CH382313A - Arrangement for the automatic activation of the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device - Google Patents

Arrangement for the automatic activation of the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device

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Publication number
CH382313A
CH382313A CH412760A CH412760A CH382313A CH 382313 A CH382313 A CH 382313A CH 412760 A CH412760 A CH 412760A CH 412760 A CH412760 A CH 412760A CH 382313 A CH382313 A CH 382313A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
voltage
frequency
arrangement
direct current
surgical device
Prior art date
Application number
CH412760A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hudek Karl
Original Assignee
Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag filed Critical Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Publication of CH382313A publication Critical patent/CH382313A/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/16Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Description

  

  
 



  Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes. Bekannte derartige Anordnungen arbeiten in der Weise, dass bei Berührung des Operationsobjektes mit der (aktiven) Operationselektrode über das Objekt ein Hilfsstromkreis geschlossen und damit das Steuerpotential einer Verstärkerröhre beeinflusst wird, die wiederum ein Relais zur Einschaltung des Hochfrequenzgenerators steuert.



  Bei den bekannten Einrichtungen ist der Hilfsstromkreis relativ niederohmig ausgelegt. Auf diese Weise kann jedoch ein für den Patienten unangenehmer Reizstrom entstehen.



   Es ist bekannt, dass beim Schneidvorgang durch Funkenbildung an der Berührungsstelle zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem Patienten ein Gleichrichtereffekt auftritt. Bei geschlossenem Gleichstromkreis könnte die dadurch auftretende Gleichspannung zu faradischen Reizungen Anlass geben. Um einen solchen Gleichstromweg über den Ausgangskreis des Gerätes zu vermeiden, ist der Hochfrequenz-Stromkreis bei allen Chirurgiegeräten durch einen Kondensator gleichstrommässig unterbrochen. Neu ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Erkenntnis, dass die genannte Gleichspannung bei handelsüblichen Geräten 150 Volt und mehr betragen kann. Ist der Hilfsstromkreis der Schaltautomatik niederohmig ausgelegt, so kann diese Spannung einen relativ starken Reizstrom zur Folge haben, der dem Patienten unerwünschte Reizungen (Muskelzuckungen) verursacht.



   Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils wird erfindungsgemäss vorgeschlagen, den Hilfskreis so auszulegen, dass der zwischen aktive und neutrale Elektrode geschaltete Gleichstromwiderstand mindestens 100 kQ beträgt, vorzugsweise aber im Bereich mehrerer   Mo    liegt. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass der genannte Gleichstromwiderstand, wie bei einer bekannten Anordnung, durch die bei positivem Gitterpotential niederohmige Gitter-Kathoden-Strecke einer Schaltröhre wesentlich mitbestimmt sein kann. Die Erfindung nimmt bewusst den höheren schaltungstechnischen Aufwand in Kauf, den ein hochohmiger Steuerkreis erfordert, um die für den Patienten unangenehmen Folgeerscheinungen der selbsttätigen Einschalteinrichtung zu vermeiden.



   An Hand der beigefügten Figuren sollen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung nachfolgend erläutert werden.



   Gemäss Fig. 1 ist der Ausgang eines lediglich durch ein Schaltungssymbol angedeuteten Hochfrequenzgenerators 1 einseitig geerdet und kann mit seinem zweiten Pol über einen Schalter 2 mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 des   Hochfrequenzchirurgieapparates    verbunden werden. Die dem Behandlungsobjekt 4 anliegende neutrale Elektrode 5 ist ebenfalls geerdet. Ein Kondensator 6 dient zur gleichstrommässigen Unterbrechung des Behandlungsstromkreises.



   Zwischen aktiver Elektrode 3 und neutraler Elektrode 5 ist über eine Hochfrequenz-Sperrdrossel 7, eine Hilfsspannungsquelle 8 und zwei hochohmige Widerstände 9, 10 ein Gleichspannungsweg geschaffen, der sich zu einem Gleichstromkreis über das Behandlungsobjekt schliesst, wenn dieses mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 berührt wird. Der dann einsetzende Steuergleichstrom erzeugt an dem Widerstand 10 einen Gleichspannungsabfall, der bei hinreichender Grösse nach Verstärkung durch den Verstärker 11 ein Relais 12 einschaltet, dessen Arbeitskontakt 2 den Hochfrequenzstromkreis schliesst.



   Mit Einsetzen des Behandlungsstromes tritt durch einen Gleichrichtereffekt, der sich zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem behandelten Gewebe aus  bildet, eine Gleichspannung am Patienten auf, die über den Hilfsstromkreis einen zusätzlichen Gleich strom treibt. Die Erfindung beruht nun auf der Erkenntnis, dass die am Patienten auftretende Gleich spannung wesentlich höher ist als die Gleichspannung der Hilfsspannungsquelle 8, die im Beispielsfall 12 V beträgt. Bei Versuchen mit einem handels  üblichen Chirurgiegerät wurde am Patienten eine
Gleichspannung von etwa 150 V gemessen. Für die Dimensionierung des Hilfskreises im Hinblick auf eine Berechnung des Gleichstromes im Hilfskreis muss daher in erster Linie diese Spannung, deren Existenz in dieser Grösse bisher unbekannt war, zugrunde gelegt werden.

   Im Beispielsfall sind für die Widerstände 9 und 10 daher Werte von 10 M und
1 M vorgesehen.



   Bei der angegebenen Dimensionierung ergibt sich eine Ansprechempfindlichkeit der Schaltautomatik, die durch einen bestimmten höchsten Patienten Ersatzwiderstand ausgedrückt werden kann, das heisst die Automatik schaltet stets dann ein, wenn der Berührungswiderstand unter dem der Empfindlichkeit entsprechenden maximalen Ersatzwiderstand liegt. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle oder aus Sicherheitsgründen kann es wünschenswert sein, die Ansprechempfindlichkeit herabzusetzen. Technisch kann diese Aufgabe entweder durch einen durch den Schalter 13 zum Widerstand 10 parallel geschalteten Widerstand 14 oder durch Herabsetzung der Spannung der Hilfsstromquelle 8 erfolgen.



   Der Kondensator 15 bewirkt mit dem Widerstand 9, dass niederfrequente Wechselspannungen und Gleichstromstörimpulse, die an die aktive Elektrode gelangen könnten, keine für eine Einschaltung des Apparates hinreichende Spannung am Gitter der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 verursachen. Damit sich anderseits durch den Kondensator 15 nach dem Abheben der Elektrode 3 vom Objekt 4 keine durch die Zeitkonstante im Gitterkreis verursachende störende Einschaltverzögerung ergibt, werden die Verhältnisse zweckmässig so gewählt, dass der Gitterstrom der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 bereits nach einer geringen Erhöhung der Gitterspannung einsetzt und dadurch eine höhere Aufladung des Kondensators 15 verhindert.



   Die Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung des Hochfrequenzstromes kann als getrennte Baueinheit ausgeführt werden, um damit nachträglich Chirurgiegeräte ausrüsten zu können. Sie kann jedoch auch organisch in die Schaltung des Chirurgiegerätes eingefügt werden. In der Fig. 2 ist die Kombination einer getrennten Baueinheit mit einem Chirurgiegerät dargestellt. Von dem durch das gestrichelte Rechteck 20 angedeuteten Chirurgiegerät sind nur einige Bauteile angedeutet, wie die Generatorröhre 21, der Schwingkreis 22, 23, die Ankopplungsspule 24 und der Trennkondensator 25. Die Buchsen 26, 27 dienen zum Anschluss der aktiven Elektrode 3 und der neutralen Elektrode 5. An die Buchsen 30, 31 wird bei bekannten Geräten üblicherweise ein nicht dargestell ter Fussschalter angeschlossen.

   Bei Betätigung des
Fussschalters würden beide Buchsen 30, 31 kurz geschlossen, und das Relais 32 erhielte Strom und schlösse seinen Arbeitskontakt 33 in der Anodenspan nungsleitung der Generatorröhre 21. Anstelle des Fussschalters ist nun die selbsttätige Einschalteinrichtung an die Buchsen 30, 31 angeschlossen, und zwar deren Schaltkontakt 34, der durch ein schematisch angedeutetes Relais 35 betätigt wird. Die Elemente 7, 9, 10 und 15 stimmen mit den gleichbezifferten Elementen in Fig. 1 überein. Die Sperrdrossel 7 ist innerhalb des Apparategehäuses 20 untergebracht. Die Verstärkerröhre 36 erhält ihre Anodenspannung aus einem schematisch angedeuteten Stromversorgungsgerät 37, dessen Betriebsspannung die Heizspannungsquelle des Chirurgiegerätes liefert.



