CA1250445A - Foliar fertilizer for selective long-term application to leaves - Google Patents
Foliar fertilizer for selective long-term application to leavesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1250445A CA1250445A CA000480813A CA480813A CA1250445A CA 1250445 A CA1250445 A CA 1250445A CA 000480813 A CA000480813 A CA 000480813A CA 480813 A CA480813 A CA 480813A CA 1250445 A CA1250445 A CA 1250445A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- fertilizer
- foliar fertilizer
- acids
- foliar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to foliar fertilizers for se-lective long-term application to the leaves, containing macronutrients and/or micronutrients, characterized in that it contains buffer mixtures, as well as methods for the use of these foliar fertilizers.
The invention relates to foliar fertilizers for se-lective long-term application to the leaves, containing macronutrients and/or micronutrients, characterized in that it contains buffer mixtures, as well as methods for the use of these foliar fertilizers.
Description
The Inventlon relates to a follar fertlllzer as well as a process for selectlve long-term appllcatlon to leaves.
It Is kno~n that dlluted solutlons of mineral salts can 5 , be used by applylng them to the extraradlcal parts of plants as supplementary feedlng for these plants. Although the absorptlon of nutrlents through the leaves cannot replace absorptlon vla the roots, but only supplement It, It does make It posslble to qulckly and selectlvely supplement plant nutrlents.
One dlsadvantage of the method known Is, however, that the solutlons of mlneral salts applled have a toxlc effect from certaln concentratlons on slnce the varlous cultlvated plants dlsplay dlfferent tolerance llmlts for dlfferent concentratlons of salts.
Furthermore, It Is a known fact that too hlgh a concen-tratlon of H~ lons on the leaves, due for Instance to pollutants In the alr, can cause damage to the leaves and other parts of the plant of the klnd, for example, the publlc has become aware of as an envlronmental problem under the name of "acld ralnU.
The present Inventlon provldes a follar fertlllzer and a process for Its applIcatlon by whlch nutrlents speclflc to the cultlvated plant can be deposlted on the surface of extraradlcal plant parts, the solublllty thereof not to exceed the tolerance llmlt of the respectlve cultlvated plant whlle slmultaneously belng able to regulate a long-lastlng pH range tolerable for thls plant.
Accordlng to the present Inventlon there Is provlded a follar fertlllzer for selectlve long-term applIcatlon contalnlng macronutrlents and/or mlcronutrlents whlch also contalns buffer mlxtures havlng a useful pH range of from 1.0 to 8.0, and In whlch the nutrlents It contalns are at least one of carbon, oxygen, nltrogen, phosphorous, potasslum, magneslum, calc-~m, ~ ~ S
sulfur, Iron, man~anese, copper, zlnc, chlorlne, boron, molyb-denum, sodlum, slllcon, cobalt and alumlnum. Sultably, the buf-fer mlxtures are In the form of dlsperslons of sollds In water and/or non-aqueous solutlons. Preferably, the buffer mlxtures contaln compounds of low ~ 25~ 45 solubility in water.
: The present invention also provides a process for selective long-term application to leaves in which the above foliar fertilizers are used.
~ ~ - 2 -4 ~ 5 The foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention permit, in a way hitherto unachi~ved, selective long~term foliar feeding with simultaneous regulation of the pH range on the leaves. They therefore meet an urgent need in the field of en-vironmental protection.
In water and/or aqueous solvents the foliar fertilizers in ac-cordance with the inven-tion form solid dispersions of buffer mixtures that develop their effect by capturing hydrogen and/or hydroxide ions.
Their adherence to the leaves can be expediently obtained by very fine grinding and/or production of very fine deposits. In accordance with the invention they can additionally contain soluble and insoluble adhesive agents and subtances to influence the moisture, which means that their adhesiveness is increased and washing out due to surplus water is avoided while making use of small amounts of moisture.
Furthermore, the buffer character specific to the foliar fertil-izers in accordance with the invention permits reproducible reg-ulation of the tolerated pH range on the extraradical parts of plants, which is technically quite valuable~
With this huffer mechanism it is thus possible to provide the extraradical parts of plants with certain, selected nutrients in non--toxic concentrations for a long period of ti.me whenever there is natural or artificial rewetting by rain or sprinkling.
In addition, the designated buffer mixtures make it possible to blunt damaging H ion concentrations, occurring e.g. as the consequence of acid rain, so that tolerable pH values are arrived at for a long period of time.
y The nutrients contained in the foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention can be carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur,iron, manganese, copper, ~,chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodi~, silicon, cobalt and/or aluminum, preferably in bound form.
It has proved to be especially advantageous for these nutrients to be found in the form of hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, silicates, oxalates, borates, molybdates, salts of polymer acids, humic acids, amino acids, chelate formers, ligninsul-fonic acids, albumin fractions, aminic acids, saccharic acids, alginic acids,carbonic acid derivatives, caseinic acids, fatty acids, hydroxypolycarboxylic acids, their hydrogen compounds and mixed precipitates, thereby providing a re-versible supply of nutrients.
