EP1165894A1 - Artificial block with rough surface - Google Patents

Artificial block with rough surface

Info

Publication number
EP1165894A1
EP1165894A1 EP00911004A EP00911004A EP1165894A1 EP 1165894 A1 EP1165894 A1 EP 1165894A1 EP 00911004 A EP00911004 A EP 00911004A EP 00911004 A EP00911004 A EP 00911004A EP 1165894 A1 EP1165894 A1 EP 1165894A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
faces
block
legs
lateral
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00911004A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1165894B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Denechere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ARTELIA EAU & ENVIRONNEMENT
Original Assignee
Societe Grenobloise dEtudes et dApplications Hydrauliques SA SOGREAH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Grenobloise dEtudes et dApplications Hydrauliques SA SOGREAH filed Critical Societe Grenobloise dEtudes et dApplications Hydrauliques SA SOGREAH
Publication of EP1165894A1 publication Critical patent/EP1165894A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1165894B1 publication Critical patent/EP1165894B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an artificial shell block for the realization of maritime and river protection works such as jetties, groynes, submarine reefs, breakwaters detached breakwaters of solid land and coastal road dykes in rivers, protection of banks etc.
  • an artificial block is already known from patent document FR-2547135
  • This known block comprises a central core having a first and a second opposite face each provided with an anvil-shaped side leg, each anvil-shaped side leg having a table, two inclined sides and two side faces, the tables said lateral legs being arranged parallel to each other and parallel to said first and second opposite faces of the core, the inclined faces of said lateral legs pressing on third and fourth apparent and opposite faces of said core said core having a fifth and a sixth opposite face and each provided with a front leg in the form of a trunk of a pyramid having four lateral faces and a frontal face parallel to said fifth and sixth faces of the core and to the lateral faces of the lateral legs, two of the opposite lateral faces of each front leg shaped pyramid trunk resting in overlap on the lateral faces of the lateral legs
  • Such a block has great qualities of robustness and hydraulic stability
  • robustness is meant the ability of the block to have good mechanical resistance to shocks and internal stresses
  • the lateral faces of the anvil-shaped lateral legs are further provided with grooves parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the tables of the lateral legs, which makes it possible to increase the individual stability of the block by increasing the power of hooking of the block with neighboring blocks and further improving the hydrodynamic resistance due to the roughness of the external surface of the block.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a solution to further improve the qualities of stability and attachment of such an artificial block whatever the orientation of the blocks.
  • the subject of the invention is a shell block for the production of maritime and river protection works, having an external surface defining portions of surface which are parallel and opposite with respect to a transverse plane of the block, said block being inscribed in a cube having a side of length H, characterized in that said surface portions have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protuberances, each frustoconical protuberance having a height of between 0.005H and 0.1 H.
  • pyramidal protrusions are placed on the lateral faces of the lateral legs and on the front faces of the frontal legs.
  • This particular shape of the rough surface of the block according to the invention gives it increased stability by increasing the points of contact with the neighboring blocks and increased hooking power both at the lateral faces of the lateral tabs and at the faces. frontal of the frontal legs. It also allows a very efficient dissipation of energy.
  • the presence of the pyramidal protrusions on these lateral and frontal faces, respectively of the lateral and frontal legs furthermore makes it possible to fix the marine flora and fauna on the immersed blocks.
  • a multitude of recesses and / or protuberances are distributed over a contour of the external surface of the block coincident with said transverse plane of the block which may be a plane of symmetry.
  • the tables of the lateral legs also have, in their middle part, a transverse recess.
  • the angle edges of the lateral and front legs are chamfered.
  • the transverse recesses formed in the tables of the lateral legs and the chamfering of the corner stops of the lateral and front legs promote the mutual nesting of the biocs and therefore their attachment. They also facilitate the installation of the blocks.
  • the invention extends to a mold for the manufacture of a block according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a block according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of a set of pyramidal protrusions according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a half-shell of a mold for the manufacture of a block according to the invention.
  • the block shown diagrammatically in perspective in FIG. 1 is obtained by a single pouring of concrete in an appropriate mold.
  • the block is inscribed in a cube having a dimension of length H; this length will be taken into account later because it serves as a reference for the different dimensions of the frustoconical protrusions forming the rough surface of the block.
  • the shape of the block of the invention is established around a central core 1, for example of generally cubic shape, having a first and a second opposite face 11 and 12, a third and a fourth face opposite 13 and 14, partially visible, and a fifth and sixth opposite face 15 and 16.
  • Each of the first and second faces 11 and 12 serves to support an anvil-shaped side tab; these lateral tabs referenced 21 and 22 each include a table 21A and 22A parallel to the faces 11 and 12 of the core and the lateral faces 21 B, 21 C (not visible in FIG. 1) and 22B, 22C (not visible in the figure 1) parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core.
  • Tables 21 A and 22A are parallel to each other.
  • the block has a plane of symmetry P which intersects the faces 11 and 12.
  • each anvil-shaped lateral tab 21, 22 have end facets 21 D and 21 F, 22D and
  • each front tab which only one 31 is visible in FIG. 1.
  • Each front tab such as 31 has a general shape in the trunk of a pyramid having four lateral faces and one face frontal parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core.
  • the lateral faces of the trunk of the pyramid form an angular angle between 20 and 28 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the pyramid: two opposite lateral faces 31 A and 32A of the front tab 31, overlap on the lateral faces 21 B and 22B anvil-shaped side legs to increase the robustness of the block.