  Für ein möglichst verzögerungsfreies Einschalten erfolgt bereits bei einer Gitterspannung von 1,5 V der Gitterstromeinsatz. An dem Potentiometer 38 kann die für den Hilfskreis wirksame Hilfsspannung und damit die Ansprechempfindlichkeit der beschriebenen Anordnung verändert werden. Mit Hilfe der Widerstände 39, 40 wird dem Gitter der Röhre 36 ein gegenüber der Kathode negatives Ruhepotential vermittelt.



   Zur Überprüfung der Schaltautomatik ist eine Prüftaste 42 vorgesehen, die im gedrückten Zustand eine Funktionskontrolle erlaubt. Dabei wird an Stelle des normalerweise über den Patienten geschlossenen Stromweges ein Prüfstromkreis über den vorgeschalteten Patienten-Ersatzwiderstand 43 gebildet.   



  
 



  Arrangement for the automatic activation of the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device
The invention relates to an arrangement for automatically switching on the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device. Known arrangements of this type work in such a way that when the operation object touches the (active) operation electrode via the object, an auxiliary circuit is closed and thus the control potential of an amplifier tube is influenced, which in turn controls a relay for switching on the high-frequency generator.



  In the known devices, the auxiliary circuit is designed to be relatively low-resistance. In this way, however, a stimulus current that is unpleasant for the patient can arise.



   It is known that a rectifier effect occurs during the cutting process due to the formation of sparks at the contact point between the active electrode and the patient. If the DC circuit is closed, the resulting DC voltage could give rise to faradic irritations. In order to avoid such a direct current path via the output circuit of the device, the high-frequency circuit in all surgical devices is interrupted for direct current by a capacitor. What is new in this context is the knowledge that the mentioned direct voltage in commercially available devices can be 150 volts and more. If the auxiliary circuit of the automatic switching system is designed to have a low resistance, this voltage can result in a relatively strong stimulation current that causes undesirable irritation (muscle twitching) to the patient.



   To avoid this disadvantage, it is proposed according to the invention to design the auxiliary circuit in such a way that the direct current resistance connected between the active and the neutral electrode is at least 100 kΩ, but is preferably in the range of several Mo. It must be ensured that the mentioned direct current resistance, as in a known arrangement, can be significantly influenced by the low-resistance grid-cathode path of an interrupter when the grid potential is positive. The invention deliberately accepts the higher circuitry complexity that a high-resistance control circuit requires in order to avoid the unpleasant consequences of the automatic switch-on device for the patient.



   Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.



   According to FIG. 1, the output of a high-frequency generator 1, indicated only by a circuit symbol, is grounded on one side and its second pole can be connected to the active electrode 3 of the high-frequency surgical apparatus via a switch 2. The neutral electrode 5 lying against the treatment object 4 is also grounded. A capacitor 6 is used to interrupt the treatment circuit with direct current.



   Between the active electrode 3 and the neutral electrode 5, a high-frequency blocking choke 7, an auxiliary voltage source 8 and two high-resistance resistors 9, 10 create a direct voltage path that closes into a direct current circuit across the object to be treated when it is touched by the active electrode 3. The control direct current which then sets in generates a direct voltage drop across the resistor 10 which, when it is sufficiently large, switches on a relay 12 after being amplified by the amplifier 11, the working contact 2 of which closes the high-frequency circuit.



   When the treatment current starts, a rectifier effect that forms between the active electrode and the treated tissue causes a direct voltage on the patient, which drives an additional direct current via the auxiliary circuit. The invention is based on the knowledge that the direct voltage occurring on the patient is significantly higher than the direct voltage of the auxiliary voltage source 8, which is 12 V in the example. In tests with a commercially available surgical device, a
DC voltage of about 150 V measured. For the dimensioning of the auxiliary circuit with a view to calculating the direct current in the auxiliary circuit, this voltage, the existence of which was previously unknown, must be used as a basis.

   In the example, the resistors 9 and 10 are therefore values of 10 M and
1 M provided.



   The specified dimensioning results in a response sensitivity of the automatic switching that can be expressed by a certain highest patient equivalent resistance, i.e. the automatic always switches on when the contact resistance is below the maximum equivalent resistance corresponding to the sensitivity. For certain applications or for safety reasons, it may be desirable to reduce the response sensitivity. Technically, this task can be carried out either by a resistor 14 connected in parallel with the resistor 10 by the switch 13 or by reducing the voltage of the auxiliary power source 8.



