EP2971367B1 - Structure for protecting sea and/or river construction work, and protective block used - Google Patents

Structure for protecting sea and/or river construction work, and protective block used Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2971367B1
EP2971367B1 EP14709700.0A EP14709700A EP2971367B1 EP 2971367 B1 EP2971367 B1 EP 2971367B1 EP 14709700 A EP14709700 A EP 14709700A EP 2971367 B1 EP2971367 B1 EP 2971367B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
circular protuberance
central core
blocks
circular
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EP14709700.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2971367A1 (en
Inventor
François Ropert
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Inouco
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Inouco
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protective structure shell of maritime and / or river structures against waves and currents comprising a plurality of artificial blocks.
  • the carapace represents the key element for the stability of the structure, and constitutes the main protection element of the structure vis-à- vis-à-vis the aggression of swells.
  • the carapace consists of either natural riprap or artificial blocks, usually concrete.
  • Stability depends on the ability of the blocks, not only to cling to the underlying slopes of the works to protect, but also and especially to assemble them through their particular shape by constituting a protective shell that leaves spaces empty enough to absorb the hydraulic energy to which the work is subjected.
  • Robustness represents the ability of the shape of the blocks to good mechanical resistance to shocks, stresses and erosion. This form also depends on the interlocking properties of the blocks between them and the vacuum index of the carapace. This index must be high enough on the one hand to disperse the wave energy and on the other hand to reduce the action of underpressure.
  • the carapace can pack, while the blocks can be caused to oscillate between two positions, which accelerates the degradation of the carapace.
  • the blocks having a slender shape provide individual stability of the elements and resistance to high crossings. However, such blocks have a low structural resistance that can lead to rapid degradation of the shell.
  • Blocks having a slender shape that is to say more massive, with protuberances intended to increase the imbrication of adjacent elements, generally have high hydraulic performance.
  • the laying of such blocks must respect, in most cases, binding rules of arrangement, which makes the realization of the carapace long and delicate. It results, in particular, from this difficulty, a relative variability of the performance of these blocks.
  • the document WO 2007/011208 describes a protective shell of the wave protection structure.
  • the carapace includes wave protection elements comprising a square base body of which two nose and several protuberances extend. The growths extend in the same plane, the noses extending in the direction perpendicular to this plane and in the opposite direction with respect to each other.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the performance of a protective structure, especially in terms of dissipation of the wave energy, thanks to blocks having a high structural strength and which can be arranged in an easy arrangement. achieve and having a homogeneous porosity.
  • a protective structure shell of maritime structures and / or fluvial comprising a plurality of protective blocks.
  • Each protection block comprises a central core having an upper portion and a lower portion.
  • the central core is surrounded, in its lower part, by a circular protuberance comprising lateral faces and adapted to come, by at least one of the lateral faces, in abutment with at least one of the lateral faces of a circular protuberance of an adjacent block.
  • the presence of the circular protuberance allows easy arrangement of the blocks together, in particular by introducing a minimum distance between the central cores of two adjacent blocks, and makes it possible to easily achieve a partial tiling of the underlying surface of the slope. allowing both to protect it and to promote the flow of water above.
  • the upper part of the central core absorbs some of the wave energy by promoting the dispersion of water when the swell strikes the block.
  • the upper part of the central core thus plays the role of dissipation element and all the upper parts of the different blocks gives the shell a rough envelope to limit the amplitude of the movements of the swell on the shell, thanks in particular to spaces created around the upper parts of the nuclei by the circular protuberances.
  • the shape of the circular protuberances allows arrangements having openings regularly disposed between adjacent blocks, which promotes transverse flows conducive to the stability of the blocks.
  • the circular protuberance is adapted to allow partial tiling of a surface with adjacent protective blocks in contact with each other by at least one of the adjacent surfaces of the circular protuberance.
  • the partial paving can vary between 60% and 90% of the surface on which the blocks are laid, preferably between 70% and 85%.
  • the central core may comprise a lower base and an upper base, preferably flat, the lower base and the upper base being square or octagonal and connected by side faces.
  • the circular protuberance may be arranged around the lower part of the lateral faces of the core, from the lower base of the central core.
  • the core is a square or octagonal right prism.
  • the circular protrusion may include an octagonal lateral contour.
  • the circular protuberance may comprise a square lateral contour having a notch on at least one side, the notch being adapted to cooperate with a vertex of the square lateral contour of a protuberance of an adjacent block.
  • the adjacent blocks are in contact with each other by at least one of the lateral faces of the protuberance.
  • the adjacent blocks are in contact via the vertices of the contour and the notches of the sides of the contour. In both cases, the contact surfaces allow a better stability of the blocks together, and the geometry of the circular protrusion allows easy positioning of the blocks together.
  • the octagonal lateral contour may correspond to a square lateral contour in which the vertices are chamfered.
  • the lateral contour is not a regular octagon: one lateral face on two has a smaller surface area.
  • the circular protuberance forms, with the lower base of the core, a lower surface of the planar block. Said lower surface of the block is that on which the block rests on the underlying slope.
  • the circular protuberance also comprises a circular inclined surface, for example between 0 ° and 70 °, preferably between 5 ° and 65 °, connecting the upper end of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance to the lateral faces of the core.
  • a circular inclined surface for example between 0 ° and 70 °, preferably between 5 ° and 65 °, connecting the upper end of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance to the lateral faces of the core.
  • Such inclined surface makes it easier to manufacture the block, in particular by molding, and also makes it possible to obtain a more robust block.
