CA1153602A - Clamp for slab-shaped concrete elements - Google Patents
Clamp for slab-shaped concrete elementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1153602A CA1153602A CA000371366A CA371366A CA1153602A CA 1153602 A CA1153602 A CA 1153602A CA 000371366 A CA000371366 A CA 000371366A CA 371366 A CA371366 A CA 371366A CA 1153602 A CA1153602 A CA 1153602A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- clamp
- toggle linkage
- clamp according
- clamping
- arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
- B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
- B66C1/442—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces actuated by lifting force
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/52—Apparatus for laying individual preformed surfacing elements, e.g. kerbstones
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Magnetic Heads (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A clamp for handling slabs formed of an assembly of loose concrete blocks has jaws engaging opposite sides of the slab, one of the jaws forming the shorter arm of a lever providing substantial mechanical advantage, the longer arm being moved to a position in which it locks the jaw by almost straightening a toggle linkage. A lifting force may be applied to the clamp through the toggle linkage so as to generate clamping forces, and a latch may be provided to prevent the linkage from straightening, thus allowing the clamp to be lifted from a slab without clamping the slab. The clamp enables the slab to be clamped sufficiently powerfully to lock the blocks together.
A clamp for handling slabs formed of an assembly of loose concrete blocks has jaws engaging opposite sides of the slab, one of the jaws forming the shorter arm of a lever providing substantial mechanical advantage, the longer arm being moved to a position in which it locks the jaw by almost straightening a toggle linkage. A lifting force may be applied to the clamp through the toggle linkage so as to generate clamping forces, and a latch may be provided to prevent the linkage from straightening, thus allowing the clamp to be lifted from a slab without clamping the slab. The clamp enables the slab to be clamped sufficiently powerfully to lock the blocks together.
Description
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The invention relates to a clamp for slab-shaped structural elements, especially for laying units consisting of concrete paving stones placed loosely against one another, for picking up, transporting and putting down (laying) these with a cart-shaped laying appliance, in doing which the slab-shaped con-crete elements can be grasped by at least two clamping jaws which engage on opposing narrow upright side faces.
The invention relates to a special field of structural engineering or of civil engineering, namely the mechanical production of ground coverings made of concrete paving stones using a laying appliance.
The above-mentioned mechanised laying process operates on the basis of the use of laying units. These consist of a group of paving stones which are placed together in a relative arrangement corresponding to the finished paved surface, to form a slab shaped structure. The laying units are prefabri-cated at the factory, brought to the place of installation, and there grasped in succession by means of laying appliances and laid on a prepared bed.
The object of the invention is to provide a clamp for the transport and laying of laying units which consist of loose paving stones not connected to one another, said clamp being constructed simply by the use of exclusively mechanical means.
The invention provides a clamp for picking up, transporting and laying down units consisting of concrete paving stones or : .
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, , other slab-shaped structural elements comprising a frame, two clamping jaws connected to the frame and each having a lateral clamping surface and being movable relative to one another to a clamping position in which the clamping surfaces are vertically parallel to one another for engaging on opposite sides of the unit, a two-armed lever pivoted on the frame having a shorter load arm connected to one clamping jaw and a power arm many times longer than the load arm, and at least one toggle linkage connected to the frame and adapted to act on said power arm, the toggle linkage being movable almost to its fully extended position in the clamping position of the jaws.
The invention starts from the knowledge that loose concrete paving stones which are not connected to one another by webs or the like can only be held together to form a laying unit and laid if very high clamping forces are introduced from the sides into the laying unit by the clamping jaws of a clamp. In the inven~ion, these high clamping forces are generated, above all, by means of the toggle linkage or lever which acts on the long load arm of a two-armed lever with a clamping jaw, in such a way that, in the clamping position, the toggle lever has virtually reached the extended position, differing from this 180 position only by a few degrees of angle. As a result, during the last phase of the extending movement of the toggle lever, an extraordinarily high force is transmitted to the two-armed lever, or to the clamping jaw. The ..........................