If a nutrient depot that is largely independent oF the H -ion concentration is desired, nutrients in the form of bound sulfates are used in accordance with the invention.
In the case of an irreversible supply of nutrients the nu-trients continue to be used in the form of their metals, oxides, urea derivatives or melamines or covered with or built into matrices of alkyd resins, polyacrylates, cellu-lose derivatives, synthetic polymers, waxes, sugars, gelatins, stearates, palmitates, oleates, fats, fatty alcohols, sulfur or paraffins.
The bufer mixtures in accordance with the invention are designated for a useful pH range of 1.0 to 8.0, preferably from 3.0 to 6Ø
They consist of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, oxalic acid, hydropolycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, amino acids as well as the neutral salts of these acids, preferably the salts of low solubili-ty in water.
Suitable salts are, in particular, their iron, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, ~, molybdenum, copper and manganese salts.
- The adhesiveness of the foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention can be increased by the addition of soluble or insoluble adhesive agents, of which, in particular, the following are to be mentioned:
Synthetic copolymers, acrylates, starch hydrolysis products, protein hydrolysis products, aminates, caseinates, cellulose, amino acids, gummi arabicum, wheat flour, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylalcoholates, cetylalcohol, latex, molasses, gelatin, polyglycols and sugar.
The regulation of the nutrient supply on the leaf can fur-thermore be surprisingly improved by adding substances that influence moisture to thefoliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention, for example impregnating substances such as oils, waxes, greases or silicones to reduce washing out due to surplus water, or humidifying substances such as tensides, glycols or collagen which permit utilization of low amounts of liquid.
Other advantageous additives to be mentioned are, finally, donors of H ions, examples being carboxylic acid, in par~
ticular ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or glyoxylic acid.
A special advantage is to be found in the fact that appli-cation of the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the in-vention can lessen damages to diseased woods caused by pollutants, prevent further progress and, together with measures for soil fertilizing and improvement, lead to vitalization for stabilization of the stands.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention also advantageously solves -the problem of how to prevent so-called apple stippling caused by a local calcium deficiency ~.7 ~
_g_ in the fruit, which is not possible by adding calcium viathe soil.
Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention can be used in an especially advantageous manner for site-specific foliar feeding in those cases in which the plant cannot take up any, or only an inadequate amount, of nutrients via the soil due to special local conditions such as unfavorable pH values of the soil.
Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention solves the problem of foliar feeding specific to the cultivated plant, namely when the respective crop places special demands on nutrition. For example, mention should be made here of foliar fertilizing in the culti-vation of maize where nutrient deficiency is widespread and occurs especially frequently when the plant is young.
In this connection what is involved is primarily a defic-iency of phosphorous, magnesium and ~i~, phenomena often referred to as cold chloroses. As a heat-loving plant, namely, maize is often unable to take up adequate amounts of nutrients from the soil in an unfavorable clima-te, which, however, can be more than completely made up for with no losses by application of the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention.
A few more possible applica-tions can be seen from the ex-amples.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention is manufactured in a way known as such, for example by mix-ing with each other the nutrients, the buffer mixture and additives in a device suitable for the respective type of treatment~ such as a rotary drum, a granulator or a fluid-izer, or by placing -them in a suitable device such as a rotary drum or granulator and adding the fertilizer to be r~P~ ~_ ~ 7 ~5~ S
influenced in the release of its nutrients in accordance with the invention in such a way that the fertilizer is coated with a complete and sufficiently even layer of the desired thickness.
The percentage of buffer mixtures can vary within wide limits in the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention.
The buffer mixtures are expediently used in concentrations o 10 to 90 percent by weight, preferably from 20 to 80 percent by weight.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention can be advantageously used in a mixture with agrochemicals.
The fertilizer is applied in a way known as such, for ex-ample by spraying.
The following examples describe foliar fertilizers in ac-cordance with the invention and/or their use.
41.4 percent magnesium carbonate by weight MgCO3 6.2 percent magnesium sulfate by weigh-t MgSO . 7H2O
It Is kno~n that dlluted solutlons of mineral salts can 5 , be used by applylng them to the extraradlcal parts of plants as supplementary feedlng for these plants. Although the absorptlon of nutrlents through the leaves cannot replace absorptlon vla the roots, but only supplement It, It does make It posslble to qulckly and selectlvely supplement plant nutrlents.
One dlsadvantage of the method known Is, however, that the solutlons of mlneral salts applled have a toxlc effect from certaln concentratlons on slnce the varlous cultlvated plants dlsplay dlfferent tolerance llmlts for dlfferent concentratlons of salts.
