CH382313A - Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes - Google Patents

Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes

Info

Publication number
CH382313A
CH382313A CH412760A CH412760A CH382313A CH 382313 A CH382313 A CH 382313A CH 412760 A CH412760 A CH 412760A CH 412760 A CH412760 A CH 412760A CH 382313 A CH382313 A CH 382313A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
voltage
frequency
arrangement
direct current
surgical device
Prior art date
Application number
CH412760A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hudek Karl
Original Assignee
Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag filed Critical Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Publication of CH382313A publication Critical patent/CH382313A/de

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/16Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Description


  
 



  Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes. Bekannte derartige Anordnungen arbeiten in der Weise, dass bei Berührung des Operationsobjektes mit der (aktiven) Operationselektrode über das Objekt ein Hilfsstromkreis geschlossen und damit das Steuerpotential einer Verstärkerröhre beeinflusst wird, die wiederum ein Relais zur Einschaltung des Hochfrequenzgenerators steuert.



  Bei den bekannten Einrichtungen ist der Hilfsstromkreis relativ niederohmig ausgelegt. Auf diese Weise kann jedoch ein für den Patienten unangenehmer Reizstrom entstehen.



   Es ist bekannt, dass beim Schneidvorgang durch Funkenbildung an der Berührungsstelle zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem Patienten ein Gleichrichtereffekt auftritt. Bei geschlossenem Gleichstromkreis könnte die dadurch auftretende Gleichspannung zu faradischen Reizungen Anlass geben. Um einen solchen Gleichstromweg über den Ausgangskreis des Gerätes zu vermeiden, ist der Hochfrequenz-Stromkreis bei allen Chirurgiegeräten durch einen Kondensator gleichstrommässig unterbrochen. Neu ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Erkenntnis, dass die genannte Gleichspannung bei handelsüblichen Geräten 150 Volt und mehr betragen kann. Ist der Hilfsstromkreis der Schaltautomatik niederohmig ausgelegt, so kann diese Spannung einen relativ starken Reizstrom zur Folge haben, der dem Patienten unerwünschte Reizungen (Muskelzuckungen) verursacht.



   Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils wird erfindungsgemäss vorgeschlagen, den Hilfskreis so auszulegen, dass der zwischen aktive und neutrale Elektrode geschaltete Gleichstromwiderstand mindestens 100 kQ beträgt, vorzugsweise aber im Bereich mehrerer   Mo    liegt. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass der genannte Gleichstromwiderstand, wie bei einer bekannten Anordnung, durch die bei positivem Gitterpotential niederohmige Gitter-Kathoden-Strecke einer Schaltröhre wesentlich mitbestimmt sein kann. Die Erfindung nimmt bewusst den höheren schaltungstechnischen Aufwand in Kauf, den ein hochohmiger Steuerkreis erfordert, um die für den Patienten unangenehmen Folgeerscheinungen der selbsttätigen Einschalteinrichtung zu vermeiden.



   An Hand der beigefügten Figuren sollen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung nachfolgend erläutert werden.



   Gemäss Fig. 1 ist der Ausgang eines lediglich durch ein Schaltungssymbol angedeuteten Hochfrequenzgenerators 1 einseitig geerdet und kann mit seinem zweiten Pol über einen Schalter 2 mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 des   Hochfrequenzchirurgieapparates    verbunden werden. Die dem Behandlungsobjekt 4 anliegende neutrale Elektrode 5 ist ebenfalls geerdet. Ein Kondensator 6 dient zur gleichstrommässigen Unterbrechung des Behandlungsstromkreises.



   Zwischen aktiver Elektrode 3 und neutraler Elektrode 5 ist über eine Hochfrequenz-Sperrdrossel 7, eine Hilfsspannungsquelle 8 und zwei hochohmige Widerstände 9, 10 ein Gleichspannungsweg geschaffen, der sich zu einem Gleichstromkreis über das Behandlungsobjekt schliesst, wenn dieses mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 berührt wird. Der dann einsetzende Steuergleichstrom erzeugt an dem Widerstand 10 einen Gleichspannungsabfall, der bei hinreichender Grösse nach Verstärkung durch den Verstärker 11 ein Relais 12 einschaltet, dessen Arbeitskontakt 2 den Hochfrequenzstromkreis schliesst.



   Mit Einsetzen des Behandlungsstromes tritt durch einen Gleichrichtereffekt, der sich zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem behandelten Gewebe aus  bildet, eine Gleichspannung am Patienten auf, die über den Hilfsstromkreis einen zusätzlichen Gleich strom treibt. Die Erfindung beruht nun auf der Erkenntnis, dass die am Patienten auftretende Gleich spannung wesentlich höher ist als die Gleichspannung der Hilfsspannungsquelle 8, die im Beispielsfall 12 V beträgt. Bei Versuchen mit einem handels  üblichen Chirurgiegerät wurde am Patienten eine
Gleichspannung von etwa 150 V gemessen. Für die Dimensionierung des Hilfskreises im Hinblick auf eine Berechnung des Gleichstromes im Hilfskreis muss daher in erster Linie diese Spannung, deren Existenz in dieser Grösse bisher unbekannt war, zugrunde gelegt werden.

   Im Beispielsfall sind für die Widerstände 9 und 10 daher Werte von 10 M und
1 M vorgesehen.