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dimensions 7 or the shaping of the toggle lever ~ust beselected so that the actual extended position ~s not reached in the clamping position, for example even by arranging a suitable stop.
According to a further feature of the invention, the toggle lever is made longitudinally variable, so that adjustments are possible. Furthermore, a length-compensating element in the form of a highly loadable compression spring is built into the toggle lever.
The spring force is calculated so that the extended posi-tion of the toggle lever is not reached under a given load, but, on the other hand, loads causing deformations or fracturing of the toggle lever are compensated.
The clamp can also be designed in such a way that the two clamping jaws are loaded by a two-armed lever, the power arm being many times longer than the load arm.
In this case, the toggle lever is, in principle, designed symmetrically in respect of the central kinking point.
According to a further proposal of the invention, the toggle leveris stressedby the laying appliance itself, namely by lifting the (loaded) clamp. Consequently, a supporting member engages on the toggle lever, preferably in the region of the toggle-lever joint.
Further features of the invention relate to the constructive design of the clamp~ namely also with a special catch which-guarantees the opened position of the unloaded clamp. This locking of the clamp, or of the clamping jaws, is necessary to ensure that, after a laying unit has been put do~m, the (open) clamp can be lifted a~ .
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from the paving stones and, in -the open position, in order to pick up the next-following laying unit, can be delivered to the latter.
One exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 shows, in diagrammatic side view, a clamp for picking up laying units, Fig. 2 shows a graphic representation of the movements in opening and closing *he clamp according to-Fig. 1, Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 show; in side view, a detail (catch) of the clamp according to Fig. 1, in different positions of parts of said clamp.
The clamp 10 shown in Fig. 1 is intended for attachment to a laying appliance, for example, o~ the type in German Offenlegungsschrift 2,241,503. A jib 11, or the ~ree end of same, is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. A supporting element 12 designedas asimplelink-plateor made fork-shaped is mounted pivotably on the end o~ this jib 11. The clamp 10 is attached releasably, in a suitable way, to said supporting elementj in such a way that the clamp 10 is carried in a suspended manner by the jib 11.
The clamp 10 serves to grasp, carry and put down laying units 13. These are slab-shaped elements consisting of a plurality o~ concrete paving stones 14 i ~hich are placed loosely against one another. Spaces 15 :
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which are moulded laterally onto the concrete paving stones 14 guarantee a relative arrangement of the concrete paving stones 14 by means of conventional joints. The laying unit 13 can be designed in detail, for example, with the features of German Offenlegungsschrift 2,608,871, but without the concrete webs described therein, for con-nec-ting the paving stones to one another.
The clamp 10 shown here is equipped with two clamping jaws 16 and 17 lying opposite one another.
These grasp the laying unit 13 in the region of upright side faces 18 and 19 lying opposite one another.
Here, the clamping jaw 16 is arranged fixedly (for the clamping operation), whilst the opposing clamping -jaw 17 is movable for opening and closing the clamp 10 and for applying the clamping forces.
Here, the clamping jaw 17 constitutes the load arm 20 of a pivotably mounted, two-armed lever 21.
This load arm 20 is made relatively short, namely only insignificantly longer than the height dimension of the clamping jaw 17 itself. In contrast thereto, a power arm 22 is many times longer than the load arm 20. The lever 21 is angled in the region of its pivot 23, in such a way that, in the clamping position, the load arm 20 is arranged essentially upright, whilst the power arm 22 points outwards at an acute angle.
The clamping jaws 16 and 17,and the lever 21, are arranged on a supporting frame which is designed, in the present case, as a crossbar 24 which is central in respect of the laying unit 13. The clamping jaw 16 which runs : ' :
, " ~ 6 transversely to this crossbar 24 is arranged on the crossbar 24 adjustably, namely by means of releasable screws 25, for adaptation to different dimensions of the laying units 13, etc.