Furthermore, It Is a known fact that too hlgh a concen-tratlon of H~ lons on the leaves, due for Instance to pollutants In the alr, can cause damage to the leaves and other parts of the plant of the klnd, for example, the publlc has become aware of as an envlronmental problem under the name of "acld ralnU.
The present Inventlon provldes a follar fertlllzer and a process for Its applIcatlon by whlch nutrlents speclflc to the cultlvated plant can be deposlted on the surface of extraradlcal plant parts, the solublllty thereof not to exceed the tolerance llmlt of the respectlve cultlvated plant whlle slmultaneously belng able to regulate a long-lastlng pH range tolerable for thls plant.
Accordlng to the present Inventlon there Is provlded a follar fertlllzer for selectlve long-term applIcatlon contalnlng macronutrlents and/or mlcronutrlents whlch also contalns buffer mlxtures havlng a useful pH range of from 1.0 to 8.0, and In whlch the nutrlents It contalns are at least one of carbon, oxygen, nltrogen, phosphorous, potasslum, magneslum, calc-~m, ~ ~ S
sulfur, Iron, man~anese, copper, zlnc, chlorlne, boron, molyb-denum, sodlum, slllcon, cobalt and alumlnum. Sultably, the buf-fer mlxtures are In the form of dlsperslons of sollds In water and/or non-aqueous solutlons. Preferably, the buffer mlxtures contaln compounds of low ~ 25~ 45 solubility in water.
: The present invention also provides a process for selective long-term application to leaves in which the above foliar fertilizers are used.
~ ~ - 2 -4 ~ 5 The foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention permit, in a way hitherto unachi~ved, selective long~term foliar feeding with simultaneous regulation of the pH range on the leaves. They therefore meet an urgent need in the field of en-vironmental protection.
In water and/or aqueous solvents the foliar fertilizers in ac-cordance with the inven-tion form solid dispersions of buffer mixtures that develop their effect by capturing hydrogen and/or hydroxide ions.
Their adherence to the leaves can be expediently obtained by very fine grinding and/or production of very fine deposits. In accordance with the invention they can additionally contain soluble and insoluble adhesive agents and subtances to influence the moisture, which means that their adhesiveness is increased and washing out due to surplus water is avoided while making use of small amounts of moisture.
Furthermore, the buffer character specific to the foliar fertil-izers in accordance with the invention permits reproducible reg-ulation of the tolerated pH range on the extraradical parts of plants, which is technically quite valuable~
With this huffer mechanism it is thus possible to provide the extraradical parts of plants with certain, selected nutrients in non--toxic concentrations for a long period of ti.me whenever there is natural or artificial rewetting by rain or sprinkling.
In addition, the designated buffer mixtures make it possible to blunt damaging H ion concentrations, occurring e.g. as the consequence of acid rain, so that tolerable pH values are arrived at for a long period of time.
y The nutrients contained in the foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention can be carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur,iron, manganese, copper, ~,chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodi~, silicon, cobalt and/or aluminum, preferably in bound form.
It has proved to be especially advantageous for these nutrients to be found in the form of hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, silicates, oxalates, borates, molybdates, salts of polymer acids, humic acids, amino acids, chelate formers, ligninsul-fonic acids, albumin fractions, aminic acids, saccharic acids, alginic acids,carbonic acid derivatives, caseinic acids, fatty acids, hydroxypolycarboxylic acids, their hydrogen compounds and mixed precipitates, thereby providing a re-versible supply of nutrients.
If a nutrient depot that is largely independent oF the H -ion concentration is desired, nutrients in the form of bound sulfates are used in accordance with the invention.
In the case of an irreversible supply of nutrients the nu-trients continue to be used in the form of their metals, oxides, urea derivatives or melamines or covered with or built into matrices of alkyd resins, polyacrylates, cellu-lose derivatives, synthetic polymers, waxes, sugars, gelatins, stearates, palmitates, oleates, fats, fatty alcohols, sulfur or paraffins.
The bufer mixtures in accordance with the invention are designated for a useful pH range of 1.0 to 8.0, preferably from 3.0 to 6Ø
They consist of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, oxalic acid, hydropolycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, amino acids as well as the neutral salts of these acids, preferably the salts of low solubili-ty in water.
Suitable salts are, in particular, their iron, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, ~, molybdenum, copper and manganese salts.
- The adhesiveness of the foliar fertilizers in accordance with the invention can be increased by the addition of soluble or insoluble adhesive agents, of which, in particular, the following are to be mentioned:
Synthetic copolymers, acrylates, starch hydrolysis products, protein hydrolysis products, aminates, caseinates, cellulose, amino acids, gummi arabicum, wheat flour, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylalcoholates, cetylalcohol, latex, molasses, gelatin, polyglycols and sugar.
The regulation of the nutrient supply on the leaf can fur-thermore be surprisingly improved by adding substances that influence moisture to thefoliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention, for example impregnating substances such as oils, waxes, greases or silicones to reduce washing out due to surplus water, or humidifying substances such as tensides, glycols or collagen which permit utilization of low amounts of liquid.