  • the perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protrusion may decrease near the lower surface of the block 1.
  • the height of the circular protuberance can represent between 25 and 85%, preferably between 40 and 70% of the total height of the block.
  • the width, in particular the minimum width, of the upper part of the central core may represent between 40 and 95%, preferably between 50 and 75% of the total width of the block 1.
  • the circular protrusion may have vertical grooves on its side faces.
  • the protection block may comprise at least one vertical through recess. It may also include at least one horizontal recess passing through. Such recesses facilitate the circulation of water within the shell, especially its flow towards the sea or the ocean.
  • the blocks form a partial tiling covering between 60% and 90%, preferably between 70% and 85%, of the surface on which the blocks are laid.
  • block 1 for example concrete, comprises a central core 2 with a lower portion 3 and an upper portion 4, and a circular protuberance 5 disposed around the lower portion 3 of the central core 2.
  • the central core 2 has a lower base 6 (shown in dotted lines), an upper base 7 and side faces 8.
  • the core 2 has two square bases 6, 7, forming the two main surfaces, preferably flat, which are connected by four lateral faces 8.
  • the lateral faces 8 are free on their upper part and covered by the circular protrusion 5 in their lower part.
  • the square bases that is to say the bases 6 and 7, are identical and parallel. It is further considered that the side faces 8 are perpendicular to said bases 6, 7.
  • the central core 2 of the block 1 is a straight prism with a square base.
  • the circular protuberance 5 has an octagonal lateral contour.
  • the circular protuberance 5 comprises eight lateral faces 9.
  • the octagonal contour of the circular protuberance 5 may be regular, that is to say have eight equal lateral faces 9, or irregular as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 in the latter case, the side faces 9 of the octagonal contour are identical in pairs. More particularly, the successive lateral faces of the circular protuberance 5 may have areas successively equal to two different values.
  • Such an octagonal contour can in particular be obtained by chamfering the vertices of a square initial contour: the lateral faces issuing from the sides of the square have the same area which is greater than that of the lateral faces formed by the chamfers. The lateral faces of the circular protuberance 5 then have surfaces equal in pairs.
  • the circular protuberance 5 may also comprise a circular surface 10 connecting the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 to the lateral faces 8 of the upper part 4 of the central core 2.
  • the circular surface 10 may thus comprise several faces 11 having angles with the horizontal between 0 ° (in this case, the circular surface 10 corresponds to a shoulder) and 70 °, for example between 5 ° and 65 °.
  • the circular surface 10 comprises eight faces 11, each face 11 connecting a lateral face 9 of the circular protuberance 5 to the upper part 4 of the central core 2.
  • the lower part of the circular protuberance 5 forms with the lower base 6 of the central core 2 a lower surface 12, preferably flat, of the block 1
  • the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 may be perpendicular to the bases 6, 7 of the central core 2.
  • the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 may have, close to the lower surface 12 of the block 1, a tilt inward of the block, to facilitate the circulation of water between the blocks.
  • the perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance 5 can decrease near the lower surface 12 of the block 1.
  • the height of the circular protuberance 5 represents 65% of the total height of the block 1, of which 50% for the lateral faces 9.
  • the width, in particular the minimum width, of the upper part 4 of the central core 2 represents 60% of the total width of the block 1.
  • Each chamfer forming a side face 9, corresponds to the withdrawal of 20% of the total width of the block 1.
  • the figure 2 represents a shell 13 of a protective structure.
  • the carapace 13 comprises several blocks 1 (thirteen of which are represented on the figure 2 ).
  • the blocks 1 are arranged in abutment against each other.
  • the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 corresponding to chamfers are disposed in abutment against the side faces 9 of the adjacent blocks. It is thus possible to easily arrange the different blocks 1 of the shell, so as to obtain the desired spacing between the different blocks.
  • the figure 3 represents a second embodiment of a protection block 1.
  • the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.
  • the circular surface 10 comprises only four faces 11, the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 formed by chamfers having a height greater than that of the other lateral faces.
  • the figure 4 represents a third embodiment of a protection block 1.
  • the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.
  • the central core 2 comprises a lower base and an upper base 7 regular octagonal.
  • the upper part 4 of the central core 2 thus comprises eight identical lateral faces 8.
  • the circular protuberance 5 also has a regular octagonal lateral contour, so that the upper part 4 is a homothety of the circular protuberance 5.
  • the inclined surface 10 also comprises eight identical faces 11.
  • the adjacent blocks 1 abut on the lateral faces 9.
  • the eight lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 being identical, the blocks can be arranged more easily, with less orientation constraints.
  • the figure 5 represents a fourth embodiment of a protection block 1.
  • the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.
  • block 1 has a circular protuberance 5 with a square lateral contour.
  • the circular protuberance 5 thus has four identical lateral faces 9, and the vertices of the lateral faces are not chamfered.
  • the circular protuberance 5 comprises notches 14.
  • the notches 14 are present in the middle of the side faces 9.
  • the notches 14 cooperate with the vertices of the circular protuberance of the adjacent blocks and to provide openings between the circular protuberances of adjacent blocks.
  • the notches 14 show a fraction of the lower part of the central core 2.
  • the perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance 5 may decrease near the lower surface 12 of the block 1.
  • the circular protrusion may have vertical grooves on its side faces.
  • the protective block 1 may also comprise at least one vertical through recess and / or at least one horizontal recess through, to facilitate the flow of water into the shell.
  • the protective structure comprising such a shell may also comprise, in a conventional manner, a filter layer, underlying the shell, and a core supporting the filter layer and the shell and giving the assembly its overall shape. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une carapace de structure de protection d'ouvrages maritimes et/ou fluviaux contre les vagues et les courants comprenant une pluralité de blocs artificiels.The present invention relates to a protective structure shell of maritime and / or river structures against waves and currents comprising a plurality of artificial blocks.