The lever 21, or the power arm 22 of same, is stressedby aspecial pressure member. This consists of a toggle lever 26 which is connected in a pivot bearing 27 to the free end of the lever 21~ The opposite end is fixed in a further pivot bearing ~8. In the exemplary embodiment illustra-ted, the latter is located in or on a bearing pedestal 29 which sits fixedly on the crossbar 24.
The toggle lever 26 consists of the toggle-lever arms 30 and 31. These are connected to one another in a toggle-lever joint 32. Here, the supporting element 12 of the laying appliance also engages on the clamp 10.
- By means of the toggle lever 26 the closing or clamping force is transmitted to the clamp 10, namely to the clamping jaw 17. In the opened position of the clamp 10 (positions shown by broken lines), the toggle-lever arms 30, 31 are pivoted downwards in respect of one another and consequently stand at a distinct angle to one another. At this time, the clamping jaw 17 is likewise - pivoted into an inclined position, whilst the power arm 22 stands essentially upright. The clamp lO is now "open".
A laying unit 13 can be introduced into the region between the clamping jaws 16, 17; or can be released at the place ' of installation.
To grasp the laying unit 13, the toggle lever 26 is moved out of the position shown by broken lines (kinked , 3lS3~
position), by lifting the clamp 10, into the extended position, or into a position which corresponds virtually to the extended position. The pivoting movement of the toggle-lever arms 30 and 31 is completed by an upward movement of the jib 11. By means of the pivoting movement of the lever 21 the clamping jaw 17 is pressed onto the laying unit 13. During the final phase of this movement of the toggle lever 26 into the extended position, that is to say, in the region directly adjacent to this extended position, extremely high clamping forces are exerted on the clamping jaw 17.
The individual phases of movement of the toggle lever 26 and of the clamp parts connected thereto are illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2. Here, the upper line represents the extreme position of the toggle lever 26, which always lies "underneath " the extended position, but differs from the latter only by a few degrees.
The toggle-lever arms 30, 31 are of unequal length. Furthermore, the longer toggle-lever arm 31 which faces the load arm 20 is designed in a special way.
The toggle-lever arm 31 is longitudinally variable by means of a telescopic construction. A rod 33 which leads J in the present case, to the toggle-lever joint 32 is mounted telescopically displaceably in a tube 34.
The projécting telescopic parts (rod 33, tube 34) are braced against one another by means of an elastic com-pensating member in the form of a highly loadable com-pression spring 35. This compression spring 35~
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designed as a helical spring~is braced, on the one side, on a stop 36 (screwed nut) of the rod 33 and, on the other side, on the front end of the tube 34. In the case of extremely high axial loads in thé region of the toggle-lever arm 31, the compression spring 35 is com-pressed in order to avoid deformation and destruction.
However, ~the spring force is selected so'that the "con-ventional" loads can be absorbed, without, for example, the toggle lever 26 being moved right into the exact extended position. The stop 36 is adjustable, so that a prestressing of the compression spring 35 can be varied.
The rod 33 which emerges from the tube 34 on the side lying opposite the compression spring 35 is anchored, at one end, against the front end of the tube 34 by means of a supporting screw 37. This engages on the front end of the tube 34. The tube 34 is connected, as part of the toggle-lever arm 31, to the lever 21 via the pivot bearing 27 attached on the outside. Furthermore, the tube34 is arranged displaceablyon the rod 33, that is to say9 it is held only by the compression spring 35 and supporting screw 37. The toggle-lever arm 31 and, consequently, the en-tire toggle lever 26 are thus also made longitudinally variable.' The clamp 10 is equipped with a special catch 38 which guarantees that position of the clamp 10 which is necessary for the operation in question. Details o~
this catch 38 are illustrated in Figs. 3 to 5.
