CH644658A5 - BRICK FOR REFRACTORY COATING OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER AND REFRACTORY COATING OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER FORMED BY BRICKS. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a brick for the refractory lining of metallurgical vessels.

In essence, the brick consists of a block of refractory material. This block is delimited by an upper face, by a lower face, by an inner face, by an outer face and by two opposite lateral faces. The upper and lower faces are flat, parallel and identical. The internal and external faces are square or rectangular, but different in that the external face has a width greater than that of the internal face, while having the same height. The side faces are not parallel to each other.

During bricklaying of the refractory lining, the inside face of a brick is placed on the side of the axis of the metal tank, while the opposite outside face is on the side of this tank.

In fact, the known bricks of this kind and currently used for masonry are refractory blocks in the form of a straight prism with isosceles trapezoidal bases. In other words, the upper and lower faces have the form of identical isosceles trapezoids, arranged vertically to each other and both centered on the same straight line which is perpendicular to them. The inner face is therefore not offset relative to the outer face.

The masonry of the refractory lining can be produced according to the technique of successive superposed piles, independent of each other and arranged respectively according to circumferences centered on the axis of the metal tank or according to the technique of piles arranged according to a helix whose axis coincides with that of this metal tank. The helical arrangement of the heaps of bricks is often preferred because it allows compared to the first technique on the one hand, to eliminate the use of closing bricks cut to size and used to finish the various heaps, and on the other hand , to avoid the use of bricks with different taper to compensate for variations in the dimensions of the metal tank and those in the dimensions of these bricks, resulting from pressing during their manufacture.

The number and diversity of the formats of the known bricks having a thickness of 100 mm and having to be used in the masonry of the metal tanks according to the aforementioned first technique of the superposed piles, successive and independent, are large.

In the second technique mentioned above, superposed piles but oriented in a helix, the bricks generally used have their two lateral faces curved in the same direction. Therefore, it is possible according to the needs of the mason-i5 swim, to articulate these bricks one with respect to the other, in order to approach or move away from the metal tank without having to systematically change the brick to take account of the differences in the key of the bricks, that is to say of the differences between the widths of external and internal faces of said bri-20 ques. Despite this advantage of the second technique, known articulated bricks have a significant drawback, especially when mechanizing the masonry of refractory linings.

In fact, as soon as the placement rate of the 25 bricks is increased, the operator can no longer react quickly enough to correct precisely when the variations in key appear compared to the ideal fictitious masonry template. This results in a slowing down in the masonry work, which causes, at the operator on the work table, so much accumulation of bricks that the development of the masonry is completely disorganized. Thus, the saving in masonry time hoped for by accelerating the rate of placement of the bricks is then almost completely lost.

The invention relates to a refractory brick making it possible to remedy the aforementioned drawback of the masonry technique with articulated bricks. The new brick makes it possible to quickly catch untimely variations in curvature appearing in heaps in the process of formation. It is important to note that the new brick is advantageously ap-40 applicable to the aforementioned masonry techniques and as well in conventional manual masonry (first technique) as in accelerated mechanized masonry (second technique).

To this end, the brick according to the invention is defined by the “vendication 1”.

Thanks to the shape characteristics of the new brick, one can, by placing one of them in an inverted position, very quickly correct abnormal curvatures that have appeared in this heap, without this inverted brick falling 50 out of the heap. under the effect of its own weight in the container during the tilting of the latter.

In addition, the shape characteristics of the brick lead to a significant reduction in the number and diversity of formats, both in the first masonry technique 55 with heap aligned along circumferences and in the second technique with alginate heaps following a helix where this trend has already started.

On the other hand, there are already certain bricks whose small lateral faces are curved according to adequate radii of court-60 bure and whose inner and outer faces are not offset between them. In some cases, these small curved side faces are even ribbed or serrated, so that the bricks hold on to each other and do not slide relative to one another during the tilting of the metallurgical container 65. However, the ribs and the teeth of the small faces in question of the bricks strongly counteract their dry articulation, which is not acceptable in the case of mechanized masonry.

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To further ensure the mutual maintenance of the new bricks, we take up the aforementioned idea of the curving of the small side faces. The lateral faces of the brick can thus be curved in the same direction and according to the same radius of curvature.

In addition, to avoid chipping the edges of the brick at acute angles between its lateral faces and its exterior and interior faces, these edges are advantageously chamfered over their entire height, the acute angles possibly becoming substantially right angles.

To improve the mutual articulation of the bricks and also to avoid chipping of their sharp edges, their lateral faces can be doubly curved in the shape of an S symmetrical with respect to its medium. The curvatures of these lateral faces are in the same direction and according to the same radii of curvature.

It should be noted that the side faces of the bricks can be straight, flat and not articulated. In addition, these bricks still make it possible to avoid the penetration of liquid metal and slag into the joints between the bricks of the heaps, because these joints are not aligned in radial directions of the metal tank but are inclined straight or curvilinearly.

The invention also relates to a refractory lining of a metallurgical container constituted by bricks superimposed around the axis of the metal tank of the metallurgical container.

The refractory lining according to the invention is defined by claim 5.

The details and particularities of the invention will appear in the course of the description and the appended drawings which show schematically and by way of example only, several embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a brick according to the invention and Figure 2 is a plan view.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the brick, while Figure 4 is a plan view.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the brick, while Figure 6 is a plan view.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the brick with sharp chamfered edges, while Figure 8 is a plan view.

Figure 9 is still a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the brick, while Figure 10 is a plan view.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of several superimposed layers of bricks hinged in S and forming the refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of three successive S bricks of a layer illustrating the take-up of taper by reversing the position of the middle brick.

Each brick shown is constituted by a block 1 of refractory material.