   Bei der angegebenen Dimensionierung ergibt sich eine Ansprechempfindlichkeit der Schaltautomatik, die durch einen bestimmten höchsten Patienten Ersatzwiderstand ausgedrückt werden kann, das heisst die Automatik schaltet stets dann ein, wenn der Berührungswiderstand unter dem der Empfindlichkeit entsprechenden maximalen Ersatzwiderstand liegt. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle oder aus Sicherheitsgründen kann es wünschenswert sein, die Ansprechempfindlichkeit herabzusetzen. Technisch kann diese Aufgabe entweder durch einen durch den Schalter 13 zum Widerstand 10 parallel geschalteten Widerstand 14 oder durch Herabsetzung der Spannung der Hilfsstromquelle 8 erfolgen.



   Der Kondensator 15 bewirkt mit dem Widerstand 9, dass niederfrequente Wechselspannungen und Gleichstromstörimpulse, die an die aktive Elektrode gelangen könnten, keine für eine Einschaltung des Apparates hinreichende Spannung am Gitter der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 verursachen. Damit sich anderseits durch den Kondensator 15 nach dem Abheben der Elektrode 3 vom Objekt 4 keine durch die Zeitkonstante im Gitterkreis verursachende störende Einschaltverzögerung ergibt, werden die Verhältnisse zweckmässig so gewählt, dass der Gitterstrom der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 bereits nach einer geringen Erhöhung der Gitterspannung einsetzt und dadurch eine höhere Aufladung des Kondensators 15 verhindert.



   Die Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung des Hochfrequenzstromes kann als getrennte Baueinheit ausgeführt werden, um damit nachträglich Chirurgiegeräte ausrüsten zu können. Sie kann jedoch auch organisch in die Schaltung des Chirurgiegerätes eingefügt werden. In der Fig. 2 ist die Kombination einer getrennten Baueinheit mit einem Chirurgiegerät dargestellt. Von dem durch das gestrichelte Rechteck 20 angedeuteten Chirurgiegerät sind nur einige Bauteile angedeutet, wie die Generatorröhre 21, der Schwingkreis 22, 23, die Ankopplungsspule 24 und der Trennkondensator 25. Die Buchsen 26, 27 dienen zum Anschluss der aktiven Elektrode 3 und der neutralen Elektrode 5. An die Buchsen 30, 31 wird bei bekannten Geräten üblicherweise ein nicht dargestell ter Fussschalter angeschlossen.

   Bei Betätigung des
Fussschalters würden beide Buchsen 30, 31 kurz geschlossen, und das Relais 32 erhielte Strom und schlösse seinen Arbeitskontakt 33 in der Anodenspan nungsleitung der Generatorröhre 21. Anstelle des Fussschalters ist nun die selbsttätige Einschalteinrichtung an die Buchsen 30, 31 angeschlossen, und zwar deren Schaltkontakt 34, der durch ein schematisch angedeutetes Relais 35 betätigt wird. Die Elemente 7, 9, 10 und 15 stimmen mit den gleichbezifferten Elementen in Fig. 1 überein. Die Sperrdrossel 7 ist innerhalb des Apparategehäuses 20 untergebracht. Die Verstärkerröhre 36 erhält ihre Anodenspannung aus einem schematisch angedeuteten Stromversorgungsgerät 37, dessen Betriebsspannung die Heizspannungsquelle des Chirurgiegerätes liefert.



  Für ein möglichst verzögerungsfreies Einschalten erfolgt bereits bei einer Gitterspannung von 1,5 V der Gitterstromeinsatz. An dem Potentiometer 38 kann die für den Hilfskreis wirksame Hilfsspannung und damit die Ansprechempfindlichkeit der beschriebenen Anordnung verändert werden. Mit Hilfe der Widerstände 39, 40 wird dem Gitter der Röhre 36 ein gegenüber der Kathode negatives Ruhepotential vermittelt.



   Zur Überprüfung der Schaltautomatik ist eine Prüftaste 42 vorgesehen, die im gedrückten Zustand eine Funktionskontrolle erlaubt. Dabei wird an Stelle des normalerweise über den Patienten geschlossenen Stromweges ein Prüfstromkreis über den vorgeschalteten Patienten-Ersatzwiderstand 43 gebildet.   

Claims (1)

  1. PATENTANSPRUCH Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes mit einem zwischen aktiver und neutraler Elektrode bestehenden, eine Gleichspannungsquelle enthaltenden Gleichstromweg, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand des Gleichstromweges mindestens 100 kQ beträgt.
    UNTERANSPRÜCHE 1. Anordnung nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil des Widerstandes im Gitterkreis einer Verstärkerröhre angeordnet ist und durch einen Kondensator überbrückt ist, so dass in Verbindung mit einem anderen Teil des Widerstandes des Gleichstromweges durch Spannungsteilerwirkung unerwünschte Wechselspannungen möglichst klein gehalten werden.
    2. Anordnung nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für eine Funktionsprüfung unabhängig von der Handhabung der aktiven Elektrode wirkende Mittel zur Auslösung der Anordnung vorgesehen sind.
CH412760A 1959-04-29 1960-04-08 Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes CH382313A (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES62831A DE1099658B (de) 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH382313A true CH382313A (de) 1964-09-30

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ID=7495912

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH412760A CH382313A (de) 1959-04-29 1960-04-08 Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes

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CH (1) CH382313A (de)
DE (1) DE1099658B (de)
GB (1) GB897961A (de)

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