  • This overlap is made by a plane leave and is identical for the front leg not visible in FIG. 1.
  • the table of each lateral leg in the shape of an anvil has a transverse notch 34.35 extending over the entire width of the table . This arrangement improves the ability of the block to hang stably on the riprap layer; it also makes it possible to promote the flow between the shell and the undercoat to reduce the destabilizing hydrodynamic stresses. Finally, it promotes the interpenetration of the blocks into each other, which strengthens the cohesion of the shell.
  • the lateral faces 21 B and 21 C, 22B and 22C of the lateral tabs 21, 22 and the front face 33 of each front tab such as 31 have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protrusions and here pyramidal 40 which contributes to reinforce the ability of the block to hook and tighten the shell (due to the reduction in oscillations).
  • pyramidal protrusions are preferably all identical, form an integral part of the block and are produced by molding during the pouring of the concrete. They are arranged in a row and in diagonal columns, contiguously.
  • Each protuberance shown in more detail in Figure 2 has a height between 0.005H and 0.1H, preferably between 0.01H and 0.05H. Tests have shown that the best hanging capacity was obtained for a height of 0.03H.
  • These pyramidal protrusions are not too protruding to resist shocks and to facilitate the formwork removal.
  • Each protuberance is preferably pyramidal with a polygonal base and in particular square with each side having a length of about 0.08H
  • each pyramidal protuberance 40 extends along its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the opposite faces 15 and 16 of the core to facilitate the mold release operations as indicated below
  • the facets of the block which are intersecting on the faces 15 and 16 of the core are not provided with such pyramidal protrusions
  • recesses and / or protuberances 50 are distributed over the contour of the external surface of the block which coincides with the plane of symmetry of the block. These recesses and / or protuberances 50 also have a frustoconical shape and dimensions identical to those of the protrusions 40
  • the mold used for the manufacture of the block by pouring concrete may advantageously be a metallic mold, made of high performance concrete or any other molding material, constituted by the assembly of two half-shells symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the legs lateral 21, 22 (HERE the plane P parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core) These two half-shells are mounted contiguous and separable in the plane of symmetry P of the block As the release of the block is done by separation of the two half-shells in a direction perpendicular to the median plane P of the lateral tabs and therefore of the faces 15 and 16 of the core, the protrusions 40 formed on the surface of the block and the recesses and / or protuberances 50 formed on the contour of the block in the plane P n ' offer no resistance to separation of half shells
  • the interior surface of the two half-shells presents a relief with recesses and / or protuberances identical and complementary to those and / or to those which are formed on the surface of the block
  • These recesses and / or protuberances, for example pyramidal, on the inner surface of the mold half-shells are formed, in the case of a metal mold for example, by welding of precut sheets in the form of rhombus and pheas in half and welded
  • a half-shell 60 of the mold is illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 in cross section perpendicular to the plane P
  • recesses 61 on the inner surface of the half-shell 60 of a shape complementary to the protrusions 40 on the block.
  • protrusions 62 on the inner surface of the half-shell 60 of complementary shape to the recesses 50 on the block.
  • the invention applies to the production of works, in particular of carapaces of works, by depositing blocks in one or more layers, preferably by seeking to vary the attitude of the blocks in order to favor their nesting.
  • the blocks made of unreinforced concrete by molding, have a dimension H of between 0.75m and several meters.
  • the rough surface of the blocks according to the invention also reduces the unfavorable impression resulting from the mirror effect of large flat faces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an artificial block comprising a central core (1) having first (11) and second (12) opposite surfaces each provided with an anvil-shaped side leg (21, 22) with a table (21A, 22A), two sloping sides (21E, 21G; 22E, 22G) and two side surfaces (21B, 21C; 22B, 22C), the tables of said side legs being arranged parallel to said first and second opposite surfaces of the core, the inclined sides of said side legs resting on third (13) and fourth (14) exposed opposite surfaces of said core, said core having fifth (15) and sixth (16) surfaces each provided with side legs and front legs shaped like a truncated pyramid with four side surfaces and one front surface (33) parallel to said fifth and sixth surfaces of the core and to the side surfaces of the side legs. Said block is inscribed in a cube with a length H and the side surfaces of the side legs and the front surfaces of the front legs have a rough surface formed by multiple pyramidal protuberances (40), each pyramidal protuberance having a length ranging between 0.005H and 0.1H, preferably 0.03H. Such an arrangement enables to provide the block with very good gripping capacity.

Description

Bloc de carapace à surface rugueuse Rough surface shell block
L'invention concerne un bloc artificiel de carapace pour la réalisation d'ouvrages de protection maritime et fluviale tels que jetées, épis, récifs sous- maπns brise-lames détachés brise-lames de terre pleins et de route côtière digues en rivière, protections de berges etc Un tel bloc artificiel est déjà connu du document de brevet FR-2547135The invention relates to an artificial shell block for the realization of maritime and river protection works such as jetties, groynes, submarine reefs, breakwaters detached breakwaters of solid land and coastal road dykes in rivers, protection of banks etc. Such an artificial block is already known from patent document FR-2547135
Ce bloc connu comprend un noyau central ayant une première et une seconde face opposées munies chacune d'une patte latérale en forme d'enclume, chaque patte latérale en forme d'enclume ayant une table, deux pans inclinés et deux faces latérales, les tables desdites pattes latérales étant disposées parallèlement entre elles et parallèlement aux dites première et seconde faces opposées du noyau, les pans inclinés desdites pattes latérales s appuyant sur des troisième et quatrième faces apparentes et opposées dudit noyau ledit noyau ayant une cinquième et une sixième face opposées et munies chacune d'une patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide ayant quatre faces latérales et une face frontale parallèle aux dites cinquième et sixième faces du noyau et aux faces latérales des pattes latérales, deux des faces latérales opposées de chaque patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide s'appuyant en recouvrement sur les faces latérales des pattes latéralesThis known block comprises a central core having a first and a second opposite face each provided with an anvil-shaped side leg, each anvil-shaped side leg having a table, two inclined sides and two side faces, the tables said lateral legs being arranged parallel to each other and parallel to said first and second opposite faces of the core, the inclined faces of said lateral legs pressing on third and fourth apparent and opposite faces of said core said core having a fifth and a sixth opposite face and each provided with a front leg in the form of a trunk of a pyramid having four lateral faces and a frontal face parallel to said fifth and sixth faces of the core and to the lateral faces of the lateral legs, two of the opposite lateral faces of each front leg shaped pyramid trunk resting in overlap on the lateral faces of the lateral legs
Un tel bloc présente de grandes qualités de robustesse et de stabilité hydrauliqueSuch a block has great qualities of robustness and hydraulic stability
Par robustesse, on entend l'aptitude du bloc à une bonne tenue mécanique aux chocs et aux contraintes internesBy robustness is meant the ability of the block to have good mechanical resistance to shocks and internal stresses
Par stabilité, on entend la faculté des blocs, d'une part à s'accrocher sur les surfaces (tapis, talus et bermes) sous-jacentes des ouvrages à protéger et, d'autre part, à s'accrocher entre eux grâce à leur forme particulière en constituant une carapace de protection qui laisse des espaces vides suffisants pour absorber, en la dissipant, l'énergie hydraulique à laquelle l'ouvrage est soumisBy stability, we mean the ability of blocks, on the one hand to hang on the surfaces (carpet, slope and berms) underlying the works to be protected and, on the other hand, to hang on to each other thanks to their particular shape by constituting a protective shell which leaves sufficient empty spaces to absorb and dissipate the hydraulic energy to which the structure is subjected
Dans ce bloc connu, les faces latérales des pattes latérales en forme d'enclume sont en outre munies de rainures parallèles et perpendiculaires au plan des tables des pattes latérales ce qui permet d'augmenter la stabilité individuelle du bloc par une augmentation du pouvoir d'accrochage du bloc avec les blocs voisins et en outre d'améliorer la résistance hydrodynamique due à la rugosité de la surface extreieure du bloc Le but de l'invention est de proposer une solution pour améliorer encore plus les qualités de stabilité et d'accrochage d'un tel bloc artificiel quelle que soit l'orientation des blocs.In this known block, the lateral faces of the anvil-shaped lateral legs are further provided with grooves parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the tables of the lateral legs, which makes it possible to increase the individual stability of the block by increasing the power of hooking of the block with neighboring blocks and further improving the hydrodynamic resistance due to the roughness of the external surface of the block The object of the invention is to propose a solution to further improve the qualities of stability and attachment of such an artificial block whatever the orientation of the blocks.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un bloc de carapace pour la réalisation d'ouvrages de protection maritime et fluviale, ayant une surface extérieure définissant des portions de surface parallèles et opposées par rapport à un plan transversal du bloc, ledit bloc étant inscrit dans un cube ayant un côté de longueur H, caractérisé en ce que lesdites portions de surface ont une surface rugueuse formée par une multitude de protubérances tronconiques, chaque protubérance tronconique ayant une hauteur comprise entre 0,005H et 0,1 H.To this end, the subject of the invention is a shell block for the production of maritime and river protection works, having an external surface defining portions of surface which are parallel and opposite with respect to a transverse plane of the block, said block being inscribed in a cube having a side of length H, characterized in that said surface portions have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protuberances, each frustoconical protuberance having a height of between 0.005H and 0.1 H.
En particulier selon l'invention, dans le bloc de carapace tel que défini plus haut, des protubérances pyramidales sont placées sur les faces latérales des pattes latérales et sur les faces frontales des pattes frontales. Cette forme particulière de la surface rugueuse du bloc selon l'invention lui confère une stabilité accrue par augmentation des points de contact avec les blocs voisins et un pouvoir d'accrochage accru tant au niveau des faces latérales des pattes latérales qu'au niveau des faces frontales des pattes frontales. Elle permet en outre une dissipation très efficace de l'énergie. La présence des protubérances pyramidales sur ces faces latérales et frontales respectivement des pattes latérales et frontales permet en outre une fixation de la flore et de la faune marine sur les blocs immergés.In particular according to the invention, in the shell block as defined above, pyramidal protrusions are placed on the lateral faces of the lateral legs and on the front faces of the frontal legs. This particular shape of the rough surface of the block according to the invention gives it increased stability by increasing the points of contact with the neighboring blocks and increased hooking power both at the lateral faces of the lateral tabs and at the faces. frontal of the frontal legs. It also allows a very efficient dissipation of energy. The presence of the pyramidal protrusions on these lateral and frontal faces, respectively of the lateral and frontal legs, furthermore makes it possible to fix the marine flora and fauna on the immersed blocks.