Parmi l'ensemble des différentes parties composant une structure de protection d'ouvrages maritimes et/ou fluviaux, la carapace représente l'élément clé pour la stabilité de la structure, et constitue l'élément de protection principale de la structure vis-à-vis de l'agression des houles. La carapace se compose soit d'enrochements naturels, soit de blocs artificiels, en général en béton.Among all the different parts of a protective structure of maritime and / or river structures, the carapace represents the key element for the stability of the structure, and constitutes the main protection element of the structure vis-à- vis-à-vis the aggression of swells. The carapace consists of either natural riprap or artificial blocks, usually concrete.

Le développement des blocs artificiels performants a fait l'objet de multiples travaux. Il s'agissait principalement de proposer des formes optimisées conduisant à une grande robustesse, ainsi qu'à une grande stabilité hydraulique autorisant par là de faibles consommations de béton, et donc des économies substantielles. Cependant, il est généralement reconnu que la robustesse joue au détriment de la stabilité, et inversement.The development of powerful artificial blocks has been the subject of many works. It was mainly to propose optimized forms leading to a high robustness, as well as a high hydraulic stability thus allowing low consumption of concrete, and thus substantial savings. However, it is generally recognized that robustness plays to the detriment of stability, and vice versa.

La stabilité dépend de la faculté des blocs, non seulement à s'accrocher aux talus sous-jacents des ouvrages à protéger, mais aussi et surtout à s'assembler entre eux grâce à leur forme particulière en constituant une carapace de protection qui laisse des espaces vides suffisants pour absorber l'énergie hydraulique à laquelle l'ouvrage est soumis.Stability depends on the ability of the blocks, not only to cling to the underlying slopes of the works to protect, but also and especially to assemble them through their particular shape by constituting a protective shell that leaves spaces empty enough to absorb the hydraulic energy to which the work is subjected.

La robustesse représente l'aptitude de la forme des blocs à une bonne tenue mécanique aux chocs, aux contraintes et à l'érosion. De cette forme dépendent aussi les propriétés d'imbrication des blocs entre eux et l'indice de vide de la carapace. Cet indice doit être suffisamment élevé d'une part pour disperser l'énergie des vagues et d'autre part pour réduire l'action des sous-pressions.Robustness represents the ability of the shape of the blocks to good mechanical resistance to shocks, stresses and erosion. This form also depends on the interlocking properties of the blocks between them and the vacuum index of the carapace. This index must be high enough on the one hand to disperse the wave energy and on the other hand to reduce the action of underpressure.

En particulier, avec le temps et les efforts dus à la houle ou au courant, la carapace peut se tasser, tandis que les blocs peuvent être amenés à osciller entre deux positions, ce qui accélère la dégradation de la carapace.In particular, with the time and effort due to the swell or the current, the carapace can pack, while the blocks can be caused to oscillate between two positions, which accelerates the degradation of the carapace.

Les blocs présentant une forme élancée permettent d'obtenir une stabilité individuelle des éléments et une résistance aux franchissements élevées. Cependant, de tels blocs présentent une résistance structurelle faible pouvant conduire à une dégradation rapide de la carapace.The blocks having a slender shape provide individual stability of the elements and resistance to high crossings. However, such blocks have a low structural resistance that can lead to rapid degradation of the shell.

Les blocs présentant une forme moins élancée, c'est-à-dire plus massive, avec des protubérances destinées à augmenter l'imbrication des éléments adjacents, présentent généralement des performances hydrauliques élevées. Cependant, pour garantir la stabilité de la structure, la pose de tels blocs doit respecter, le plus souvent, des règles contraignantes d'arrangement, ce qui rend la réalisation de la carapace longue et délicate. Il résulte notamment, de cette difficulté, une relative variabilité de la performance de ces blocs.Blocks having a slender shape, that is to say more massive, with protuberances intended to increase the imbrication of adjacent elements, generally have high hydraulic performance. However, to ensure the stability of the structure, the laying of such blocks must respect, in most cases, binding rules of arrangement, which makes the realization of the carapace long and delicate. It results, in particular, from this difficulty, a relative variability of the performance of these blocks.

Il est également connu d'utiliser des blocs présentant un noyau de forme carrée, avec des protubérances en pointe à chaque angle, et une protubérance sur chaque face du carré. Toutefois, ces protubérances représentent des parties fragiles susceptibles d'être endommagées, notamment en raison du fait qu'elles constituent des points de contact ou d'appui entre des blocs adjacents.It is also known to use blocks having a square-shaped core, with pointed protuberances at each corner, and a protuberance on each face of the square. However, these protuberances represent fragile parts that may be damaged, in particular because they constitute points of contact or support between adjacent blocks.