~According to these, two interacting pawls 40, 41 adjusted to one another are mounted in a U-shaped holder 39, , ' ~36'1~
namely a (lower) locking pawl 40 and an upper adjusting pawl 41. The above-mentioned pawls 40 and 41 are mounted so that they can pivot and move in translation in the holder 39 designed as a housing. The (upper) adjusting pawl 41 is mounted by means of an angular hole 42 on a -transversely directed journal 43 attached to the holder 39. Likewise, the locking pawl 40 is located by means of an elongate hole 45 on a journal 44.
Furthermore, the locking pawl 40 and adjusting pawl 41 are coupled pivotably to one another by means of a con-necting pin 46. The relative position and design o~
the pawls 40, 41 is such tha-t, in certain positions, parts of them project laterally from the holder 39.
An actuating member in the form of a (rigid) extension 47 of the toggle lever 26, namely of the toggle-lever arm 30, beyond the toggle-lever joint 32 is : assigned to the catch 38. During the movements of the toggle lever 26 in a vertical plane, this extension 47 which is designed as a ~lat profile is moved laterally past the catch 38, namelypast theholder 39, in such a way that those parts of the pawls 40, 41 which project from the holder 3~ are stressed.
In the starting position according to Fig. 3, it is a question o~ fixing the opened position ~broken lines) of the clamp 10, when the latter is delivered, without load, to a laying unit 13 in order to pick it up. In this position, the extension 47 which naturally also executes the pi~oting movements of the toggle-lever arm ~0 is directed downwards and engages on the lmderside of a lug 48 ~15;36~2 o~ the locking pawl 40, said lug projecting from the holder 39. The locking pawl is thereby stressed to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction. A stop piece 49 of the locking pawl 40 is thereby brought to bear on a supporting wall 50 of the holder 39. The locking pawl 40, and its lug 48, are thus ~ixed in the position shown in Fig. 3. The extension 47 is held in the lower position. Despite loading by the jib ll, the toggle lever 26 cannot be moved into the position adjacent to the extended position and corresponding to the closing position of the clamp 10.
When, to pick up a laying unit, the clamp 10 is lowered onto the latter or onto a stack, the toggle lever 26 is thereby relieved, wi-th the result that the extension 47 is ~reed from the underside of the lug 48. The unloaded locking pawl 40 thereby executes, because of the weight distribution, a pivoting movement in an anti-- clockwise direction out o~ the position according to Fig. 3 into the position according to Fig. 4. At the same time~ the locking pawl 40 is lowered under its own weight, so that the journal 44 travels out o~ the lower position within the elongate hole 45 (Fig. 3) into the upper extrerne position (Fig. 4).
- I~ the clamp 10 is now li~ted by means of the Jib ll, the extension 47 can be moved past the locking pawl 40, and the lug 48, by moving the toggle lever 26 in the direction o~ the extended position. The adjusting pawl 41 which likewise projects beyond the holder 39 in - the starting position ~Fig. 3)is stressedby the extension ' " , ~3~2 47 moving further upwards and is thereby moved inwards, with simultaneous pivoting. In so doing, the adjusting pawl 41 passes out of the position according to Fig. 4 into the position according to Fig. 5. A downward movement of the adjusting pawl 41 thereupon takes place.
This movement is, in turn, transmitted via the connecting pin 46 to the locking pawl 40, with the result that the latter is moved into a position of readiness (Fig. 5) in which the lug 48 projects out of the holder 39 and into the path of movement of the extension 47.
.
When the laying unit 13 is put down on the under-lying ground (bed), the toggle lever 26 is moved into its kinking position by pressing by means of the jib 11.
In so doing, the extension 47 runs past the locking pawl ~0 located in the position according to Fig. 5. The catch 38 and the extension 47 are now in a position in which, when the clamp 10 is lifted again, the latter is locked in the opened position, as described (transition from the position according to Fig. 5 to the position according to Fig. 3).
Accordingly, the clamp 10 works automatically without manual involvement, solely by means of movemènts of the laying appliance which are to be effected from the operating handle of the laying appliance.
.
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' - . ' :
..