Pour renforcer encore plus le pouvoir d'accrochage des blocs entre eux, une multitude d'évidements et /ou de protubérances sont répartis sur un contour de la surface extérieure du bloc confondu avec ledit plan transversal du bloc qui peut être un plan de symétrie.To further strengthen the attachment power of the blocks therebetween, a multitude of recesses and / or protuberances are distributed over a contour of the external surface of the block coincident with said transverse plane of the block which may be a plane of symmetry.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier du bloc selon l'invention, les tables des pattes latérales comportent en outre, dans leur partie médiane, un évidement transversal. Selon encore un mode de réalisation particulier du bloc selon l'invention, les arêtes cornières des pattes latérales et frontales sont chanfreinées.According to a particular embodiment of the block according to the invention, the tables of the lateral legs also have, in their middle part, a transverse recess. According to yet another particular embodiment of the block according to the invention, the angle edges of the lateral and front legs are chamfered.
Les évidements transversaux formés dans les tables des pattes latérales et le chanfreinage des arrêtes cornières des pattes latérales et frontales favorisent l'imbrication mutuelle des biocs et donc leur accrochage. Ils facilitent en outre la pose des blocs. L'invention s'étend à un moule pour la fabrication d'un bloc selon l'invention.The transverse recesses formed in the tables of the lateral legs and the chamfering of the corner stops of the lateral and front legs promote the mutual nesting of the biocs and therefore their attachment. They also facilitate the installation of the blocks. The invention extends to a mold for the manufacture of a block according to the invention.
L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation d'un bloc artificiel selon l'invention illustré sur les dessins. La figure 1 est une vue en perspective schématique d'un bloc selon l'invention.The invention will be clearly understood on reading the following description of an embodiment of an artificial block according to the invention illustrated in the drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a block according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue de détail en perspective d'un ensemble de protubérances pyramidales selon l'invention.Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of a set of pyramidal protrusions according to the invention.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une demi-coquille d'un moule pour la fabrication d'un bloc selon l'invention.Figure 3 is a sectional view of a half-shell of a mold for the manufacture of a block according to the invention.
Le bloc représenté schématiquement en perspective sur la figure 1 est obtenu par un seul coulage de béton dans un moule approprié.The block shown diagrammatically in perspective in FIG. 1 is obtained by a single pouring of concrete in an appropriate mold.
La description donnée ci-après fait référence à un noyau central qui n'a pas de réelle existence, mais qui est invoqué pour expliquer la forme, relativement complexe, du bloc selon l'invention.The description given below refers to a central core which has no real existence, but which is invoked to explain the relatively complex shape of the block according to the invention.
Il est à noter que le bloc s'inscrit dans un cube ayant un coté de longueur H ; cette longueur sera prise en considération par la suite car elle sert de référence aux différentes dimensions des protubérances tronconiques formant la surface rugueuse du bloc. Comme il a été dit, la forme du bloc de l'invention s'établit autour d'un noyau central 1 , par exemple de forme générale cubique, ayant une première et une seconde face opposées 11 et 12, une troisième et une quatrième face opposées 13 et 14, partiellement visibles, et une cinquième et sixième face opposées 15 et 16. Chacune des première et seconde faces 11 et 12 sert d'appui à une patte latérale en forme d'enclume ; ces pattes latérales référencées 21 et 22, comprennent chacune une table 21A et 22A parallèle aux faces 11 et 12 du noyau et des faces latérales 21 B, 21 C (non visible sur la figure 1 ) et 22B, 22C (non visible sur la figure 1 ) parallèles aux faces 15 et 16 du noyau. Les tables 21 A et 22A sont parallèles entre elles. Le bloc présente un plan de symétrie P qui coupe les faces 11 et 12.It should be noted that the block is inscribed in a cube having a dimension of length H; this length will be taken into account later because it serves as a reference for the different dimensions of the frustoconical protrusions forming the rough surface of the block. As has been said, the shape of the block of the invention is established around a central core 1, for example of generally cubic shape, having a first and a second opposite face 11 and 12, a third and a fourth face opposite 13 and 14, partially visible, and a fifth and sixth opposite face 15 and 16. Each of the first and second faces 11 and 12 serves to support an anvil-shaped side tab; these lateral tabs referenced 21 and 22 each include a table 21A and 22A parallel to the faces 11 and 12 of the core and the lateral faces 21 B, 21 C (not visible in FIG. 1) and 22B, 22C (not visible in the figure 1) parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core. Tables 21 A and 22A are parallel to each other. The block has a plane of symmetry P which intersects the faces 11 and 12.
Comme visible sur la figure 1 , les extrémités de chaque patte latérale en forme d'enclume 21 ,22 comportent des facettes terminales 21 D et 21 F, 22D etAs can be seen in FIG. 1, the ends of each anvil-shaped lateral tab 21, 22 have end facets 21 D and 21 F, 22D and
22F qui forment un angle obtus avec la table de la patte latérale et les pans de liaison 21 E et 21 G, 22E et 22G de celle-ci au noyau recouvrent partiellement les seules faces visibles 13 et 14 de ce dernier. Pour faciliter le démoulage du bloc, les facettes 21 D, 21 E, 21 F, 21 G, 22D, 22E, 22F, 22G ne sont pas en réalité rigoureusement planes, mais constituées de deux portions planes faisant entre elles un angle inférieur, de un ou deux degrés, à 180 degrés. Les cinquième et sixième faces 15 et 16 du noyau sont munies chacune d'une patte frontale dont une seule 31 est visible sur la figure 1. Chaque patte frontale telle que 31 a une forme générale en tronc de pyramide ayant quatre faces latérales et une face frontale parallèle aux faces 15 et 16 du noyau. Les faces latérales du tronc de pyramide font avec l'axe longitudinal de la pyramide un angie compris entre 20 et 28 degrés : deux faces latérales opposées 31 A et 32A de la patte frontale 31 , viennent en recouvrement sur les faces latérales 21 B et 22B des pattes latérales en forme d'enclume pour accroître la robustesse du bloc. Ce recouvrement est fait par un congé plan et est identique pour la patte frontale non visible sur la figure 1. La table de chaque patte latérale en forme d'enclume possède une échancrure transversale 34,35 s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la table. Cette disposition permet d'améliorer la faculté du bloc à s'accrocher de manière stable sur la couche d'enrochement ; elle permet en outre de favoriser l'écoulement entre carapace et sous-couche pour diminuer les sollicitations hydrodynamiques déstabilisantes. Elle favorise enfin, l'interpénétration des blocs les uns dans les autres ce qui renforce la cohésion de la carapace.22F which form an obtuse angle with the table of the lateral tab and the connecting sections 21 E and 21 G, 22E and 22G from the latter to the core partially cover the only visible faces 13 and 14 of the latter. To facilitate demoulding of the block, the facets 21 D, 21 E, 21 F, 21 G, 22D, 22E, 22F, 22G are not in reality strictly planar, but consist of two planar portions forming a lower angle between them, of one or two degrees, 180 degrees. The fifth and sixth faces 15 and 16 of the core are each provided with a front tab of which only one 31 is visible in FIG. 1. Each front tab such as 31 has a general shape in the trunk of a pyramid having four lateral faces and one face frontal parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core. The lateral faces of the trunk of the pyramid form an angular angle between 20 and 28 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the pyramid: two opposite lateral faces 31 A and 32A of the front tab 31, overlap on the lateral faces 21 B and 22B anvil-shaped side legs to increase the robustness of the block. This overlap is made by a plane leave and is identical for the front leg not visible in FIG. 1. The table of each lateral leg in the shape of an anvil has a transverse notch 34.35 extending over the entire width of the table . This arrangement improves the ability of the block to hang stably on the riprap layer; it also makes it possible to promote the flow between the shell and the undercoat to reduce the destabilizing hydrodynamic stresses. Finally, it promotes the interpenetration of the blocks into each other, which strengthens the cohesion of the shell.
Comme visible sur la figure 1 , la plupart des arrêtes cornières des pattes latérales et frontales sont abattues et forment des chanfreins.As can be seen in FIG. 1, most of the angle ridges of the lateral and front legs are cut down and form chamfers.
Les faces latérales 21 B et 21 C, 22B et 22C des pattes latérales 21 ,22 et la face frontale 33 de chaque patte frontale telle que 31 présentent une surface rugueuse formée par une multitude de protubérances tronconiques et ici pyramidales 40 ce qui contribue à renforcer l'aptitude du bloc à l'accrochage et au serrage de la carapace (du fait de la réduction des oscillations).The lateral faces 21 B and 21 C, 22B and 22C of the lateral tabs 21, 22 and the front face 33 of each front tab such as 31 have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protrusions and here pyramidal 40 which contributes to reinforce the ability of the block to hook and tighten the shell (due to the reduction in oscillations).
Ces protubérances pyramidales sont de préférence toutes identiques, font partie intégrante du bloc et sont produites par moulage lors de la coulée du béton. Elles sont disposées en ligne et en colonne diagonales, de façon jointive. Chaque protubérance représentée plus en détail sur la figure 2, a une hauteur comprise entre 0.005H et 0,1 H, de préférence entre 0,01 H et 0,05H. Des essais ont montré que la meilleure capacité d'accrochage était obtenue pour une hauteur de 0.03H. Ces protubérances pyramidales ne sont pas trop saillantes pour résister aux chocs et pour faciliter le décoffrage du bloc. Chaque protubérance est de préférence pyramidale avec une base polygonale et notamment carrée dont chaque côté a une longueur d'environ 0,08HThese pyramidal protrusions are preferably all identical, form an integral part of the block and are produced by molding during the pouring of the concrete. They are arranged in a row and in diagonal columns, contiguously. Each protuberance shown in more detail in Figure 2, has a height between 0.005H and 0.1H, preferably between 0.01H and 0.05H. Tests have shown that the best hanging capacity was obtained for a height of 0.03H. These pyramidal protrusions are not too protruding to resist shocks and to facilitate the formwork removal. Each protuberance is preferably pyramidal with a polygonal base and in particular square with each side having a length of about 0.08H
Comme visible sur la figure 1 , ces protubérances pyramidales recouvrent seulement la partie des faces latérales des pattes latérales qui sont parallèles aux faces 15 et 16 du noyau et chaque protubérance pyramidale 40 s'étend suivant son axe longitudinal perpendiculairement aux faces opposées 15 et 16 du noyau pour faciliter les opérations de démoulage du bloc comme indique ci- apres En particulier, on remarquera que les facettes du bloc qui sont sécantes aux faces 15 et 16 du noyau ne sont pas munies de telles protubérances pyramidalesAs can be seen in FIG. 1, these pyramidal protrusions cover only the part of the lateral faces of the lateral legs which are parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core and each pyramidal protuberance 40 extends along its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the opposite faces 15 and 16 of the core to facilitate the mold release operations as indicated below In particular, it will be noted that the facets of the block which are intersecting on the faces 15 and 16 of the core are not provided with such pyramidal protrusions
