CA2691074C - Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts - Google Patents
Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2691074C CA2691074C CA2691074A CA2691074A CA2691074C CA 2691074 C CA2691074 C CA 2691074C CA 2691074 A CA2691074 A CA 2691074A CA 2691074 A CA2691074 A CA 2691074A CA 2691074 C CA2691074 C CA 2691074C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- zeolite
- shell
- catalysts
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000012690 zeolite precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000365446 Cordierites Species 0.000 description 3
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATFJZOOCCNCYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octasodium disilicate Chemical compound [Si]([O-])([O-])([O-])[O-].[Si]([O-])([O-])([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] ATFJZOOCCNCYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/107—Atmospheric residues having a boiling point of at least about 538 °C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/22—Higher olefins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/765,784 US8278235B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2007-06-20 | Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts |
US11/765,784 | 2007-06-20 | ||
PCT/US2008/066637 WO2008157199A2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-12 | Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts |
Publications (2)
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CA2691074A1 CA2691074A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
CA2691074C true CA2691074C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
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CA2691074A Expired - Fee Related CA2691074C (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-12 | Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts |
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US (1) | US8278235B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2162509A2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5336480B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101505223B1 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN105214713A (ko) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812723A2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2691074C (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2008157199A2 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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US8168561B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2012-05-01 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Core shell catalyst |
US9539543B2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2017-01-10 | Basf Corporation | Mechanically fused materials for pollution abatement in mobile and stationary sources |
US9029291B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-05-12 | Basf Corporation | Rare earth-containing attrition resistant vanadium trap for catalytic cracking catalyst |
US20140148632A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-05-29 | Uop Llc | Resid catalytic cracker and catalyst for increased propylene yield |
US20130131412A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Uop Llc | Resid catalytic cracker and catalyst for increased propylene yield |
US9566571B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2017-02-14 | Basf Se | Hexaaluminate-comprising catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbons and a reforming process |
WO2013123296A1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Kior, Inc. | Catalyst compositions comprising in situ grown zeolites on clay matrixes exhibiting hierarchical pore structures |
US9895680B2 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2018-02-20 | Basf Corporation | FCC catalyst compositions containing boron oxide |
US9796932B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-10-24 | Basf Corporation | FCC catalyst compositions containing boron oxide and phosphorus |
US20150174559A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Basf Corporation | Phosphorus-Modified FCC Catalysts |
IN2015DE00254A (ko) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-07 | Uop Llc | |
CA2940798A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Reliance Industries Limited | A catalyst for a naphtha reforming process |
US10633596B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2020-04-28 | Basf Corporation | FCC catalyst having alumina derived from crystalline boehmite |
BR112019024084A2 (pt) | 2017-05-17 | 2020-06-02 | Basf Corporation | Catalisadores e método para fabricar um catalisador |
KR20210089743A (ko) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-07-16 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | 이온-교환 수지 코어-쉘 촉매 입자 |
KR20220025897A (ko) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-03-03 | 더블유.알. 그레이스 앤드 캄파니-콘. | 올레핀 수율을 증가시키기 위한 유동 분해 방법 및 이를 위한 촉매 조성물 |
CN114308042B (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2023-11-21 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种凹凸棒石基有序微孔沸石催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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JPS6025369B2 (ja) * | 1981-03-10 | 1985-06-18 | 水澤化学工業株式会社 | 耐摩耗性粒状ゼオライト及びその製法 |
US4394251A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1983-07-19 | Chevron Research Company | Hydrocarbon conversion with crystalline silicate particle having an aluminum-containing outer shell |
EP0118632A1 (en) | 1983-03-14 | 1984-09-19 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Crystalline materials and process for their manufacture |
US5077253A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-12-31 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Layered cracking catalyst and method of manufacture and use thereof |
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US5286370A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1994-02-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking using a layered cracking catalyst |
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US5228980A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-07-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Fluidized catalytic cracking process employing shell-coated FCC catalysts |
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US5200382A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-04-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Catalyst comprising thin shell of catalytically active material bonded onto an inert core |
WO1995033561A1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-14 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Fcc catalyst comprising coated zeolite particles |
CA2153845A1 (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1996-01-16 | Krijn Pieter De Jong | Process for the conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
EP0697247B1 (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1999-09-29 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
GB9502342D0 (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1995-03-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Hydrocarbon treatment and catalyst therefor |
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JP3920966B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-06 | 2007-05-30 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 重質油分解用添加触媒 |
CN1290193A (zh) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-04-04 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 包含局部涂有第二沸石的沸石的催化剂及其用于烃类转化的用途 |
US6177381B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-01-23 | Uop Llc | Layered catalyst composition and processes for preparing and using the composition |
US6699811B1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2004-03-02 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Tailored zeolite bound zeolite catalyst and its use for hydrocarbon conversion |
US6649802B1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2003-11-18 | Uop Llc | Layered oligomerization catalyst system |
US6673235B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2004-01-06 | Engelhard Corporation | FCC catalysts for feeds containing nickel and vanadium |
US6656347B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-12-02 | Engelhard Corporation | Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts |
US20030089640A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-15 | Rostam Madon | FCC catalysts for feeds containing nickel and vanadium |
US6696378B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-02-24 | Engelhard Corporation | Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst manufacturing process |
US7101473B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-09-05 | Engelhard Corporation | Method of enhancing the activity of FCC catalysts |
US6867341B1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2005-03-15 | Uop Llc | Catalytic naphtha cracking catalyst and process |
US6942783B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-09-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Enhanced FCC catalysts for gas oil and resid applications |
FR2865663B1 (fr) | 2004-01-29 | 2006-06-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur sous forme de grains comportant un coeur poreux acide entoure d'une couche externe uniforme |
US7320782B1 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2008-01-22 | Uop Llc | Process for preparing a layered molecular sieve composition |
US7629289B2 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2009-12-08 | Uop Llc | Selective naphtha desulfurization process and catalyst |
-
2007
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-
2008
- 2008-06-12 EP EP08770775A patent/EP2162509A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-12 KR KR1020107001163A patent/KR101505223B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-12 WO PCT/US2008/066637 patent/WO2008157199A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-12 CN CN201510591926.7A patent/CN105214713A/zh active Pending
- 2008-06-12 JP JP2010513336A patent/JP5336480B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2008-06-12 BR BRPI0812723-9A2A patent/BRPI0812723A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-12 CA CA2691074A patent/CA2691074C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2162509A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
US8278235B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
JP2010530307A (ja) | 2010-09-09 |
US20080314798A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
KR20100040724A (ko) | 2010-04-20 |
CA2691074A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
WO2008157199A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
CN105214713A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
WO2008157199A4 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
BRPI0812723A2 (pt) | 2014-12-30 |
KR101505223B1 (ko) | 2015-03-23 |
JP5336480B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
WO2008157199A3 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
CN101784641A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
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