Le document WO 2007/011208 décrit une carapace de structure de protection contre les vagues. La carapace comprend des éléments de protection contre les vagues comprenant un corps de base carré duquel s'étendent deux nez et plusieurs excroissances. Les excroissances s'étendent dans un même plan, les nez s'étendant selon la direction perpendiculaire à ce plan et en sens opposé l'un par rapport à l'autre.The document WO 2007/011208 describes a protective shell of the wave protection structure. The carapace includes wave protection elements comprising a square base body of which two nose and several protuberances extend. The growths extend in the same plane, the noses extending in the direction perpendicular to this plane and in the opposite direction with respect to each other.

Un but de l'invention est d'améliorer la performance d'une structure de protection, notamment en termes de dissipation de l'énergie de la houle, grâce à des blocs présentant une résistance structurelle élevée et pouvant être disposés suivant un arrangement aisé à réaliser et présentant une porosité homogène.An object of the invention is to improve the performance of a protective structure, especially in terms of dissipation of the wave energy, thanks to blocks having a high structural strength and which can be arranged in an easy arrangement. achieve and having a homogeneous porosity.

A cet effet, selon un premier aspect, il est proposé une carapace de structure de protection d'ouvrages maritimes et/ou fluviaux comprenant une pluralité de blocs de protection. Chaque bloc de protection comprend un noyau central présentant une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure. Le noyau central est entouré, dans sa partie inférieure, par une protubérance circulaire comprenant des faces latérales et apte à venir, par au moins une des faces latérales, en butée avec au moins une des faces latérales d'une protubérance circulaire d'un bloc adjacent.For this purpose, according to a first aspect, it is proposed a protective structure shell of maritime structures and / or fluvial comprising a plurality of protective blocks. Each protection block comprises a central core having an upper portion and a lower portion. The central core is surrounded, in its lower part, by a circular protuberance comprising lateral faces and adapted to come, by at least one of the lateral faces, in abutment with at least one of the lateral faces of a circular protuberance of an adjacent block.

La présence de la protubérance circulaire permet un arrangement aisé des blocs entre eux, notamment en permettant d'introduire une distance minimale entre les noyaux centraux de deux blocs adjacents, et permet de pouvoir réaliser aisément un pavage partiel de la surface sous-jacente du talus permettant à la fois de protéger celui-ci et de favoriser l'écoulement de l'eau au-dessus. Par ailleurs, la partie supérieure du noyau central permet d'absorber une partie de l'énergie de la houle en favorisant la dispersion de l'eau quand la houle frappe le bloc. La partie supérieure du noyau central joue ainsi le rôle d'élément de dissipation et l'ensemble des parties supérieures des différents blocs confère à la carapace une enveloppe rugueuse permettant de limiter l'amplitude des mouvements de la houle sur la carapace, grâce notamment aux espaces créés autour des parties supérieures des noyaux par les protubérances circulaires. Avec un plan de pose rangée ou aléatoire, on obtient aisément une répartition uniforme des blocs, des parties supérieures des blocs, et une porosité homogène de la carapace. De plus, la forme des protubérances circulaires permet des arrangements présentant des ouvertures régulièrement disposées entre blocs adjacents, ce qui favorise les écoulements transversaux propices à la stabilité des blocs.The presence of the circular protuberance allows easy arrangement of the blocks together, in particular by introducing a minimum distance between the central cores of two adjacent blocks, and makes it possible to easily achieve a partial tiling of the underlying surface of the slope. allowing both to protect it and to promote the flow of water above. In addition, the upper part of the central core absorbs some of the wave energy by promoting the dispersion of water when the swell strikes the block. The upper part of the central core thus plays the role of dissipation element and all the upper parts of the different blocks gives the shell a rough envelope to limit the amplitude of the movements of the swell on the shell, thanks in particular to spaces created around the upper parts of the nuclei by the circular protuberances. With a row or random laying plan, it is easy to obtain a uniform distribution of the blocks, the upper parts of the blocks, and a homogeneous porosity of the shell. In addition, the shape of the circular protuberances allows arrangements having openings regularly disposed between adjacent blocks, which promotes transverse flows conducive to the stability of the blocks.

Préférentiellement, la protubérance circulaire est apte à permettre un pavage partiel d'une surface avec des blocs de protection adjacents en contact entre eux par au moins une des surfaces adjacentes de la protubérance circulaire. Le pavage partiel peut varier entre 60% et 90% de la surface sur laquelle sont posés les blocs, de préférence entre 70% et 85%.Preferably, the circular protuberance is adapted to allow partial tiling of a surface with adjacent protective blocks in contact with each other by at least one of the adjacent surfaces of the circular protuberance. The partial paving can vary between 60% and 90% of the surface on which the blocks are laid, preferably between 70% and 85%.

Le noyau central peut comporter une base inférieure et une base supérieure, de préférence planes, la base inférieure et la base supérieure étant carrées ou octogonales et reliées par des faces latérales. La protubérance circulaire peut être disposée autour de la partie inférieure des faces latérales du noyau, à partir de la base inférieure du noyau central.The central core may comprise a lower base and an upper base, preferably flat, the lower base and the upper base being square or octagonal and connected by side faces. The circular protuberance may be arranged around the lower part of the lateral faces of the core, from the lower base of the central core.

Préférentiellement, le noyau est un prisme droit à base carrée ou octogonale.Preferably, the core is a square or octagonal right prism.

La protubérance circulaire peut comprendre un contour latéral octogonal. La protubérance circulaire peut comprendre un contour latéral carré présentant une encoche sur au moins un de côtés, l'encoche étant apte à coopérer avec un sommet du contour latéral carré d'une protubérance d'un bloc adjacent. Ainsi, dans le cas d'un contour latéral octogonal, les blocs adjacents sont en contact les uns avec les autres par au moins l'une des faces latérales de la protubérance. Dans le cas d'un contour latéral carré, les blocs adjacents sont en contact via les sommets du contour et les encoches des côtés du contour. Dans les deux cas, les surfaces de contact permettent une meilleure stabilité des blocs entre eux, et la géométrie de la protubérance circulaire permet un positionnement aisé des blocs entre eux.The circular protrusion may include an octagonal lateral contour. The circular protuberance may comprise a square lateral contour having a notch on at least one side, the notch being adapted to cooperate with a vertex of the square lateral contour of a protuberance of an adjacent block. Thus, in the case of an octagonal lateral contour, the adjacent blocks are in contact with each other by at least one of the lateral faces of the protuberance. In the case of a square lateral contour, the adjacent blocks are in contact via the vertices of the contour and the notches of the sides of the contour. In both cases, the contact surfaces allow a better stability of the blocks together, and the geometry of the circular protrusion allows easy positioning of the blocks together.

Le contour latéral octogonal peut correspondre à un contour latéral carré dans lequel les sommets sont chanfreinés. Dans ce cas, le contour latéral n'est pas un octogone régulier : une face latérale sur deux présente une superficie plus petite.The octagonal lateral contour may correspond to a square lateral contour in which the vertices are chamfered. In this case, the lateral contour is not a regular octagon: one lateral face on two has a smaller surface area.

Selon l'invention, la protubérance circulaire forme, avec la base inférieure du noyau, une surface inférieure du bloc plane. Ladite surface inférieure du bloc est celle sur laquelle le bloc repose sur le talus sous-jacent.According to the invention, the circular protuberance forms, with the lower base of the core, a lower surface of the planar block. Said lower surface of the block is that on which the block rests on the underlying slope.

Préférentiellement, la protubérance circulaire comprend également une surface circulaire inclinée, par exemple entre 0° et 70°, de préférence entre 5° et 65°, reliant l'extrémité supérieure du contour latéral de la protubérance circulaire aux faces latérales du noyau. Une telle surface inclinée permet de faciliter la fabrication du bloc, notamment par moulage, et permet également d'obtenir un bloc plus robuste.Preferably, the circular protuberance also comprises a circular inclined surface, for example between 0 ° and 70 °, preferably between 5 ° and 65 °, connecting the upper end of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance to the lateral faces of the core. Such inclined surface makes it easier to manufacture the block, in particular by molding, and also makes it possible to obtain a more robust block.

Le périmètre du contour latéral de la protubérance circulaire peut diminuer à proximité de la surface inférieure du bloc 1.The perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protrusion may decrease near the lower surface of the block 1.

La hauteur de la protubérance circulaire peut représenter entre 25 et 85%, de préférence entre 40 et 70% de la hauteur totale du bloc. La largeur, notamment minimale, de la partie supérieure du noyau central peut représenter entre 40 et 95%, de préférence entre 50 et 75% de la largeur totale du bloc 1.The height of the circular protuberance can represent between 25 and 85%, preferably between 40 and 70% of the total height of the block. The width, in particular the minimum width, of the upper part of the central core may represent between 40 and 95%, preferably between 50 and 75% of the total width of the block 1.

La protubérance circulaire peut présenter des rainures verticales sur ses faces latérales.The circular protrusion may have vertical grooves on its side faces.

Le bloc de protection peut comprendre au moins un évidement vertical traversant. Il peut également comprendre au moins un évidement horizontal traversant. De tels évidements permettent de faciliter la circulation de l'eau au sein de la carapace, notamment son écoulement vers la mer ou l'océan.The protection block may comprise at least one vertical through recess. It may also include at least one horizontal recess passing through. Such recesses facilitate the circulation of water within the shell, especially its flow towards the sea or the ocean.

Préférentiellement, les blocs forment un pavage partiel recouvrant entre 60% et 90%, de préférence entre 70% et 85%, de la surface sur laquelle sont posés les blocs.Preferably, the blocks form a partial tiling covering between 60% and 90%, preferably between 70% and 85%, of the surface on which the blocks are laid.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de quatre modes de réalisation particuliers, pris à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en trois dimensions d'un bloc utilisé dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de haut d'une carapace formée par des blocs selon le premier mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en trois dimensions d'un bloc utilisé dans un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en trois dimensions d'un bloc utilisé dans un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue en trois dimensions d'un bloc utilisé dans un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood from the study of four particular embodiments, taken as non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a block used in a first embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a top view of a shell formed by blocks according to the first embodiment;
  • the figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of a block used in a second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of a block used in a third embodiment of the invention; and
  • the figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of a block used in a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un bloc 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le bloc 1, par exemple en béton, comprend un noyau central 2 avec une partie inférieure 3 et une partie supérieure 4, et une protubérance circulaire 5 disposée autour de la partie inférieure 3 du noyau central 2.On the figure 1 , there is shown a block 1 according to a first embodiment. In this embodiment, block 1, for example concrete, comprises a central core 2 with a lower portion 3 and an upper portion 4, and a circular protuberance 5 disposed around the lower portion 3 of the central core 2.