Pour renforcer le pouvoir d'accrochage des blocs entre eux, des évidements et/ou des protubérances 50 sont répartis sur le contour de la surface extérieure du bloc qui est confondu avec le plan de symétrie du bloc Ces évidements et/ou protubérances 50 ont également une forme tronconique et des dimensions identiques à celles des protubérances 40To reinforce the blocking power of the blocks together, recesses and / or protuberances 50 are distributed over the contour of the external surface of the block which coincides with the plane of symmetry of the block. These recesses and / or protuberances 50 also have a frustoconical shape and dimensions identical to those of the protrusions 40
Le moule utilisé pour la fabrication du bloc par coulage de béton peut avantageusement être un moule métallique, en béton haute performance ou en tout autre matériau de moulage, constitué par l'assemblage de deux demi- coquiiles symétriques par rapport au plan médian longitudinal des pattes latérales 21 ,22 (ICI le plan P parallèle aux faces 15 et 16 du noyau) Ces deux demi-coquilles sont montées jointives et séparables dans le plan de symétrie P du bloc Comme le démoulage du bloc se fait par séparation des deux demi- coquilles suivant une direction perpendiculaire au plan P médian des pattes latérales et donc des faces 15 et 16 du noyau, les protubérances 40 formées à la surface du bloc et les évidements et /ou protubérances 50 formés sur le contour du bloc dans le plan P n'offrent aucune résistance à la séparation des demi- coquillesThe mold used for the manufacture of the block by pouring concrete may advantageously be a metallic mold, made of high performance concrete or any other molding material, constituted by the assembly of two half-shells symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the legs lateral 21, 22 (HERE the plane P parallel to the faces 15 and 16 of the core) These two half-shells are mounted contiguous and separable in the plane of symmetry P of the block As the release of the block is done by separation of the two half-shells in a direction perpendicular to the median plane P of the lateral tabs and therefore of the faces 15 and 16 of the core, the protrusions 40 formed on the surface of the block and the recesses and / or protuberances 50 formed on the contour of the block in the plane P n ' offer no resistance to separation of half shells
Pour former la surface rugueuse du bloc, on prévoit que la surface intérieure des deux demi-coquilles, aux endroits appropriés de celle-ci, présente un relief avec des évidements et/ou des protubérances identiques et complémentaires à ceux et/ou à celles qui sont formés sur la surface du bloc Ces évidements et/ou protubérances, par exemple pyramidales, sur la surface intérieure des demi-coquilles du moule sont formées, dans le cas d'un moule métallique par exemple, par soudage de tôles prédécoupées en forme de losange et phées en deux et soudées Une demi-coquille 60 du moule est illustrée sur la figure 3 en coupe transversale perpendiculairement au pian P Sur cette figure 3, on a représenté des évidements 61 sur la surface intérieure de la demi-coquille 60 de forme complémentaire aux protubérances 40 sur le bloc. On a également représenté sur la figure 3, des protubérances 62 sur la surface intérieure de la demi-coquille 60 de forme complémentaire aux évidements 50 sur te bloc.To form the rough surface of the block, it is provided that the interior surface of the two half-shells, at the appropriate places thereof, presents a relief with recesses and / or protuberances identical and complementary to those and / or to those which are formed on the surface of the block These recesses and / or protuberances, for example pyramidal, on the inner surface of the mold half-shells are formed, in the case of a metal mold for example, by welding of precut sheets in the form of rhombus and pheas in half and welded A half-shell 60 of the mold is illustrated in FIG. 3 in cross section perpendicular to the plane P In this Figure 3, there are shown recesses 61 on the inner surface of the half-shell 60 of a shape complementary to the protrusions 40 on the block. Also shown in Figure 3, protrusions 62 on the inner surface of the half-shell 60 of complementary shape to the recesses 50 on the block.
L'invention s'applique à la réalisation d'ouvrages, en particulier de carapaces d'ouvrages, par dépôt de blocs en une ou plusieurs couches, de préférence en recherchant à faire varier l'attitude des blocs pour favoriser leur imbrication. Dans cette application, les blocs, réalisés en béton non armé par moulage, ont une dimension H comprise entre 0,75m et plusieurs mètres. La surface rugueuse des blocs selon l'invention atténue par ailleurs l'impression défavorable résultant de l'effet miroir de grandes faces planes. The invention applies to the production of works, in particular of carapaces of works, by depositing blocks in one or more layers, preferably by seeking to vary the attitude of the blocks in order to favor their nesting. In this application, the blocks, made of unreinforced concrete by molding, have a dimension H of between 0.75m and several meters. The rough surface of the blocks according to the invention also reduces the unfavorable impression resulting from the mirror effect of large flat faces.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Un bloc de carapace pour la réalisation d'ouvrages de protection maritime et fluviale, ayant une surface extérieure définissant des portions de surface parallèles et opposées par rapport à un pian (P) transversal du bloc, ledit bloc étant inscrit dans un cube ayant un côté de longueur H, caractérisé en ce que lesdites portions de surface ont une surface rugueuse formée par une multitude de protubérances tronconiques (40), chaque protubérance tronconique ayant une hauteur comprise entre 0,005H et 0,1 H 2/ Le bloc selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel chaque protubérance tronconique a une hauteur de 0,03H et une base carrée dont la longueur d'un côté est d'environ 0,08H.1 / A shell block for the production of maritime and river protection works, having an external surface defining parallel and opposite surface portions with respect to a transverse plane (P) of the block, said block being inscribed in a cube having a side of length H, characterized in that said surface portions have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protrusions (40), each frustoconical protuberance having a height of between 0.005H and 0.1 H 2 / The block according to claim 1, wherein each frustoconical protuberance has a height of 0.03H and a square base the length of one side of which is approximately 0.08H.
