CA2257384C - Apparatus and method for ice blasting - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for ice blasting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2257384C CA2257384C CA002257384A CA2257384A CA2257384C CA 2257384 C CA2257384 C CA 2257384C CA 002257384 A CA002257384 A CA 002257384A CA 2257384 A CA2257384 A CA 2257384A CA 2257384 C CA2257384 C CA 2257384C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- particulates
- tube
- nozzle
- drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/083—Deburring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C1/00—Producing ice
- F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
- F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
- F25C1/142—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes from the outer walls of cooled bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C5/00—Working or handling ice
- F25C5/20—Distributing ice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S241/00—Solid material comminution or disintegration
- Y10S241/17—Ice crushers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002487309A CA2487309A1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-06-05 | Apparatus and method for ice blasting |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/660,905 US5913711A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | Method for ice blasting |
| US08/660,905 | 1996-06-07 | ||
| PCT/US1997/010070 WO1997046838A1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-06-05 | Apparatus and method for ice blasting |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002487309A Division CA2487309A1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-06-05 | Apparatus and method for ice blasting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2257384A1 CA2257384A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
| CA2257384C true CA2257384C (en) | 2005-03-01 |
Family
ID=24651426
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002257384A Expired - Fee Related CA2257384C (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-06-05 | Apparatus and method for ice blasting |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US5913711A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0902870B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002508053A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE257936T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU3386297A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2257384C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69727219T2 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK0902870T3 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2214625T3 (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT902870E (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997046838A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (49)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19735598A1 (de) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-02-18 | Maja Maschinenfabrik Herrmann | Scherbeneismaschine |
| US6726693B2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2004-04-27 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | Tissue resurfacing using biocompatible materials |
| US6306119B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-10-23 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | Skin resurfacing and treatment using biocompatible materials |
| US6328631B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-12-11 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for surface processing using ice slurry |
| AU2002230952A1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2002-07-16 | Friedman, Mark, M. | Apparatus and method for cutting and removal of biological tissue by pressurized propulsion of ice particles |
| JP2002318042A (ja) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Hoshizaki Electric Co Ltd | オーガ式製氷機 |
| US6536220B2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-03-25 | Universal Ice Blast, Inc. | Method and apparatus for pressure-driven ice blasting |
| US6557355B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2003-05-06 | Roman Niechcial | Methods and apparatus for creating and using ice pellets |
| US7040962B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2006-05-09 | Fuji Seiki Machine Works, Ltd. | Ice blasting apparatus and trimming method for film insert molding |
| US20050123418A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Manole Dan M. | Compact compressors and refrigeration systems |
| US20070193610A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-08-23 | Ecolab Inc. | System For Semi-Automatic Line Cleaning |
| US20060097003A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-11 | Joerg Emmendoerfer | Chemical dispense system for cleaning components of a fluid dispensing system |
| US20060169715A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-08-03 | Jorg Emmendorfer | Controller-based management of a fluid dispensing system |
| US20060175352A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-08-10 | Jorg Emmendorfer | Cleaning processes for a fluid dispensing system |
| US20060113322A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-06-01 | Maser Bryan A | Monitoring operation of a fluid dispensing system |
| US7311224B2 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-12-25 | Ecolab Inc. | Chemical dispense system for cleaning components of a fluid dispensing system |
| US20070095859A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-03 | Maser Bryan A | Controller-based management of a fluid dispensing system |
| ES2358957T3 (es) * | 2007-04-05 | 2011-05-17 | Rosa Rotstein | Dispositivo y procedimiento destinados al procesado superficial o al tratamiento superficial mediante un granulado de hielo seco. |
| EP2065671A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-03 | Ugo Nevi | Machine shooting bullets of ice |
| KR100843638B1 (ko) | 2008-04-23 | 2008-07-09 | 클린로드 주식회사 | 얼음알갱이가 혼합된 고압수를 이용한 도로시설물 청소방법 |
| US8762067B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-06-24 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Methods and systems for ablation or abrasion with frozen particles and comparing tissue surface ablation or abrasion data to clinical outcome data |
| US20100111857A1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Boyden Edward S | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US9050070B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-06-09 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US9072799B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-07-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US9060926B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-06-23 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US8409376B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-04-02 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US8721583B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-13 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US8793075B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-07-29 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US9060934B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-06-23 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US8788211B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-07-22 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Method and system for comparing tissue ablation or abrasion data to data related to administration of a frozen particle composition |