Le noyau central 2 présente une base inférieure 6 (représentée en pointillés), une base supérieure 7 et des faces latérales 8.The central core 2 has a lower base 6 (shown in dotted lines), an upper base 7 and side faces 8.

Plus précisément, le noyau 2 présente deux bases carrées 6, 7, formant les deux surfaces principales, de préférence planes, qui sont reliées par quatre faces latérales 8. Les faces latérales 8 sont libres sur leur partie supérieure et recouvertes par la protubérance circulaire 5 dans leur partie inférieure.More specifically, the core 2 has two square bases 6, 7, forming the two main surfaces, preferably flat, which are connected by four lateral faces 8. The lateral faces 8 are free on their upper part and covered by the circular protrusion 5 in their lower part.

Dans le cas présent, on considère que les bases carrées, c'est-à-dire les bases 6 et 7, sont identiques et parallèles. On considère par ailleurs, que les faces latérales 8 sont perpendiculaires auxdites bases 6, 7. Ainsi, le noyau central 2 du bloc 1 est un prisme droit à base carrée.In the present case, it is considered that the square bases, that is to say the bases 6 and 7, are identical and parallel. It is further considered that the side faces 8 are perpendicular to said bases 6, 7. Thus, the central core 2 of the block 1 is a straight prism with a square base.

La protubérance circulaire 5 présente un contour latéral octogonal. En particulier, la protubérance circulaire 5 comprend huit faces latérales 9. Le contour octogonal de la protubérance circulaire 5 peut être régulier, c'est-à-dire présenter huit faces latérales 9 égales, ou irrégulier comme illustré sur la figure 1 : dans ce dernier cas, les faces latérales 9 du contour octogonal sont identiques deux à deux. Plus particulièrement, les faces latérales successives de la protubérance circulaire 5 peuvent présenter des superficies successivement égales à deux valeurs différentes. Un tel contour octogonal peut notamment être obtenu en chanfreinant les sommets d'un contour initial carré : les faces latérales issues des côtés du carré présentent une même superficie qui est supérieure à celle des faces latérales formées par les chanfreins. Les faces latérales de la protubérance circulaire 5 présentent alors des surfaces égales deux à deux.The circular protuberance 5 has an octagonal lateral contour. In particular, the circular protuberance 5 comprises eight lateral faces 9. The octagonal contour of the circular protuberance 5 may be regular, that is to say have eight equal lateral faces 9, or irregular as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 in the latter case, the side faces 9 of the octagonal contour are identical in pairs. More particularly, the successive lateral faces of the circular protuberance 5 may have areas successively equal to two different values. Such an octagonal contour can in particular be obtained by chamfering the vertices of a square initial contour: the lateral faces issuing from the sides of the square have the same area which is greater than that of the lateral faces formed by the chamfers. The lateral faces of the circular protuberance 5 then have surfaces equal in pairs.

La protubérance circulaire 5 peut également comprendre une surface circulaire 10 reliant les faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 aux faces latérales 8 de la partie supérieure 4 du noyau central 2. La surface circulaire 10 peut ainsi comprendre plusieurs faces 11 présentant des angles avec l'horizontale compris entre 0° (dans ce cas, la surface circulaire 10 correspond à un épaulement) et 70°, par exemple entre 5° et 65°.The circular protuberance 5 may also comprise a circular surface 10 connecting the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 to the lateral faces 8 of the upper part 4 of the central core 2. The circular surface 10 may thus comprise several faces 11 having angles with the horizontal between 0 ° (in this case, the circular surface 10 corresponds to a shoulder) and 70 °, for example between 5 ° and 65 °.

Sur la figure 1, la surface circulaire 10 comprend huit faces 11, chaque face 11 reliant une face latérale 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 à la partie supérieure 4 du noyau central 2.On the figure 1 the circular surface 10 comprises eight faces 11, each face 11 connecting a lateral face 9 of the circular protuberance 5 to the upper part 4 of the central core 2.

La partie inférieure de la protubérance circulaire 5 forme avec la base inférieure 6 du noyau central 2 une surface inférieure 12, de préférence plane, du bloc 1The lower part of the circular protuberance 5 forms with the lower base 6 of the central core 2 a lower surface 12, preferably flat, of the block 1

Avantageusement, les faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 peuvent être perpendiculaires aux bases 6, 7 du noyau central 2. Alternativement, les faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 peuvent présenter, à proximité de la surface inférieure 12 du bloc 1, une inclinaison vers l'intérieur du bloc, afin de faciliter la circulation de l'eau entre les blocs. Autrement dit, le périmètre du contour latéral de la protubérance circulaire 5 peut diminuer à proximité de la surface inférieure 12 du bloc 1.Advantageously, the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 may be perpendicular to the bases 6, 7 of the central core 2. Alternatively, the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 may have, close to the lower surface 12 of the block 1, a tilt inward of the block, to facilitate the circulation of water between the blocks. In other words, the perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance 5 can decrease near the lower surface 12 of the block 1.