3/ Le bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, comprenant un noyau central (1 ) ayant une première (11 ) et une seconde face (12) opposées munies chacune d'une patte latérale en forme d'enclume (21 ,22), chaque patte latérale en forme d'enclume ayant une table (21A .22A), deux pans inclinés (21 E,21 G ,22E,22G) et deux faces latérales (21 B.21 C ,22B,22C), les tables desdites pattes latérales étant disposées parallèlement entre elles et parallèlement aux dites première et seconde faces opposées du noyau, les pans inclinés desdites pattes latérales s'appuyant sur des troisième (13) et quatrième faces (14) apparentes et opposées dudit noyau, ledit noyau ayant une cinquième (15) et une sixième face (16) opposées et munies chacune d'une patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide ayant quatre faces latérales et une face frontale (33) parallèle aux dites cinquième et sixième faces du noyau et aux faces latérales des pattes latérales, deux (31A.32A) des faces latérales opposées de chaque patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide s'appuyant en recouvrement sur les faces latérales des pattes latérales, les protubérances tronconiques étant placées sur les faces latérales des pattes latérales et sur les faces frontales des pattes frontales 4/ Le bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comportant une multitude d'évidements et/ou de protubérances (50) répartis sur un contour de la surface extérieure du bloc confondu avec ledit plan transversal (P) du bloc3 / The block according to one of claims 1 to 2, comprising a central core (1) having a first (11) and a second opposite face (12) each provided with an anvil-shaped side tab (21, 22), each anvil-shaped side leg having a table (21A .22A), two inclined faces (21 E, 21 G, 22E, 22G) and two lateral faces (21 B.21 C, 22B, 22C), the tables of said side legs being arranged parallel to each other and parallel to said first and second opposite faces of the core, the inclined faces of said side legs resting on third (13) and fourth faces (14) which are visible and opposite of said core, said core having a fifth (15) and a sixth face (16) opposite and each provided with a front leg in the form of a pyramid trunk having four lateral faces and a front face (33) parallel to said fifth and sixth faces of the core and on the lateral faces of the lateral legs, two (31A.32A) of the faces l ateral ends of each front leg in the shape of a pyramid trunk resting on the side faces of the side legs, the frustoconical protuberances being placed on the side faces of the side legs and on the front faces of the front legs 4 / The block according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a multitude of recesses and / or protuberances (50) distributed over a contour of the external surface of the block merged with said transverse plane (P) of the block
5/ Le bloc selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel les tables des pattes latérales comportant en outre, dans leur partie médiane, un évidemment transversal (34 ,35) 6/ Le bloc selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, dans lequel les arêtes cornières (21 D,21 F,22D,22F) des pattes latérales et frontales sont chanfreinées.5 / The block according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the tables of the lateral legs further comprising, in their median part, a transverse recess (34, 35) 6 / The block according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the angle edges (21 D, 21 F, 22D, 22F) of the side and front tabs are chamfered.
71 Un moule pour fabriquer un bloc de carapace selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est divisé en deux parties jointives et séparables dans ledit plan transversal (P) du bloc.71 A mold for manufacturing a shell block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is divided into two contiguous and separable parts in said transverse plane (P) of the block.
8/ Le moule selon la revendication 7, ayant une surface intérieure métallique qui présente un relief avec des évidements et des protubérances (61 ,62) formées par des tôles pliées et soudées. 8 / The mold according to claim 7, having a metallic inner surface which has a relief with recesses and protrusions (61, 62) formed by folded and welded sheets.
