CA2253593C - Prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by 6-fluoroursodeoxycholic acid (6-fudca) - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by 6-fluoroursodeoxycholic acid (6-fudca) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2253593C CA2253593C CA002253593A CA2253593A CA2253593C CA 2253593 C CA2253593 C CA 2253593C CA 002253593 A CA002253593 A CA 002253593A CA 2253593 A CA2253593 A CA 2253593A CA 2253593 C CA2253593 C CA 2253593C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fudca
- colonic
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- mammal
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000112 colonic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 206010048832 Colon adenoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 208000003200 Adenoma Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UZVSRGJWSA-N ursodeoxycholic acid Chemical class C([C@H]1C[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UZVSRGJWSA-N 0.000 description 23
- RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3beta,5beta,7alpha)-3,7-Dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)CC2 RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229960001661 ursodiol Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 17
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- DGAKHGXRMXWHBX-ONEGZZNKSA-N Azoxymethane Chemical compound C\N=[N+](/C)[O-] DGAKHGXRMXWHBX-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMEROWZSTRWXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithocholsaeure Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)CC2 SMEROWZSTRWXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037062 Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- SMEROWZSTRWXGI-HVATVPOCSA-N lithocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 SMEROWZSTRWXGI-HVATVPOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034826 Genetic Predisposition to Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001790 Welch's t-test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003782 apoptosis assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002113 chemopreventative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001091 chenodeoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUDATBOHQWOJDD-BSWAIDMHSA-N chenodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 RUDATBOHQWOJDD-BSWAIDMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002634 lipophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1820296P | 1996-05-23 | 1996-05-23 | |
| US60/018,202 | 1996-05-23 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/002632 WO1997044043A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-05-22 | Prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by 6-fluoroursodeoxycholic acid (6-fudca) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2253593A1 CA2253593A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
| CA2253593C true CA2253593C (en) | 2008-07-08 |
Family
ID=21786767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002253593A Expired - Fee Related CA2253593C (en) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-05-22 | Prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by 6-fluoroursodeoxycholic acid (6-fudca) |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6426340B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0906106B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP2000510858A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE394107T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU3091597A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2253593C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69738667D1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2306459T3 (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT906106E (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997044043A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU758679B2 (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2003-03-27 | Seo Hong Yoo | Preparation of aqueous clear solution dosage forms with bile acids |
| WO2000007577A2 (de) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-17 | Wolfgang Stremmel | Phosphatidylcholin als arzneimittel mit schleimhautschützender wirkung |
| CZ20021076A3 (cs) * | 1999-09-28 | 2002-08-14 | Panacea Biotec Limited | Prostředky s kontrolovaným uvolňováním obsahující nimesulid |
| US7053076B2 (en) | 2001-08-29 | 2006-05-30 | Xenoport, Inc. | Bile-acid derived compounds for enhancing oral absorption and systemic bioavailability of drugs |
| WO2004042013A2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-21 | James Kaput | Identification of diet-regulated disease-associated genes |
| CA2674683A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-24 | The Burnham Institute For Medical Research | Compositions and methods for treatment of colorectal cancer |
| EP2255813A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-01 | The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | Derivatives of ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of diarrhoea |
| MX386489B (es) | 2010-11-04 | 2025-03-19 | Albireo Ab | Inhibidores de ibat para el tratamiento de enfermedades hepaticas. |
| KR20220082931A (ko) | 2014-06-25 | 2022-06-17 | 이에이 파마 가부시키가이샤 | 고형 제제 및 그의 착색 방지 또는 착색 감소 방법 |
| US10441605B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2019-10-15 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| US10786529B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2020-09-29 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| US10441604B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2019-10-15 | Albireo Ab | Cholestyramine pellets and methods for preparation thereof |
| CN111032019B (zh) | 2017-08-09 | 2022-07-05 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 考来烯胺颗粒、口服考来烯胺制剂及其用途 |
| US10793534B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2020-10-06 | Albireo Ab | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| ES2942443T3 (es) | 2018-06-05 | 2023-06-01 | Albireo Ab | Compuestos de benzotia(di)azepina y su uso como moduladores de ácidos biliares |
| PT3810581T (pt) | 2018-06-20 | 2025-03-05 | Albireo Ab | Modificações cristalinas de odevixibat |
| US11801226B2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2023-10-31 | Albireo Ab | Pharmaceutical formulation of odevixibat |
| GB201812382D0 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2018-09-12 | Nzp Uk Ltd | Compounds |
| US10722457B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-07-28 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| US11549878B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2023-01-10 | Albireo Ab | In vitro method for determining the adsorbing capacity of an insoluble adsorbant |
| US11007142B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2021-05-18 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| US10975045B2 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2021-04-13 | Aibireo AB | Benzothiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| PL3921028T3 (pl) | 2019-02-06 | 2023-02-13 | Albireo Ab | Związki benzotiadiazepinowe i ich zastosowanie jako modulatory kwasów żółciowych |
| US10941127B2 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2021-03-09 | Albireo Ab | Benzothiadiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| IL293379B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2025-12-01 | Albireo Ab | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| CA3158276A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Per-Goran Gillberg | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| CN114761080B (zh) | 2019-12-04 | 2024-07-23 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 苯并硫杂(二)氮杂环庚三烯化合物及其作为胆汁酸调节剂的用途 |
| US11014898B1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-05-25 | Albireo Ab | Benzothiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| EP4069247B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2025-03-26 | Albireo AB | Benzothiadiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| ES3002777T3 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2025-03-07 | Albireo Ab | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| EP4243831A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2023-09-20 | Albireo AB | Odevixibat for treating progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (pfic) |
| BR112023010799A2 (pt) | 2020-12-04 | 2023-10-03 | Albireo Ab | Compostos de benzotia(di)azepina e seus usos como moduladores de ácidos biliares |
| TW202313579A (zh) | 2021-06-03 | 2023-04-01 | 瑞典商艾爾比瑞歐公司 | 苯并噻(二)氮呯(benzothia(di)azepine)化合物及其作為膽酸調節劑之用途 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8825526D0 (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1988-12-07 | Enzymatix Ltd | Diagnosis |
| US5175320A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1992-12-29 | Giuliani S.P.A. | Fluorinated bile acid derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
| US5843929A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1998-12-01 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Chemoprevention of metachronous adenomatous colorectal polyps |
-
1997
- 1997-05-22 ES ES97925934T patent/ES2306459T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-22 AT AT97925934T patent/ATE394107T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-22 DE DE69738667T patent/DE69738667D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-22 EP EP97925934A patent/EP0906106B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-22 CA CA002253593A patent/CA2253593C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-22 PT PT97925934T patent/PT906106E/pt unknown
- 1997-05-22 WO PCT/EP1997/002632 patent/WO1997044043A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-22 JP JP09541562A patent/JP2000510858A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-22 AU AU30915/97A patent/AU3091597A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-10-06 US US09/684,585 patent/US6426340B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-11-02 JP JP2009252071A patent/JP2010059175A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997044043A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
| JP2000510858A (ja) | 2000-08-22 |
| AU3091597A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
| DE69738667D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
| CA2253593A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
| EP0906106B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
| ES2306459T3 (es) | 2008-11-01 |
| EP0906106A1 (en) | 1999-04-07 |
| PT906106E (pt) | 2008-08-07 |
| ATE394107T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| JP2010059175A (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
| US6426340B1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
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