Other advantageous additives to be mentioned are, finally, donors of H ions, examples being carboxylic acid, in par~
ticular ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or glyoxylic acid.
A special advantage is to be found in the fact that appli-cation of the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the in-vention can lessen damages to diseased woods caused by pollutants, prevent further progress and, together with measures for soil fertilizing and improvement, lead to vitalization for stabilization of the stands.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention also advantageously solves -the problem of how to prevent so-called apple stippling caused by a local calcium deficiency ~.7 ~
_g_ in the fruit, which is not possible by adding calcium viathe soil.
Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention can be used in an especially advantageous manner for site-specific foliar feeding in those cases in which the plant cannot take up any, or only an inadequate amount, of nutrients via the soil due to special local conditions such as unfavorable pH values of the soil.
Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention solves the problem of foliar feeding specific to the cultivated plant, namely when the respective crop places special demands on nutrition. For example, mention should be made here of foliar fertilizing in the culti-vation of maize where nutrient deficiency is widespread and occurs especially frequently when the plant is young.
In this connection what is involved is primarily a defic-iency of phosphorous, magnesium and ~i~, phenomena often referred to as cold chloroses. As a heat-loving plant, namely, maize is often unable to take up adequate amounts of nutrients from the soil in an unfavorable clima-te, which, however, can be more than completely made up for with no losses by application of the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention.
A few more possible applica-tions can be seen from the ex-amples.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention is manufactured in a way known as such, for example by mix-ing with each other the nutrients, the buffer mixture and additives in a device suitable for the respective type of treatment~ such as a rotary drum, a granulator or a fluid-izer, or by placing -them in a suitable device such as a rotary drum or granulator and adding the fertilizer to be r~P~ ~_ ~ 7 ~5~ S
influenced in the release of its nutrients in accordance with the invention in such a way that the fertilizer is coated with a complete and sufficiently even layer of the desired thickness.
The percentage of buffer mixtures can vary within wide limits in the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention.
The buffer mixtures are expediently used in concentrations o 10 to 90 percent by weight, preferably from 20 to 80 percent by weight.
The foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention can be advantageously used in a mixture with agrochemicals.
The fertilizer is applied in a way known as such, for ex-ample by spraying.
The following examples describe foliar fertilizers in ac-cordance with the invention and/or their use.
41.4 percent magnesium carbonate by weight MgCO3 6.2 percent magnesium sulfate by weigh-t MgSO . 7H2O
2.1 perdent calcium carbonate by weight CaCO3 1.4 percent dicalcium phosphate by weight CaHPO4 ~ 2H2O
15.0 percent glucose syrup bei weight 1.5 percent sodium benzoate by we.ight 4.0 percent potassium nitrate by weight 1.5 percent a-ttapulgite by weight 0.3 percent micronutrients by weight B,Cu, Co, Mn, Mo, Zn 26.6 percent water by weight in the form of their oxides or carbonates 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weigh-t FePO4 2 2 0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight FeSO4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weigh-t 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight O.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight 48.5 percent water by weight 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weight FePO4 2H2O
0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight 4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weight 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight 0.25 percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by weight 0.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight ,, 48.25 percent water by weight ~ ~2~ 5 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weight FePO4 2 0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight FeSO4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weight 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight 0.5 percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by weight 0.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight 48.0 percent water by weight ' EXAMPLE 5 29.0 percent iron phosphate by weigh-t FePO4 2 1.8 percent iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate by weight 10.0 percent glucose syrup by weight 0.5 percent sodium benzoate by weight 1.5 percent attapulgite by weight 57.2 percent water by weight 29.0 percent iron phosphate by weight 1.8 percent iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate by weight 10.0 percent glucose syrup by weight 0.5 percent sodium benzoate by weight 1.5 percent attapulgite by weight 0.7 percent glyoxylic acid by weight 56.5 percent wa-ter by weight /V
. ~ --' ~'" 1 EXA~lPLE 7 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on the assimilation surface and fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prlor to application on their leaves.
They were treated with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 1.
The equivalent of 6000 mg of magnesium/liter were applied to the leaves 14 days after potting.
They were harvested 24 days after potting.
The pH of the leaves was adjusted by wetting them for the value to be tested.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrien-t solution con-taining no magnesium were used as the substrate.
The following table shows the results obtained, from which the great decrease in chlorosis and great increase in fresh weight can be seen when compared with the untreated con-trol plants.
Foliar fertilizer External pH Intercostal chlorosis Fresh weight as per invention on leaf surface absolute*relative 9 %
-Composition as per Example 1 5.0 48 75 31.3113 2.0 45 70 31.9i16 Control 5.0 64 100 27.6100 (untreated) 2.0 65 101 26.3 95 * in ~ of total leaf surface ,:~
- ~4 ~ 5 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prior to application on their leaves.