La hauteur de la protubérance circulaire 5 représente 65% de la hauteur totale du bloc 1, dont 50% pour les faces latérales 9. La largeur, notamment minimale, de la partie supérieure 4 du noyau central 2 représente 60% de la largeur totale du bloc 1. Chaque chanfrein formant une face latérale 9, correspond au retrait de 20% de la largeur totale du bloc 1.The height of the circular protuberance 5 represents 65% of the total height of the block 1, of which 50% for the lateral faces 9. The width, in particular the minimum width, of the upper part 4 of the central core 2 represents 60% of the total width of the block 1. Each chamfer forming a side face 9, corresponds to the withdrawal of 20% of the total width of the block 1.

La figure 2 représente une carapace 13 d'une structure de protection. La carapace 13 comprend plusieurs blocs 1 (dont treize sont représentés sur la figure 2). Les blocs 1 sont disposés en butée les uns contre les autres. En particulier, les faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 correspondant à des chanfreins sont disposées en butée contre les faces latérales 9 des blocs adjacents. Il est ainsi possible de disposer facilement les différents blocs 1 de la carapace, de manière à obtenir l'écartement voulu entre les différents blocs.The figure 2 represents a shell 13 of a protective structure. The carapace 13 comprises several blocks 1 (thirteen of which are represented on the figure 2 ). The blocks 1 are arranged in abutment against each other. In particular, the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 corresponding to chamfers are disposed in abutment against the side faces 9 of the adjacent blocks. It is thus possible to easily arrange the different blocks 1 of the shell, so as to obtain the desired spacing between the different blocks.

La figure 3 représente un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un bloc de protection 1. Sur la figure 3, les références identiques à celles du premier mode de réalisation désignent les mêmes éléments.The figure 3 represents a second embodiment of a protection block 1. On the figure 3 , the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.

Sur la figure 3, la surface circulaire 10 comprend uniquement quatre faces 11, les faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 formées par des chanfreins présentant une hauteur supérieure à celle des autres faces latérales.On the figure 3 , the circular surface 10 comprises only four faces 11, the lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 formed by chamfers having a height greater than that of the other lateral faces.

La figure 4 représente un troisième mode de réalisation d'un bloc de protection 1. Sur la figure 4, les références identiques à celles du premier mode de réalisation désignent les mêmes éléments.The figure 4 represents a third embodiment of a protection block 1. On the figure 4 , the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.

Sur la figure 4, le noyau central 2 comprend une base inférieure et une base supérieure 7 octogonales régulières. La partie supérieure 4 du noyau central 2 comprend donc huit faces latérales 8 identiques. Par ailleurs, la protubérance circulaire 5 présente également un contour latéral octogonal régulier, de sorte que la partie supérieure 4 est une homothétie de la protubérance circulaire 5. La surface inclinée 10 comprend également huit faces 11 identiques.On the figure 4 the central core 2 comprises a lower base and an upper base 7 regular octagonal. The upper part 4 of the central core 2 thus comprises eight identical lateral faces 8. Furthermore, the circular protuberance 5 also has a regular octagonal lateral contour, so that the upper part 4 is a homothety of the circular protuberance 5. The inclined surface 10 also comprises eight identical faces 11.

Selon ce troisième mode de réalisation, les blocs 1 adjacents viennent en butée sur les faces latérales 9. Les huit faces latérales 9 de la protubérance circulaire 5 étant identiques, les blocs peuvent être disposés plus facilement, avec moins de contraintes d'orientation.According to this third embodiment, the adjacent blocks 1 abut on the lateral faces 9. The eight lateral faces 9 of the circular protuberance 5 being identical, the blocks can be arranged more easily, with less orientation constraints.

La figure 5 représente un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un bloc de protection 1. Sur la figure 5, les références identiques à celles du premier mode de réalisation désignent les mêmes éléments.The figure 5 represents a fourth embodiment of a protection block 1. On the figure 5 , the references identical to those of the first embodiment designate the same elements.

Sur la figure 5, le bloc 1 présente une protubérance circulaire 5 avec un contour latéral carré. La protubérance circulaire 5 présente ainsi quatre faces latérales 9 identiques, et les sommets des faces latérales ne sont pas chanfreinés. Cependant, afin de faciliter la disposition des blocs entre eux, la protubérance circulaire 5 comprend des encoches 14. Les encoches 14 sont présentes au milieu des faces latérales 9. Les encoches 14 permettent de coopérer avec les sommets de la protubérance circulaire des blocs adjacents et de ménager des ouvertures entre les protubérances circulaires de blocs adjacents. Dans le cas représenté sur la figure 5, les encoches 14 laissent apparaitre une fraction de la partie inférieure du noyau central 2.On the figure 5 block 1 has a circular protuberance 5 with a square lateral contour. The circular protuberance 5 thus has four identical lateral faces 9, and the vertices of the lateral faces are not chamfered. However, in order to facilitate the arrangement of the blocks together, the circular protuberance 5 comprises notches 14. The notches 14 are present in the middle of the side faces 9. The notches 14 cooperate with the vertices of the circular protuberance of the adjacent blocks and to provide openings between the circular protuberances of adjacent blocks. In the case represented on the figure 5 the notches 14 show a fraction of the lower part of the central core 2.

Pour chaque mode de réalisation décrit précédemment, le périmètre du contour latéral de la protubérance circulaire 5 peut diminuer à proximité de la surface inférieure 12 du bloc 1.For each embodiment described above, the perimeter of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance 5 may decrease near the lower surface 12 of the block 1.