| US8551505B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-10-08 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US8545855B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-10-01 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US8725420B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-13 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for surface abrasion with frozen particles |
| US9050317B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-06-09 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US9072688B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2015-07-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US8731840B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-20 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| US8731841B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-20 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery with frozen particles |
| EP2406564B8 (de) * | 2009-03-14 | 2016-09-14 | Maja-Maschinenfabrik Hermann Schill GmbH & Co. KG | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von scherbeneis |
| US20100282026A1 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-11 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and system for automated earth boring drill bit manufacturing |
| JP5362459B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-23 | 2013-12-11 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 氷結層生成装置 |
| US20110066162A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-17 | Vandolay, Inc. | Cryo-micro-dermabrasion |
| JP5329384B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2013-10-30 | ホシザキ電機株式会社 | ドラム式製氷機 |
| JP5576663B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-12 | 2014-08-20 | ホシザキ電機株式会社 | ドラム式製氷機 |
| CN106264671B (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-11-23 | 惠州海卓科赛医疗有限公司 | 一种高切割力医用水刀 |
| AU2017210772B9 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2019-08-08 | Coulson Ice Blast Ltd. | Ice blasting system and method |
| CN108870820B (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-09-11 | 芜湖拓达电子科技有限公司 | 一种水产品保鲜冷藏用冰块破碎装置 |
| TWI832028B (zh) | 2019-12-31 | 2024-02-11 | 美商冷卻噴射公司 | 粒子噴射系統及從一噴射噴嘴排出一挾帶粒子流之方法 |
| KR102317462B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-10-27 | 구하서 | 얼음 제조장치 |
| CN112695706B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | 四川大学 | 一种减轻泄洪雾化程度的装置和方法 |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2549215A (en) * | 1942-07-30 | 1951-04-17 | Mansted Svend Axel Jorgen | Method of and means for producing broken ice |
| US2699403A (en) * | 1952-05-24 | 1955-01-11 | Emmett J Courts | Means and methods for cleaning and polishing automobiles |
| US2860490A (en) * | 1952-07-25 | 1958-11-18 | Vilter Mfg Co | Method and apparatus for production of super-cooled ice |
| US2749722A (en) * | 1952-09-19 | 1956-06-12 | Frank W Knowles | Apparatus for making ice in small pieces |
| US2758451A (en) * | 1953-05-14 | 1956-08-14 | Akshun Mfg Company | Flake ice making machine and water distributor for use therein |
| US3403532A (en) * | 1966-12-01 | 1968-10-01 | Frank W. Knowles | Flake ice-making machine |
| US4389820A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-06-28 | Lockheed Corporation | Blasting machine utilizing sublimable particles |
| PH19804A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1986-07-08 | Saphim Prod Hielo Marino | Machine for making ice flakes from sea water or fresh water |
| US4538428A (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1985-09-03 | Wilkerson Kenneth L | Ice-making machine |
| US4617064A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-10-14 | Cryoblast, Inc. | Cleaning method and apparatus |
| DK550884A (da) * | 1984-11-20 | 1986-05-21 | Knud Erik Westergaard | Fremgangsmaade og apparat til partikelblaesning med partikler af et materiale, der skifter tilstandsform |
| GB8505429D0 (en) * | 1985-03-02 | 1985-04-03 | Kue Eng Ltd | Blast cleaning |
| US4744181A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-05-17 | Moore David E | Particle-blast cleaning apparatus and method |
| JPH0744166B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-31 | 1995-05-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体ウエハ洗浄装置 |
| DE4115142A1 (de) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-11-12 | Biforce Anstalt | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von scherbeneis |
| US5203794A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-04-20 | Alpheus Cleaning Technologies Corp. | Ice blasting apparatus |
| WO1993024275A1 (en) | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-09 | Ice Blast International Ltd. | Particle blasting utilizing crystalline ice |
| US5249426A (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 1993-10-05 | Alpheus Cleaning Technologies Corp. | Apparatus for making and delivering sublimable pellets |
| TW218852B (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-01-11 | D Fraresso William | Apparatus for real time ice supply to ice blasting system |
| CA2113291A1 (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-07-27 | William D. Fraresso | Apparatus for real time ice supply to ice blasting system |
| US5520572A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-05-28 | Alpheus Cleaning Technologies Corp. | Apparatus for producing and blasting sublimable granules on demand |
| US5448894A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1995-09-12 | North Star Ice Equipment Corporation | Disk flake ice machine |
| US5623831A (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1997-04-29 | Mesher; Terry | Fluidized particle production system and process |
-
1996
- 1996-06-07 US US08/660,905 patent/US5913711A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-05 DK DK97929910T patent/DK0902870T3/da active
- 1997-06-05 JP JP50092498A patent/JP2002508053A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-05 DE DE69727219T patent/DE69727219T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-05 PT PT97929910T patent/PT902870E/pt unknown
- 1997-06-05 EP EP97929910A patent/EP0902870B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-05 AT AT97929910T patent/ATE257936T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-05 ES ES97929910T patent/ES2214625T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-05 WO PCT/US1997/010070 patent/WO1997046838A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-05 CA CA002257384A patent/CA2257384C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-05 AU AU33862/97A patent/AU3386297A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-03-30 US US09/050,616 patent/US6001000A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-12-14 US US09/465,211 patent/US6270394B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69727219D1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| US6001000A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
| AU3386297A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
| EP0902870A4 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
| PT902870E (pt) | 2004-05-31 |
| DE69727219T2 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
| ES2214625T3 (es) | 2004-09-16 |
| US6270394B1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| US5913711A (en) | 1999-06-22 |
| WO1997046838A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
| JP2002508053A (ja) | 2002-03-12 |
| CA2257384A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
| DK0902870T3 (da) | 2004-05-03 |
| ATE257936T1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP0902870A1 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
| EP0902870B1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
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