They were treated with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 2.
The equivalent of 2000 mg of iron/liter were applied to the leaves 10 days after potting.
The plants were harvested 22 days after potting.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrient solution con-taining no iron were used as the substrate.
The following tab]e shows the results obtained, from which the great increase in fresh weight can be seen when com-pared with the untreated control plants.
Foliar fertilizer ~resh weight as per invention g %
-Composition as per 20.6100 Example 2 Control 19.8 96 (un-treated) ... ~ ~ '~
~æ
EX~MPLE 9 . . .
Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 8 was repeated using the foliar fertilizer in ac-cordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 3.
10 The findings can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fer-tilizer Fresh weight ' as per invention g %
Composition as per 23.0112 Example 3 Control 19.8 9G
(untreated) `~ /3 ~ S
_ ~;, _ ;
. .
Influence of pH-regulating applicativns of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 8 was repeated using the foliar fertilize.r in ac-cordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 9.
The findings can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g %
Composition as per 23.3113 Example 9 Control 19.8 96 (un-treated) _ ~;L, _ y ~Z~
Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prior to application on their leaves.
They were trea-ted with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 5.
The equivalent of 3000 mg of iron/liter were applied to the leaves 19 days after potting.
The plants were harvested 39 days after potting.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrient solution con-taining no iron were used as the substrate.
The following table shows the results obtained, from which the great increase in fresh weight can be seen when com-pared with the untreated control plants.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g Composition as per 48.8 110 Example 5 Control 44.5 100 (untreated) ,s ~2~ 5 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 11 was repeated using the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 6.
10 The findinss can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g %
.
Composition as per 54.0121 Example 6 Control 44.5100 (untreated) ~ - 19 -
15.0 percent glucose syrup bei weight 1.5 percent sodium benzoate by we.ight 4.0 percent potassium nitrate by weight 1.5 percent a-ttapulgite by weight 0.3 percent micronutrients by weight B,Cu, Co, Mn, Mo, Zn 26.6 percent water by weight in the form of their oxides or carbonates 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weigh-t FePO4 2 2 0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight FeSO4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weigh-t 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight O.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight 48.5 percent water by weight 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weight FePO4 2H2O
0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight 4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weight 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight 0.25 percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by weight 0.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight ,, 48.25 percent water by weight ~ ~2~ 5 24.1 percent iron phosphate by weight FePO4 2 0.3 percent iron sulfate by weight FeSO4 4.3 percent styrene-butadiene dispersion by weight 4.3 percent protein hydrolysis products by weight 15.6 percent glucose syrup by weight 1.3 percent attapulgite by weight 0.5 percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by weight 0.9 percent ammonium nitrate by weight 0.7 percent urea by weight 48.0 percent water by weight ' EXAMPLE 5 29.0 percent iron phosphate by weigh-t FePO4 2 1.8 percent iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate by weight 10.0 percent glucose syrup by weight 0.5 percent sodium benzoate by weight 1.5 percent attapulgite by weight 57.2 percent water by weight 29.0 percent iron phosphate by weight 1.8 percent iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate by weight 10.0 percent glucose syrup by weight 0.5 percent sodium benzoate by weight 1.5 percent attapulgite by weight 0.7 percent glyoxylic acid by weight 56.5 percent wa-ter by weight /V
. ~ --' ~'" 1 EXA~lPLE 7 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on the assimilation surface and fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prlor to application on their leaves.
They were treated with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 1.
The equivalent of 6000 mg of magnesium/liter were applied to the leaves 14 days after potting.
They were harvested 24 days after potting.
The pH of the leaves was adjusted by wetting them for the value to be tested.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrien-t solution con-taining no magnesium were used as the substrate.
The following table shows the results obtained, from which the great decrease in chlorosis and great increase in fresh weight can be seen when compared with the untreated con-trol plants.
Foliar fertilizer External pH Intercostal chlorosis Fresh weight as per invention on leaf surface absolute*relative 9 %
-Composition as per Example 1 5.0 48 75 31.3113 2.0 45 70 31.9i16 Control 5.0 64 100 27.6100 (untreated) 2.0 65 101 26.3 95 * in ~ of total leaf surface ,:~
- ~4 ~ 5 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prior to application on their leaves.
They were treated with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 2.
The equivalent of 2000 mg of iron/liter were applied to the leaves 10 days after potting.
The plants were harvested 22 days after potting.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrient solution con-taining no iron were used as the substrate.
The following tab]e shows the results obtained, from which the great increase in fresh weight can be seen when com-pared with the untreated control plants.
Foliar fertilizer ~resh weight as per invention g %
-Composition as per 20.6100 Example 2 Control 19.8 96 (un-treated) ... ~ ~ '~
~æ
EX~MPLE 9 . . .
Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 8 was repeated using the foliar fertilizer in ac-cordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 3.
10 The findings can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fer-tilizer Fresh weight ' as per invention g %
Composition as per 23.0112 Example 3 Control 19.8 9G
(untreated) `~ /3 ~ S
_ ~;, _ ;
. .
Influence of pH-regulating applicativns of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 8 was repeated using the foliar fertilize.r in ac-cordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 9.
The findings can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g %
Composition as per 23.3113 Example 9 Control 19.8 96 (un-treated) _ ~;L, _ y ~Z~
Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Plants were treated which received none of the tested nu-trient element while being raised prior to application on their leaves.
They were trea-ted with the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Example 5.
The equivalent of 3000 mg of iron/liter were applied to the leaves 19 days after potting.
The plants were harvested 39 days after potting.
The bush bean "Marona" was tested as the cultivated plant.
Polyurethane flakes with a store of nutrient solution con-taining no iron were used as the substrate.
The following table shows the results obtained, from which the great increase in fresh weight can be seen when com-pared with the untreated control plants.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g Composition as per 48.8 110 Example 5 Control 44.5 100 (untreated) ,s ~2~ 5 Influence of pH-regulating applications of slow release foliar fertilizer on fresh weight Example 11 was repeated using the foliar fertilizer in accordance with the invention and in accordance with Ex-ample 6.
10 The findinss can be seen from the following table.
Foliar fertilizer Fresh weight as per invention g %
.
Composition as per 54.0121 Example 6 Control 44.5100 (untreated) ~ - 19 -
Claims (45)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A foliar fertilizer for selective long-term appli-cation, containing macronutrients and/or micronutrients which also contains buffer mixtures having a useful pH range of from 1.0 to 8.0, and in which the nutrients it contains are at least one of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, mag-nesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt, and aluminum.
2. Foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, in which the buffer mixtures are in the form of dispersions of solids in water and/or non-aqueous solutions.
3. Foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, in which the buffer mixtures contain compounds of low solubility in water.
4. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the buffer mixtures have a useful pH range of from 3.0 to 6Ø
5. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, in which the nutrients are in bound form.
6. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 5, in which the nutrients are bound in the form of hydroxides, phos-phates, carbonates, silicates, oxalates, borates, molybdates, salts of polymer acids, humic acids, amino acids, chelate for-mers, ligninsulfonic acids, albumin fractions, amino acids, sac-charic acids, alginic acids, carbonic acid derivatives, caseinic acids, fatty acids, hydroxypolycarboxylic acids, their hydrogen compounds and mixed precipitates.
7. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 5, in which the nutrients are bound in the form of sulfates.
8. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 5. in which the nutrients are in the form of their metals, oxides, car-bon derivatives or melamines.
9. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 5, in which the nutrients are covered with or built into matrices of alkyd resins, polyacrylates, cellulose derivatives, synthetic polymers, waxes, sugars, gelatins, glycides, stearates, palmi-tates, oleates, fats, fatty alcohols, sulfur or paraffins.
10. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, in which the buffer mixtures consist of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, oxalic acid, hydropolycarboxylic acids, car-boxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, amino acids and the neutral salts of these acids.
11. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 10, in which the salts are of low solubllity in water.
12. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 10, in which the salts are iron, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, zinc, moly-bdenum, copper or manganese salts.
13. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, which contains additional adhesive agents.
14. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 13, which contains as adhesive agents at least one of synthetic cop-olymers, acrylates, starch hydrolysis products, protein hydroly-sis products, alginates, caselnates, cellulose, amino acids, gumml arabicum, wheat flour, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alco-holates, cetyl alcohol, latex, molasses, gelatin, polyglycols and sugar.
15. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, which contains additional substances to influence moisture.
16. A foliar fertilizer in accordance wlth Claim 15, which contains as substances to influence moisture at least one of oils, waxes, fats, silicons, surfactants, glycols and colla-gen.
17. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, which also contains an H-ion donor.
18. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 17, in which the H-ion donor is a carboxyli]c acid.
19. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 18, in which the carboxylic acid is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or glyoxylic acid.
20. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, which contains magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and starch hydrolysis products.
21. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 19, in which the starch hydrolysis product is glucose syrup.
22. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, which contains iron phosphates, a styrene-butadlene dispersion, protein hydrolysis products and starch hydrolysis products.
23. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 22, in which the starch hydrolysis product is glucose syrup.
24. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, adapted for the adjustment of tolerable H+-ion concentrations on extraradical plant parts.
25. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, adapted for the prevention of apple stripling.
26. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, adapted for the prevention of cold chloroses.
27. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, adapted for the prevention of cold chloroses in maize plants.
28. A foliar fertilizer in accordance with Claim 1, adapted for the prevention of damage to conifers and deciduous trees from acid rain.
29. A process for fertilizing plants, comprising apply-ing foliar fertilizers in accordance with Claim 1 to extraradical plant parts, wherein the flow of the nutrients is selectively postponed until artificial or natural wetting, and the pH value is regulated at the same time to lie within the range tolerated by the plant.
30. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the flow of nutrients are adjusted in the fertilizers, to the plants need for nutrients in such a way that over fertilizing is avoi-ded.
31. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which a single application is made for the complete development period of the plant.
32. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 2 or 3.
33. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 5.
34. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 6 or 7.
35. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 8 or 9.
36. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 10 or 11.
37. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 12 or 13.
38. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 14 or 15.
39. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 16 or 17.
40. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 18 or 19.
41. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 20 or 21.
42. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 22 or 23,
43. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 24 or 25.
44. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertlilzer is as in Claim 26 or 27.
45. A process in accordance with Claim 29, in which the fertilizer is as in Claim 28.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3417133A DE3417133A1 (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1984-05-07 | LEAF FERTILIZER FOR TARGETED LONG-TERM APPLICATION |
| DEP3417133.9 | 1984-05-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1250445A true CA1250445A (en) | 1989-02-28 |
Family
ID=6235344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480813A Expired CA1250445A (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1985-05-06 | Foliar fertilizer for selective long-term application to leaves |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0161395B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6136188A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN85103993A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU584082B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8502153A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1250445A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD232482A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3417133A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK194985A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI79091C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR851084B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU204245B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE851119L (en) |
| IL (1) | IL75057A (en) |
| MA (1) | MA20426A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ211961A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT80400B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1779236C (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1567119A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA853439B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6541421B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2003-04-01 | Alastair James Forsyth | Buffered phosphorus containing solution |
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| AU3290489A (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-16 | Bioplant Etablissement | Soil conditioner and leaf fertilizer |
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| US5582627A (en) | 1988-09-09 | 1996-12-10 | Yamashita; Thomas T. | Detoxification of soil |
| US5549729A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1996-08-27 | Yamashita; Thomas T. | Method and composition for promoting and controlling growth of plants |
| IL91513A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1993-07-08 | Yamashita Thomas T | Method of applying energy, carbon skeleton and nutrient materials to vegetation |
| US5797976A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1998-08-25 | Yamashita; Thomas T. | Method and composition for promoting and controlling growth of plants |
| DE69109239T2 (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1995-11-09 | Phosyn Plc | Trace element compositions. |
| BE1005468A3 (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-08-03 | Goffin Joseph Guislain | Method for increasing yield in maize and product foliar absorption for its implementation. |
| JPH06107488A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1994-04-19 | Koei Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Foliar surface spraying agent and treatment of plant |
| JP2809565B2 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1998-10-08 | 太平物産株式会社 | Soil conditioner composition containing sulfur and Humic Acids as active ingredients |
| CN1038502C (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1998-05-27 | 韩玉娥 | Nutritive plant leaf fertilizer |
| DE4323603C1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1994-09-01 | Mannesmann Ag | Use of a complex iron compound of ligninsulphonic acid |
| US5514200B1 (en) | 1994-02-07 | 1997-07-08 | Univ | Formulation of phosphorus fertilizer for plants |
| FI98518C (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 1997-07-10 | Kemira Agro Oy | Aqueous fertilizer suspension |
| US5618330A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-04-08 | Artozon Sylvester; Rosa I. | Plant treatment compositions and process |
| DE19722869C2 (en) * | 1997-05-31 | 1999-04-15 | Heiner Rogmann | Method of fertilizing a lawn |
| US6165245A (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-12-26 | Yamashita; Thomas T. | Foliar fertilizer and method for using the same |
| JP2000159591A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-06-13 | Masahiro Nagahama | Fertilizer composition containing vitamins, sulfur- containing amino acid and saccharide as organic substances |
| MY123201A (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2006-05-31 | Kao Corp | Plant-activating agent |
| ATE462299T1 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2010-04-15 | Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc | METHOD FOR PROTECTING WHEAT FROM MYCOTOXIN ATTACK |
| JP5137570B2 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2013-02-06 | 丸尾カルシウム株式会社 | Plant quality improver and method for producing the same |
| AU2006249875B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2012-08-02 | Plant Protectants, Llc | Dithiocarbamates and phosphite formulations |