REVENDICATIONS MODIFIEESAMENDED CLAIMS
[reçues par le Bureau International le 8 Juillet 2000 (08.07.00); revendication 1 remplacée par la nouvelle revendication 1; autres revendications inchangées (1 page)][received by the International Bureau on July 8, 2000 (08.07.00); claim 1 replaced by new claim 1; other claims unchanged (1 page)]
1/ Un bloc de carapace venu de moulage pour la réalisation d'ouvrages de protection maritime et fluviale, ayant une surface extérieure définissant des portions de surface parallèles et opposées par rapport à un plan (P) transversal du bloc, ledit bloc étant inscrit dans un cube ayant un côté de longueur H, caractérisé en ce que lesdites portions de surface ont une surface rugueuse formée par une multitude de protubérances tronconiques (40), chaque protubérance tronconique ayant une hauteur comprise entre 0,005H et 0,1 H. 2/ Le bloc selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel chaque protubérance tronconique a une hauteur de 0,03H et une base carrée dont la longueur d'un côté est d'environ 0,08H1 / A shell block coming from molding for the production of maritime and river protection works, having an external surface defining parallel and opposite surface portions relative to a transverse plane (P) of the block, said block being inscribed in a cube having a side of length H, characterized in that said surface portions have a rough surface formed by a multitude of frustoconical protuberances (40), each frustoconical protuberance having a height of between 0.005H and 0.1 H. 2 / The block according to claim 1, in which each frustoconical protuberance has a height of 0.03H and a square base the length of one side of which is approximately 0.08H
3/ Le bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, comprenant un noyau central (1 ) ayant une première (11 ) et une seconde face (12) opposées munies chacune d'une patte latérale en forme d'enclume (21,22), chaque patte latérale en forme d'enclume ayant une table (21A ,22A), deux pans inclinés (21E,21G ;22E,22G) et deux faces latérales (21B,21 C ;22B.22C), les tables desdites pattes latérales étant disposées parallèlement entre elles et parallèlement aux dites première et seconde faces opposées du noyau, les pans inclinés desdites pattes latérales s'appuyant sur des troisième (13) et quatrième faces (14) apparentes et opposées dudit noyau, ledit noyau ayant une cinquième (15) et une sixième face (16) opposées et munies chacune d'une patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide ayant quatre faces latérales et une face frontale (33) parallèle aux dites cinquième et sixième faces du noyau et aux faces latérales des pattes latérales, deux (31A.32A) des faces latérales opposées de chaque patte frontale en forme de tronc de pyramide s'appuyant en recouvrement sur les faces latérales des pattes latérales, les protubérances tronconiques étant placées sur les faces latérales des pattes latérales et sur les faces frontales des pattes frontales. 4/ Le bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comportant une multitude d'évidements et/ou de protubérances (50) répartis sur un contour de la surface extérieure du bloc confondu avec ledit plan transversal (P) du bloc.3 / The block according to one of claims 1 to 2, comprising a central core (1) having a first (11) and a second opposite face (12) each provided with an anvil-shaped side tab (21, 22), each anvil-shaped side leg having a table (21A, 22A), two inclined faces (21E, 21G; 22E, 22G) and two lateral faces (21B, 21 C; 22B.22C), the tables of said lateral legs being arranged parallel to each other and parallel to said first and second opposite faces of the core, the inclined faces of said lateral legs resting on third (13) and fourth faces (14) of apparent and opposite said core, said core having a fifth (15) and sixth faces (16) opposite and each provided with a front leg in the shape of a pyramid trunk having four lateral faces and a frontal face (33) parallel to said fifth and sixth faces of the core and to the lateral faces side legs, two (31A.32A) side faces opposite rails of each front leg in the form of a pyramid trunk resting on the lateral faces of the lateral legs, the frustoconical protuberances being placed on the lateral faces of the lateral legs and on the frontal faces of the front legs. 4 / The block according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a multitude of recesses and / or protrusions (50) distributed over a contour of the outer surface of the block coincides with said transverse plane (P) of the block.
5/ Le bloc selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel les tables des pattes latérales comportant en outre, dans leur partie médiane, un évidemment transversal (34 ;35) 5 / The block according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the tables of the lateral legs further comprising, in their middle part, a transverse recess (34; 35)
EP00911004A 1999-03-22 2000-03-20 Artificial block with rough surface Expired - Lifetime EP1165894B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9903528 1999-03-22
FR9903528A FR2791370B1 (en) 1999-03-22 1999-03-22 SHELL BLOCK WITH ROUGH SURFACE
PCT/FR2000/000689 WO2000056981A1 (en) 1999-03-22 2000-03-20 Artificial block with rough surface

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EP1165894A1 true EP1165894A1 (en) 2002-01-02
EP1165894B1 EP1165894B1 (en) 2003-02-05

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CN (1) CN1144914C (en)
AT (1) ATE232256T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3301200A (en)
BR (2) BRMU8003354Y1 (en)
DE (1) DE60001361D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2190405T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2791370B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1044809B (en)
TN (1) TNSN00056A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000056981A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200107144B (en)

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US10443206B2 (en) 2011-01-10 2019-10-15 Stable Concrete Structures, Inc. Block reinforcement cage having stem reinforcement portions with open apertures formed therein, for use in reinforcing a molded concrete U-wall construction block

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FR3078984B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2022-05-13 Artelia Eau Et Environnement PERFORATED CONCRETE BLOCK FOR RIPRAP
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10443206B2 (en) 2011-01-10 2019-10-15 Stable Concrete Structures, Inc. Block reinforcement cage having stem reinforcement portions with open apertures formed therein, for use in reinforcing a molded concrete U-wall construction block
WO2018052292A1 (en) 2016-09-14 2018-03-22 Koninklijke Bam Groep N.V. Cover element of concrete for a breakwater or jetty construction, as well as breakwater or jetty construction provided with a plurality of such elements

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CN1344342A (en) 2002-04-10
ATE232256T1 (en) 2003-02-15
BRMU8003354Y1 (en) 2019-01-22
ES2190405T3 (en) 2003-08-01
FR2791370B1 (en) 2001-05-25
DE60001361D1 (en) 2003-03-13
BR0009190A (en) 2001-12-18
EP1165894B1 (en) 2003-02-05
ZA200107144B (en) 2002-10-30
TNSN00056A1 (en) 2002-05-30
WO2000056981A1 (en) 2000-09-28
CN1144914C (en) 2004-04-07
FR2791370A1 (en) 2000-09-29
AU3301200A (en) 2000-10-09
HK1044809B (en) 2004-10-21
HK1044809A1 (en) 2002-11-01

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