La protubérance circulaire peut présenter des rainures verticales sur ses faces latérales. Par ailleurs, le bloc de protection 1 peut également comprendre au moins un évidement vertical traversant et/ou au moins un évidement horizontal traversant, afin de faciliter l'écoulement de l'eau dans la carapace.The circular protrusion may have vertical grooves on its side faces. Furthermore, the protective block 1 may also comprise at least one vertical through recess and / or at least one horizontal recess through, to facilitate the flow of water into the shell.

La structure de protection comprenant une telle carapace peut également comprendre, de manière classique, une couche de filtre, sous-jacente à la carapace, ainsi qu'un noyau supportant la couche de filtre et la carapace et donnant à l'ensemble sa forme générale.The protective structure comprising such a shell may also comprise, in a conventional manner, a filter layer, underlying the shell, and a core supporting the filter layer and the shell and giving the assembly its overall shape. .

Claims (8)

  1. Armor layer of a protective structure for sea and/or river construction work comprising several protective blocks (1), each block having a central core (2) with an upper portion (4) and a lower portion (3), the lower portion (3) of the central core (2) being surrounded by a circular protuberance (5) with lateral faces (9) and the central core (2), via at least one of the lateral faces (9), being able to butt against at least one of the lateral faces of a circular protuberance of an adjacent block, in which the circular protuberance (5) of each block forms, with the lower base (6) of the core, a lower surface (12) of the block (1), said lower surface (12) being flat.
  2. Armor layer according to Claim 1, in which the circular protuberance (5) of each block can provide partial paving of a surface with adjacent protective blocks (1) in contact with one another via at least one of the adjacent faces of the circular protuberance (5) .
  3. Armor layer according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the central core (2) of each block has a lower base (6) and an upper base (7), that are preferably flat, the lower base (6) and the upper base (7) being square or octagonal and joined by the lateral faces (8), and in which the circular protuberance (5) is arranged about the lower portion of the lateral faces (8) of the central core (2), from the lower base (6) of the central core (2) .
  4. Armor layer according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the central core (2) of each block is a square- or octagonal-based right prism.
  5. Armor layer according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the circular protuberance (5) of each block includes an octagonal lateral contour or a square lateral contour having a notch (14) on at least one of the sides of same, the notch (14) being able to cooperate with a vertex of the square lateral contour of a circular protuberance of an adjacent block.
  6. Armor layer according to Claim 5, in which the octagonal lateral contour of the circular protuberance of each block corresponds to a square lateral contour in which the vertexes are chamfered.
  7. Armor layer according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the circular protuberance (5) of each block also has an inclined circular surface (10) joining the upper extremity of the lateral contour of the circular protuberance (5) to the lateral faces (8) of the central core (2).
  8. Armor layer according to one of the preceding claims, in which the blocks (1) form partial paving covering between 60% and 90% of the surface on which the blocks are laid.
EP14709700.0A 2013-03-15 2014-03-13 Structure for protecting sea and/or river construction work, and protective block used Not-in-force EP2971367B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1352331A FR3003278B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2013-03-15 BLOCK FOR PROTECTING MARITIME AND / OR RIVER WORKS, AND STRUCTURE FOR PROTECTING MARITIME AND / OR RIVER WORKS COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SUCH BLOCKS
PCT/EP2014/054996 WO2014140200A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-13 Structure for protecting sea and/or river construction work, and protective block used

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2971367A1 EP2971367A1 (en) 2016-01-20
EP2971367B1 true EP2971367B1 (en) 2018-10-24

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EP14709700.0A Not-in-force EP2971367B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-13 Structure for protecting sea and/or river construction work, and protective block used

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US (1) US20160122963A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2971367B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2906625A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3003278B1 (en)
MA (1) MA38474A1 (en)
TN (1) TN2015000422A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014140200A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3875690A4 (en) * 2018-10-30 2022-11-09 Jung Woo Lee Easily-expandable wave-dissipating block having artificial fish reef function
WO2024098236A1 (en) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-16 中国港湾工程有限责任公司 Concrete block for armor layer, and construction placement method

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IT972124B (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-05-20 Dodino C FLOORING SYSTEM AUTOCOSTI PANTE MADE OF TWO ORDERS MADE OF TRUNK BLOCKS OF PYRAMI DE
US5441362A (en) * 1993-09-30 1995-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Concrete armor unit for protecting coastal and hydraulic structures and shorelines
KR100335334B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-11-27 한국해양연구원 Optimized middle armor concrete block
ES2264906B1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2008-01-01 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia ELEMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF TABLETS.
NL1029538C2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-16 Konink Bam Groep Nv Wave protection structure, method for manufacturing a toe element for a wave protection structure, and method for manufacturing a wave protection structure.
EP2118381A4 (en) * 2007-01-31 2016-12-07 Us Government Armor unit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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FR3003278A1 (en) 2014-09-19
CA2906625A1 (en) 2014-09-18
TN2015000422A1 (en) 2017-01-03
WO2014140200A1 (en) 2014-09-18
FR3003278B1 (en) 2017-12-08
EP2971367A1 (en) 2016-01-20
US20160122963A1 (en) 2016-05-05
MA38474A1 (en) 2016-04-29

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