| CN1300069C (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-02-14 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Coated slow releasing fertilizer and its prepn |
| CN102060592B (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 北京市农林科学院 | Peach tree foliage spraying fertilizer and growth period fertilization method for peach tree |
| WO2012129487A2 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | Paul Kucera | Fertilizer composition incorporating fibrous material for enhanced particle integrity |
| CN102627493A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-08-08 | 杨玉 | High-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103193545B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-09-16 | 万少侠 | Improve the nutritive medium of tree grafting growth surviving rate |
| CN105764873B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2023-08-15 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Agricultural liquid spreading agent |
| CN103804057B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-16 | 吴进才 | A kind of plant leaf surface sprays and production method thereof |
| CN104081957A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-10-08 | 郎溪县双明生态农业有限公司 | Ligustrun lucidum Ait seedling planting method |
| CN104311327A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 | Humate fertilizer |
| CN106242737A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-21 | 寿县知祝常乐水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of foliar fertilizer with rising inhibitory action |
| CN107746335A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-02 | 宿州市逢源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of the organic foliage fertilizer based on the antibacterial insecticidal action of Chinese medicine |
| CN108083899A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-29 | 雷笑天 | A kind of preparation method of long-acting type foliar fertilizer |
| CN109956794A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of nutrient solution of leaf vegetables trickle irrigation cultivation |
| US11286212B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2022-03-29 | Yamashita Thomas T | Foliar fertilizer compositions and methods for using same |
| CN109574750A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-05 | 河北萌帮水溶肥料股份有限公司 | Add the moderate-element foliar fertilizer of gum arabic |
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| GB741378A (en) * | 1952-03-17 | 1955-11-30 | Hans Adalbert Schweigart | Compositions enhancing plant growth, and processes for their production |
| FR1055421A (en) * | 1952-05-05 | 1954-02-18 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | New process for using fertilizers |
| US3131048A (en) * | 1960-05-02 | 1964-04-28 | Leslie L Balassa | Stable metal chelate preparations |
| BE612355A (en) * | 1961-01-05 | 1962-07-05 | Grace W R & Co | Fertilizer improvements. |
| GB1271575A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1972-04-19 | Galdonost Dynamics Nz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to fertilizer compositions |
| DE2217047A1 (en) * | 1972-04-08 | 1973-10-18 | Walter Schweikhard | Prevention of cracking of stone fruits after rain - - by wetting with a soln of foliar feed and wetting agent |
| JPS5329625B2 (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1978-08-22 | ||
| JPS5122576A (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1976-02-23 | Eiichi Enomoto | |
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| US4169716A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-10-02 | Ashmead H H | Synergistic metal proteinate plant hormone compositions |
| US4214888A (en) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-07-29 | Union Oil Company Of California | Foliar fertilization method and composition |
-
1984
- 1984-05-07 DE DE3417133A patent/DE3417133A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-02-15 EP EP85101675A patent/EP0161395B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-02-15 DE DE8585101675T patent/DE3587222D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-04-11 FI FI851445A patent/FI79091C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-01 DK DK194985A patent/DK194985A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-05-01 IL IL75057A patent/IL75057A/en unknown
- 1985-05-02 NZ NZ211961A patent/NZ211961A/en unknown
- 1985-05-03 AU AU41957/85A patent/AU584082B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-05 SU SU853885288A patent/SU1567119A3/en active
- 1985-05-06 MA MA20650A patent/MA20426A1/en unknown
- 1985-05-06 CA CA000480813A patent/CA1250445A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-06 IE IE851119A patent/IE851119L/en unknown
- 1985-05-06 GR GR851084A patent/GR851084B/el unknown
- 1985-05-06 DD DD85276045A patent/DD232482A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-06 HU HU851704A patent/HU204245B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-06 BR BR8502153A patent/BR8502153A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-07 JP JP9570885A patent/JPS6136188A/en active Pending
- 1985-05-07 PT PT80400A patent/PT80400B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-07 ZA ZA853439A patent/ZA853439B/en unknown
- 1985-05-23 CN CN198585103993A patent/CN85103993A/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-04-07 RU SU874202285A patent/RU1779236C/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6541421B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2003-04-01 | Alastair James Forsyth | Buffered phosphorus containing solution |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0161395A2 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
| NZ211961A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| RU1779236C (en) | 1992-11-30 |
| FI851445A0 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| MA20426A1 (en) | 1985-12-31 |
| FI79091C (en) | 1989-11-10 |
| GR851084B (en) | 1985-11-25 |
| ZA853439B (en) | 1985-12-24 |
| HU204245B (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| FI851445L (en) | 1985-11-08 |
| JPS6136188A (en) | 1986-02-20 |
| DK194985A (en) | 1985-11-08 |
| DK194985D0 (en) | 1985-05-01 |
| DE3587222D1 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
| SU1567119A3 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| BR8502153A (en) | 1986-01-07 |
| FI79091B (en) | 1989-07-31 |
| DD232482A5 (en) | 1986-01-29 |
| IL75057A0 (en) | 1985-09-29 |
| PT80400B (en) | 1987-08-19 |
| IL75057A (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| CN85103993A (en) | 1986-11-19 |
| EP0161395A3 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
| HUT37905A (en) | 1986-03-28 |
| DE3417133A1 (en) | 1985-11-07 |
| AU584082B2 (en) | 1989-05-18 |
| AU4195785A (en) | 1985-11-14 |
| EP0161395B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| IE851119L (en) | 1985-11-07 |
| PT80400A (en) | 1985-06-01 |
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