   The capacitor 15 and the resistor 9 ensure that low-frequency alternating voltages and direct current interference pulses which could reach the active electrode do not cause a voltage on the grid of the input tube of the amplifier 11 that is sufficient to switch on the apparatus. On the other hand, so that there is no disruptive switch-on delay caused by the time constant in the grid circle due to the capacitor 15 after the electrode 3 is lifted off the object 4, the ratios are expediently chosen so that the grid current of the input tube of the amplifier 11 starts after a slight increase in the grid voltage and thereby prevents the capacitor 15 from being charged to a higher level.



   The arrangement for automatically switching on the high-frequency current can be designed as a separate structural unit in order to be able to retrofit surgical devices with it. However, it can also be integrated organically into the circuitry of the surgical device. In FIG. 2, the combination of a separate structural unit with a surgical device is shown. Only a few components of the surgical device indicated by the dashed rectangle 20 are indicated, such as the generator tube 21, the resonant circuit 22, 23, the coupling coil 24 and the separating capacitor 25. The sockets 26, 27 are used to connect the active electrode 3 and the neutral electrode 5. In known devices, a foot switch, not shown, is usually connected to the sockets 30, 31.

   When the
With the foot switch, both sockets 30, 31 would be short-circuited, and the relay 32 would receive power and close its working contact 33 in the anode voltage line of the generator tube 21.Instead of the foot switch, the automatic switch-on device is now connected to the sockets 30, 31, namely their switching contact 34 , which is actuated by a schematically indicated relay 35. The elements 7, 9, 10 and 15 correspond to the elements with the same number in FIG. 1. The blocking throttle 7 is accommodated within the apparatus housing 20. The amplifier tube 36 receives its anode voltage from a schematically indicated power supply device 37, the operating voltage of which is supplied by the heating voltage source of the surgical device.



  For switching on as quickly as possible, the grid current is used at a grid voltage of 1.5 V. The auxiliary voltage effective for the auxiliary circuit and thus the sensitivity of the described arrangement can be changed at the potentiometer 38. With the help of the resistors 39, 40 the grid of the tube 36 is given a negative rest potential with respect to the cathode.



   To check the automatic switching, a test button 42 is provided, which allows a function check when pressed. In this case, instead of the current path normally closed via the patient, a test circuit is formed via the upstream patient equivalent resistor 43.

 

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes mit einem zwischen aktiver und neutraler Elektrode bestehenden, eine Gleichspannungsquelle enthaltenden Gleichstromweg, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand des Gleichstromweges mindestens 100 kQ beträgt. PATENT CLAIM Arrangement for automatically switching on the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device with a direct current path existing between the active and neutral electrode and containing a direct voltage source, characterized in that the resistance of the direct current path is at least 100 kΩ. UNTERANSPRÜCHE 1. Anordnung nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil des Widerstandes im Gitterkreis einer Verstärkerröhre angeordnet ist und durch einen Kondensator überbrückt ist, so dass in Verbindung mit einem anderen Teil des Widerstandes des Gleichstromweges durch Spannungsteilerwirkung unerwünschte Wechselspannungen möglichst klein gehalten werden. SUBCLAIMS 1. Arrangement according to claim, characterized in that part of the resistor is arranged in the lattice circuit of an amplifier tube and is bridged by a capacitor, so that in connection with another part of the resistor of the direct current path, undesired alternating voltages are kept as small as possible by the voltage divider effect. 2. Anordnung nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für eine Funktionsprüfung unabhängig von der Handhabung der aktiven Elektrode wirkende Mittel zur Auslösung der Anordnung vorgesehen sind. 2. Arrangement according to patent claim, characterized in that means for triggering the arrangement are provided for a functional test independent of the handling of the active electrode.
CH412760A 1959-04-29 1960-04-08 Arrangement for the automatic activation of the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device CH382313A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES62831A DE1099658B (en) 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Automatic switch-on device for high-frequency surgical devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH382313A true CH382313A (en) 1964-09-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH412760A CH382313A (en) 1959-04-29 1960-04-08 Arrangement for the automatic activation of the high-frequency voltage of a high-frequency surgical device

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DE (1) DE1099658B (en)
GB (1) GB897961A (en)

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