so that the vibrations of the rail 1 or the wheel 5 can be transmitted to the tongue. The tongue is embedded in damping material. FIG. 3 shows a resonance absorber with a plurality of plate-shaped tongues 16-18 which have the same length and the same width but different thicknesses and which are separated from one another by intermediate layers 21 made of damping material. All tongues are carried at one end by a base 22 which has a bore 23 for the screw bolt used for fastening.
Die Zungen bestehen aus Stahl. Die Zunge 20 liegt unmittelbar am Rad oder an der Schiene an und kann deshalb nicht mitschwingen. Die dämpfenden Zwischenschichten 21 zwischen den einzelnen Zungen bestehen vorzugsweise aus Silikonkautschuck. Während das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 aus einem Block hergestellt ist, bei dem für die Zwischenlagen 21 Einschnitte in den Block gemacht worden sind, lässt sich der Resonanzabsorber auch aus einzelnen durchgehenden Platten aufbauen, die im Bereich des Sockels 22 durch Distanzplatten voneinander getrennt gehalten werden. The tongues are made of steel. The tongue 20 rests directly on the wheel or on the rail and therefore cannot vibrate with it. The damping intermediate layers 21 between the individual tongues are preferably made of silicone rubber. While the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 is produced from a block in which cuts have been made in the block for the intermediate layers 21, the resonance absorber can also be constructed from individual continuous plates which are kept separated from one another in the region of the base 22 by spacer plates .
Die Zungen können auch als Doppelzungen ausgebildet sein, die von einem gemeinsamen Sockel getragen werden, der aus den mittleren Zungenabschnitten und die einzelnen Zungen voneinander getrennt haltenden Distanzplatte aufgebaut ist. The tongues can also be designed as double tongues which are carried by a common base which is constructed from the middle tongue sections and the spacer plate which keeps the individual tongues separate from one another.
Wie Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen, sind beim Rad 5 die Resonanzabsorber derart angeordnet, dass die Hauptschwingungsebene senkrecht zur Radachse liegt. Bei der Schiene 14 sind die Resonanzabsorber dagegen senkrecht zu den vertikalen Schwingungen angeordnet. Die Wirkung der Resonanzabsorber ist zwar günstiger, wenn ihre bevorzugte Schwingungsebene mit den Schwingungen des Rades bzw. der Schiene übereinstimmt, doch wird die Wirkung auch bei anderer Orientierung spürbar erzielt. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the resonance absorbers in the wheel 5 are arranged in such a way that the main vibration plane is perpendicular to the wheel axis. In the case of the rail 14, however, the resonance absorbers are arranged perpendicular to the vertical vibrations. Although the effect of the resonance absorbers is more favorable if their preferred vibration level matches the vibrations of the wheel or the rail, the effect is also noticeably achieved with a different orientation.
Fig. 4 zeigt das Spektrum der radialen Schwingungen eines ungedämpften und eines mit Resonanzabsorbern gedämpften Rades. Während bei dem ungedämpften Rad hohe Maxima der Radschwingungen vorliegen, sind diese Maxima bei dem gedämpften Rad unterdrückt. Dies gilt insbesondere für das hohe Maximum der radialen Grundschwingung bei 1,4 kHz. 4 shows the spectrum of the radial vibrations of an undamped wheel and a wheel damped with resonance absorbers. While there are high maxima of the wheel vibrations in the undamped wheel, these maxima are suppressed in the damped wheel. This applies in particular to the high maximum of the radial fundamental at 1.4 kHz.
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2 Blatt Zeichnungen 2 sheets of drawings
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2816561A DE2816561C3 (en) | 1978-04-17 | 1978-04-17 | System of rail wheel and track for rail vehicles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH645174A5 true CH645174A5 (en) | 1984-09-14 |
Family
ID=6037160
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH355179A CH645174A5 (en) | 1978-04-17 | 1979-04-12 | RAIL WHEEL EQUIPPED WITH RESONANCE ABSORBERS AND RAIL FIXED ON THE GROUND FOR THE RAILWHEEL. |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4355578A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5933775B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT366323B (en) |
BE (1) | BE875576A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1149840A (en) |
CH (1) | CH645174A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2816561C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES479401A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2423687A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2021501B (en) |
IT (1) | IT7921917A0 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7902622A (en) |
SE (1) | SE7903282L (en) |
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DE4343008C2 (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1997-03-06 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Resonance absorber |
US5629503A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1997-05-13 | Tekna Sonic, Inc. | Vibration damping device |
US5583324A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1996-12-10 | Tekna Sonic, Inc. | Vibration damping device |
US5691516A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1997-11-25 | Tekna Sonic, Inc. | Tunable vibration absorber |
US5549343A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1996-08-27 | Blazer; Dorman S. | Train tire profile |
BE1008920A4 (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-10-01 | Bombardier Eurorail Sa | Guidance system and a rail roller a gorge. |
DE4442779C2 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-10-02 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Vibration absorber with bracket |
DE19509389C1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-08-14 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Body silencer for running wheels |
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GB9719864D0 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1997-11-19 | Univ Southampton | Rail damper |
JP4215329B2 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2009-01-28 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Construction machine noise reduction device |
JP3902935B2 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2007-04-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image heating apparatus and image forming apparatus |
GB2390885A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-21 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Rail vehicle wheel set with torsional vibration damping |
JP2006182136A (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Soundproof wheel for railroad vehicle |
WO2007130421A2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-15 | Danaher Motion | A braking or clutching device |
US7828113B1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2010-11-09 | Kim Dao | Methods and apparatus for controlling vibration of enclosures, particularly loudspeaker enclosures |
US9145947B2 (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2015-09-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Torsional vibration damping device |
US9249851B2 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2016-02-02 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for tuning a vibratory response of a rotor blade |
EP2979896B1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2018-03-14 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Soundproof wheel for railway vehicle |
CN103241062B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2017-11-14 | 哈尔滨通达工业环保自动化有限公司 | Wheel vibration absorber and wheel noise reduction method |
CZ304953B6 (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | Bonatrans Group A.S. | Vibration and noise damper |
TWI581986B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-05-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Railway vehicles with sound insulation wheels |
EP3190229B1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-07-31 | Polycorp Ltd. | Special trackwork assembly with tuned mass damper |
KR101822273B1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Apparatus for noise diminution of tire |
CN106429720B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院常州分院 | A kind of rail module with vibration-damping function |
FR3071193B1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-10-18 | Alstom Transport Technologies | NOISE ABSORBER DEVICE FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEEL AND ASSOCIATED RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEEL |
US11688379B2 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-06-27 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Plate bending wave absorber |
CN112160195A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-01-01 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Road bed bump leveller and road bed bump leveller system of shaking |
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DE2616393A1 (en) * | 1976-04-14 | 1977-11-03 | Deutsche Bundesbahn | Dampened railway wheels and axles - has resonant frequencies set to eliminate vibration and reduce rail wear |
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DE2657860B1 (en) * | 1976-12-21 | 1978-06-29 | Krupp Ag Huettenwerke | Track for rail vehicles |
-
1978
- 1978-04-17 DE DE2816561A patent/DE2816561C3/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-04-03 NL NL7902622A patent/NL7902622A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-04-06 ES ES479401A patent/ES479401A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-06 AT AT0258479A patent/AT366323B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-12 GB GB7912954A patent/GB2021501B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-12 SE SE7903282A patent/SE7903282L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-04-12 CH CH355179A patent/CH645174A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-13 BE BE0/194601A patent/BE875576A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-17 IT IT7921917A patent/IT7921917A0/en unknown
- 1979-04-17 JP JP54046134A patent/JPS5933775B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-17 CA CA000325617A patent/CA1149840A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-17 FR FR7909651A patent/FR2423687A1/en active Granted
- 1979-07-24 US US06/060,181 patent/US4355578A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1149840A (en) | 1983-07-12 |
BE875576A (en) | 1979-07-31 |
JPS5933775B2 (en) | 1984-08-17 |
GB2021501B (en) | 1982-09-15 |
IT7921917A0 (en) | 1979-04-17 |
FR2423687A1 (en) | 1979-11-16 |
NL7902622A (en) | 1979-10-19 |
ATA258479A (en) | 1981-08-15 |
DE2816561A1 (en) | 1979-10-18 |
AT366323B (en) | 1982-04-13 |
SE7903282L (en) | 1979-10-18 |
JPS54140065A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
US4355578A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
GB2021501A (en) | 1979-12-05 |
ES479401A1 (en) | 1980-01-01 |
FR2423687B1 (en) | 1984-05-25 |
DE2816561B2 (en) | 1981-02-26 |
DE2816561C3 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
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Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PL | Patent ceased |