The block 1 is delimited by an upper face 2, by a lower face 3, by an inner face 4, by an outer face 5 and by two opposite lateral faces 6 and 7.

The upper 2 and lower 3 faces are planar, parallel and identical.

The inner 4 and outer 5 faces are flat, square or rectangular and for example parallel. These faces 4 and 5 have the same height but the inner face 4 is less wide than the outer face 5.

The lateral faces 6 and 7 are not parallel to each other.

The inner face 4 is offset relative to the outer face 5, parallel to the upper 2 and lower 3 faces.

In other words, the middle 8 of the inner face 4 is strongly or not spaced from the elevated perpendicular to the outer face 5 in its middle 9. Thus, the straight line 10 of the midpoints 8 and 9 is oblique to the planes interior faces 4 and ex-5 tterior 5, instead of being perpendicular to these planes.

In the first example, the upper 2 and lower 3 faces of the block 1 are identical and scalene trapezoids. The sides joining their parallel bases are straight edges. In addition, the lateral faces 6 and 7 are rectangles of the same height but the face 6 and longer than the face 7. The inner face 4 is offset to the left relative to the outer face 5, parallel to the upper faces 2 and lower 3. In other words, the middle 8 is to the left of the perpendicular to the middle 9 to the outer face 5 and the right 10 is in-i5 slightly inclined with respect to the inner 4 and outer faces 5. About of this inclination, it should be noted that the orthogonal projection of the left sharp edge of the inner face 4 on the plane of the outer face 5 is located in this face 5 and at a relatively small distance from its left edge. In the second example, the upper 2 and lower 3 faces remain flat but are geometrical figures each delimited by two parallel and unequal straight line segments and by two unequal curve segments with the same radius of curvature. Thus, the side faces 6 and 7 are curved rectangular figures having different lengths but equal curvatures. The straight line 10 of the midpoints 8 and 9 is still slightly inclined relative to the plane of the faces 4 and 5 since the orthogonal projection of the left edge of the inner face 4 on the plane of the outer face 5 falls 30 out of this face 5 but near its left edge.

The third example is similar to the first and differs from it only in fact by the much steeper inclination of the line 10 relative to the planes of the faces 4 and 5. The inner face 4 is strongly offset to the left relative at 35 the outer face 5. The orthogonal projection of the left edge of the inner face 4 on the plane of the outer face 5 falls clearly out of this face 5 and at a great distance from its left edge, distance practically equal to its width.

The fourth example is similar to the previous one and is distinguished by the fact that the sharp angles of block 1 are cut. In this case, the edge 11 of intersection of the inner 4 and lateral 7 faces has a chamfer 12 intersecting its sharp angle, just as the edge 13 of intersection of the outer 5 and lateral faces 6 has a similar chamfer 14. Thus, the edge 11 of the acute angle of the faces 4 and 7 and the edge 13 of the acute angle of the faces 5 and 6 are chamfered over their entire height. The chamfering of the edges 11 and 13 makes it possible to eliminate the acute angles of block 1 which are so difficult to achieve during the pressing of this block 1.

In the fifth example, the upper 2 and lower 50 faces 3 remain flat but are identical geometric figures each delimited by two parallel and unequal straight line segments and by two unequal curve segments each extending in the form of a symmetrical S by relative to its midpoint, these S having corresponding curvatures 55 in the same direction and having the same radii of curvature. The lateral face 6 or 7 is a rectangular figure curved in different directions on either side of its median parallel to its short sides. Furthermore, the inclination of the straight line 10 is substantially equal to that of the fourth case.

60 It should be noted that, in each case, the angle of inclination of the straight line 10 relative to the planes of the faces 4 and 5 depends in particular on the distance between these faces 4 and 5, on the width of these faces 4 and 5 and the curvature of the metal tank at the installation of the block 1.

65 On the other hand, during its pressing, the new refractory brick may be provided with a sheet of cardboard on a lateral face 6 or 7 and / or on its underside 3. The cardboard sheet or sheets are placed on the bottom and / or on a side wall

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of the brick making mold before pouring the refractory material. This or these cardboard sheets allow the expansion of the block 1 without risk of chipping when the refractory lining is brought to temperature.

Regarding the refractory lining of the metal tank produced with the bricks, FIG. 11 illustrates the mutual arrangement of bricks in accordance with the fifth example and articulated together in several successive superimposed layers.

In this case, the straight line 10 taken up in the block 1 is strongly and intentionally inclined with respect to the radial direction of this metal tank passing through the geometric center of this block 1.

On the other hand, Figure 12 shows on a larger scale, a detail of the previous figure and relating to the recovery of coni-city by inverted position of a brick of the layer.

VS

2 sheets of drawings

Claims (5)

644,658 1. Brick for the refractory lining of a metallurgical container, constituted by a block of refractory material delimited by a flat upper face, by a flat lower face, parallel and identical to the upper face, by a square or rectangular inner face, by a square or rectangular outer face, but of greater width than the inner face, and by two opposite non-parallel lateral faces, characterized in that the middle of the inner face is offset parallel to the upper and lower faces, with respect to the right passing through the middle of the outer face and extending perpendicularly to the latter. 2. Brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral faces are curved in the same direction and according to the same radius of curvature. 2 3. Brick according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edge of the acute angle formed by the inner face and a lateral face, respectively by the outer face and the other lateral face, is chamfered over its entire height . 4. Brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the lateral faces are doubly curved in S symmetrical with respect to its medium, the curvatures being in the same directions and according to the same radii of curvature. 5. Refractory lining of a metallurgical container, consisting of layers of bricks according to one of the preceding claims, superimposed around the axis of the metal vessel of this container, characterized in that, in each layer, the bricks are inclined around their geometric center with respect to the radial direction of this metal tank passing through this center, so that the coating has a curvature which faithfully follows that of the ideal imaginary masonry template.