CA2157916C - Method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution pipe systems - Google Patents
Method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution pipe systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2157916C CA2157916C CA002157916A CA2157916A CA2157916C CA 2157916 C CA2157916 C CA 2157916C CA 002157916 A CA002157916 A CA 002157916A CA 2157916 A CA2157916 A CA 2157916A CA 2157916 C CA2157916 C CA 2157916C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- scale
- acid
- pipe
- cleaning solution
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000295146 Gallionellaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 48
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrochloric Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940048842 sodium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Xylenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/08—Acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D7/3218—Alkanolamines or alkanolimines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/006—Arrangements or methods for cleaning or refurbishing water conduits
-
- C11D2111/20—
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US036,188 | 1979-05-04 | ||
| US08/036,188 US5360488A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1993-03-23 | Method of cleaning and maintaining water distribution pipe systems |
| US20995394A | 1994-03-17 | 1994-03-17 | |
| US209,953 | 1994-03-17 | ||
| PCT/US1994/003065 WO1994021865A1 (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-03-22 | Method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution pipe systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2157916A1 CA2157916A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
| CA2157916C true CA2157916C (en) | 2000-01-25 |
Family
ID=26712917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157916A Expired - Fee Related CA2157916C (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-03-22 | Method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution pipe systems |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0690944B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3597193B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE170583T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU673426B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR9406139A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2157916C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69413017T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1994021865A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995035419A1 (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1995-12-28 | H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated | Method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution pipe systems with a heated cleaning solution |
| US5755155A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-05-26 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Aseptic process interface group |
| JPH11141713A (ja) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-05-28 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa | 無菌弁組立体 |
| JP2002052322A (ja) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-19 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 洗浄方法 |
| JP4283098B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-04 | 2009-06-24 | 花王株式会社 | 金属成分の処理液 |
| JP5200326B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2013-06-05 | 栗田工業株式会社 | スケール洗浄剤及びスケール除去方法 |
| WO2016068525A1 (ko) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-05-06 | 이기원 | 스케일 제거 방법 |
| RU2594426C1 (ru) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-08-20 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и проектный институт по переработке газа" (АО "НИПИгазпереработка") | Способ очистки внутренней поверхности технологического оборудования и трубопроводов (варианты) |
| CA2969174A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-02 | Fluid Energy Group Ltd. | Novel modified acid compositions as alternatives to conventional acids in the oil and gas industry |
| DE202019003089U1 (de) * | 2019-07-24 | 2020-10-27 | Josef Schallameier | Entkalkung von unter Druck stehenden Rohrleitungen beliebiger Länge |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3667487A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1972-06-06 | Richardson Chem Cleaning Servi | Integrated chemical cleaning apparatus |
| US4025359A (en) * | 1974-04-01 | 1977-05-24 | Connelly Jr George F | Inhibited acid composition for cleaning water systems |
| DE3066305D1 (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1984-03-01 | Fischer Ag Georg | Method and apparatus for rinsing, cleaning, disinfecting and coating a conduit on the interior, especially a water conduit in a new construction |
| DE3244443C2 (de) * | 1982-12-01 | 1986-11-06 | Späne, Rainer, 7888 Rheinfelden | Verfahren zur Entfernung von eisen-, calcium- und manganhaltigen Verockerungen und/oder Versinterungen aus zur Wasserversorgung betriebenen Einrichtungen |
| EP0183894B1 (de) * | 1984-11-30 | 1991-07-24 | Feldmann-Chemie GmbH | Verwendung von Mischung aus organischen und/oder anorganischen Säuren und/oder sauren Salzen zur Entfernung von eisen- und manganhaltigen Ablagerungen und Verockerungen |
| FR2602571B1 (fr) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-02-03 | Assainissement Rationnel Pompa | Procede de nettoyage d'une conduite notamment d'un reseau de distribution d'eau potable et systeme pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| DE3631459A1 (de) * | 1986-09-16 | 1988-03-24 | Wegener Paul | Verfahren zum innenreinigen von verzweigten rohrleitungen und/oder aggregaten sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
| DE3731441A1 (de) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-23 | Imhof Elisabeth | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung, korrosionsbeseitigung, ggf. entkalkung und versiegelung von gebaeudewasserinstallationen |
| DE3828229A1 (de) * | 1988-08-19 | 1990-02-22 | Feldmann Chemie Gmbh | Mittel zur reinigung, desinfektion und wartung von trinkwasseranlagen und anlagen der getraenkeindustrie |
| DE4015201A1 (de) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-14 | Heimo Wessollek | Reiniger fuer trinkwasseranlagen |
| DE4015202A1 (de) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-14 | Heimo Wessollek | Reiniger fuer trinkwasseranlagen |
| US5322635A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1994-06-21 | H.E.R.C. Incorporated | Soap compositions of carboxylic acids and amines useful in removal and prevention of scale |
| DE4125315C2 (de) * | 1991-07-31 | 1995-09-28 | Oertzen Arndt H Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Rohrleitungen |
-
1994
- 1994-03-22 JP JP52131394A patent/JP3597193B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-22 WO PCT/US1994/003065 patent/WO1994021865A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-22 AT AT94912283T patent/ATE170583T1/de active
- 1994-03-22 DE DE69413017T patent/DE69413017T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-22 AU AU64903/94A patent/AU673426B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-03-22 CA CA002157916A patent/CA2157916C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-22 EP EP94912283A patent/EP0690944B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-22 BR BR9406139A patent/BR9406139A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3597193B2 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
| EP0690944B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| EP0690944A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
| WO1994021865A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
| AU673426B2 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
| DE69413017D1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
| JPH08509908A (ja) | 1996-10-22 |
| AU6490394A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
| CA2157916A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
| BR9406139A (pt) | 1996-01-30 |
| ATE170583T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
| DE69413017T2 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |