CA2117294A1 - Production of alkali metal carbonates - Google Patents
Production of alkali metal carbonatesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2117294A1 CA2117294A1 CA002117294A CA2117294A CA2117294A1 CA 2117294 A1 CA2117294 A1 CA 2117294A1 CA 002117294 A CA002117294 A CA 002117294A CA 2117294 A CA2117294 A CA 2117294A CA 2117294 A1 CA2117294 A1 CA 2117294A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- suspension
- alkali metal
- chloride
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 sodium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009621 Solvay process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 110
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 34
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 60
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 14
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- TYDSIOSLHQWFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylidenecyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1=C1CCCCC1 TYDSIOSLHQWFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000031 sodium sesquicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101100348017 Drosophila melanogaster Nazo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/02—Preparation by double decomposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/12—Preparation of carbonates from bicarbonates or bicarbonate-containing product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919125044A GB9125044D0 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1991-11-26 | Production of alkali metal carbonates |
| GB9125044.9 | 1991-11-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2117294A1 true CA2117294A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
Family
ID=10705210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002117294A Abandoned CA2117294A1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-25 | Production of alkali metal carbonates |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5562890A (en, 2012) |
| EP (1) | EP0614446B1 (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JP3373512B2 (en, 2012) |
| CN (1) | CN1043214C (en, 2012) |
| AU (1) | AU657376B2 (en, 2012) |
| BG (1) | BG61108B1 (en, 2012) |
| BR (1) | BR9206814A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA2117294A1 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE69221633T2 (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES2113441T3 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB9125044D0 (en, 2012) |
| IN (1) | IN181137B (en, 2012) |
| MX (1) | MX9206834A (en, 2012) |
| PL (1) | PL171692B1 (en, 2012) |
| RO (1) | RO110457B1 (en, 2012) |
| RU (1) | RU2099286C1 (en, 2012) |
| TR (1) | TR27087A (en, 2012) |
| UA (1) | UA41293C2 (en, 2012) |
| WO (1) | WO1993011071A1 (en, 2012) |
| ZA (1) | ZA929189B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6475458B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2002-11-05 | Airborne Industrial Minerals Inc. | Method for formulating food grade sodium bicarbonate |
| JP4767493B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-10 | 2011-09-07 | ライフスキャン・インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学セル |
| FR2831083B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-19 | 2004-08-20 | Solvay | Masse dessicative, procede pour son obtention et son utilisation |
| CN100460319C (zh) * | 2001-10-26 | 2009-02-11 | 骆天荣 | 氨络合液塔式蒸氨结晶制备碱式碳酸盐纳米粒子的方法与设备 |
| DE10240681A1 (de) | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-25 | Lafarge Roofing Components Gmbh & Co. Kg | First- oder Gratband |
| FR2855165B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-21 | 2005-07-08 | Solvay | Procede de fabrication de carbonate de sodium |
| US20090214408A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2009-08-27 | Greensols Australia Pty Ltd | Preparation and use of cationic halides, sequestration of carbon dioxide |
| WO2014104248A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 溶解塩類の回収方法、溶解塩類の回収装置及び塩化カルシウムの製造方法 |
| JP6159527B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-07-05 | オルガノ株式会社 | 炭酸水素ナトリウムの製造方法及び炭酸水素ナトリウムの製造装置 |
| JP6163326B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-11 | 2017-07-12 | オルガノ株式会社 | 溶解塩類の回収方法、溶解塩類の回収装置及び塩化カルシウムの製造方法 |
| WO2017137343A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Sustainable synthesis of carbamate compounds |
| KR102697676B1 (ko) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-08-22 | 탑에코에너지주식회사 | 난각을 이용한 아세트산칼슘 제조방법 |
| CN115353249B (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-02-03 | 山东金泽水业科技有限公司 | 二氧化碳固化回收高纯度碳酸氢钠的废水处理工艺 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2989370A (en) * | 1957-08-21 | 1961-06-20 | American Potash & Chem Corp | Production of potassium carbonate by anion exchange |
-
1991
- 1991-11-26 GB GB919125044A patent/GB9125044D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-11-25 EP EP92923918A patent/EP0614446B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 WO PCT/GB1992/002184 patent/WO1993011071A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-11-25 DE DE69221633T patent/DE69221633T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-25 PL PL92303918A patent/PL171692B1/pl unknown
- 1992-11-25 JP JP51151592A patent/JP3373512B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-25 RO RO94-00871A patent/RO110457B1/ro unknown
- 1992-11-25 US US08/244,360 patent/US5562890A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-25 CA CA002117294A patent/CA2117294A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-25 IN IN706MA1992 patent/IN181137B/en unknown
- 1992-11-25 ES ES92923918T patent/ES2113441T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 AU AU29517/92A patent/AU657376B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-11-25 RU RU9494030732A patent/RU2099286C1/ru active
- 1992-11-25 UA UA94005448A patent/UA41293C2/uk unknown
- 1992-11-25 BR BR9206814A patent/BR9206814A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-26 ZA ZA929189A patent/ZA929189B/xx unknown
- 1992-11-26 TR TR01151/92A patent/TR27087A/xx unknown
- 1992-11-26 MX MX9206834A patent/MX9206834A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-26 CN CN92114820A patent/CN1043214C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-26 BG BG98794A patent/BG61108B1/bg unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2113441T3 (es) | 1998-05-01 |
| CN1073662A (zh) | 1993-06-30 |
| UA41293C2 (uk) | 2001-09-17 |
| JP3373512B2 (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
| CN1043214C (zh) | 1999-05-05 |
| RU2099286C1 (ru) | 1997-12-20 |
| EP0614446A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
| WO1993011071A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| AU2951792A (en) | 1993-06-28 |
| JPH07507032A (ja) | 1995-08-03 |
| GB9125044D0 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
| EP0614446B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
| TR27087A (tr) | 1994-10-18 |
| DE69221633T2 (de) | 1998-02-26 |
| BG61108B1 (bg) | 1996-11-29 |
| PL171692B1 (pl) | 1997-06-30 |
| AU657376B2 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| RU94030732A (ru) | 1996-05-27 |
| BG98794A (bg) | 1995-05-31 |
| US5562890A (en) | 1996-10-08 |
| ZA929189B (en) | 1993-05-24 |
| RO110457B1 (ro) | 1996-01-30 |
| DE69221633D1 (de) | 1997-09-18 |
| MX9206834A (es) | 1994-05-31 |
| BR9206814A (pt) | 1995-10-31 |
| IN181137B (en, 2012) | 1998-04-25 |
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