The invention relates to a clamp for slab-shaped structural elements, especially for laying units consisting of concrete paving stones placed loosely against one another, for picking up, transporting and putting down (laying) these with a cart-shaped laying appliance, in doing which the slab-shaped con-crete elements can be grasped by at least two clamping jaws which engage on opposing narrow upright side faces.
The invention relates to a special field of structural engineering or of civil engineering, namely the mechanical production of ground coverings made of concrete paving stones using a laying appliance.
The above-mentioned mechanised laying process operates on the basis of the use of laying units. These consist of a group of paving stones which are placed together in a relative arrangement corresponding to the finished paved surface, to form a slab shaped structure. The laying units are prefabri-cated at the factory, brought to the place of installation, and there grasped in succession by means of laying appliances and laid on a prepared bed.
The object of the invention is to provide a clamp for the transport and laying of laying units which consist of loose paving stones not connected to one another, said clamp being constructed simply by the use of exclusively mechanical means.
The invention provides a clamp for picking up, transporting and laying down units consisting of concrete paving stones or : .
,,:'` :
l5~
, , other slab-shaped structural elements comprising a frame, two clamping jaws connected to the frame and each having a lateral clamping surface and being movable relative to one another to a clamping position in which the clamping surfaces are vertically parallel to one another for engaging on opposite sides of the unit, a two-armed lever pivoted on the frame having a shorter load arm connected to one clamping jaw and a power arm many times longer than the load arm, and at least one toggle linkage connected to the frame and adapted to act on said power arm, the toggle linkage being movable almost to its fully extended position in the clamping position of the jaws.
The invention starts from the knowledge that loose concrete paving stones which are not connected to one another by webs or the like can only be held together to form a laying unit and laid if very high clamping forces are introduced from the sides into the laying unit by the clamping jaws of a clamp. In the inven~ion, these high clamping forces are generated, above all, by means of the toggle linkage or lever which acts on the long load arm of a two-armed lever with a clamping jaw, in such a way that, in the clamping position, the toggle lever has virtually reached the extended position, differing from this 180 position only by a few degrees of angle. As a result, during the last phase of the extending movement of the toggle lever, an extraordinarily high force is transmitted to the two-armed lever, or to the clamping jaw. The ..........................
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-~3~Z
dimensions 7 or the shaping of the toggle lever ~ust beselected so that the actual extended position ~s not reached in the clamping position, for example even by arranging a suitable stop.
According to a further feature of the invention, the toggle lever is made longitudinally variable, so that adjustments are possible. Furthermore, a length-compensating element in the form of a highly loadable compression spring is built into the toggle lever.
The spring force is calculated so that the extended posi-tion of the toggle lever is not reached under a given load, but, on the other hand, loads causing deformations or fracturing of the toggle lever are compensated.
The clamp can also be designed in such a way that the two clamping jaws are loaded by a two-armed lever, the power arm being many times longer than the load arm.
In this case, the toggle lever is, in principle, designed symmetrically in respect of the central kinking point.
According to a further proposal of the invention, the toggle leveris stressedby the laying appliance itself, namely by lifting the (loaded) clamp. Consequently, a supporting member engages on the toggle lever, preferably in the region of the toggle-lever joint.
Further features of the invention relate to the constructive design of the clamp~ namely also with a special catch which-guarantees the opened position of the unloaded clamp. This locking of the clamp, or of the clamping jaws, is necessary to ensure that, after a laying unit has been put do~m, the (open) clamp can be lifted a~ .
' ' ' ~ i ' 153l;~
from the paving stones and, in -the open position, in order to pick up the next-following laying unit, can be delivered to the latter.
One exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 shows, in diagrammatic side view, a clamp for picking up laying units, Fig. 2 shows a graphic representation of the movements in opening and closing *he clamp according to-Fig. 1, Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 show; in side view, a detail (catch) of the clamp according to Fig. 1, in different positions of parts of said clamp.
The clamp 10 shown in Fig. 1 is intended for attachment to a laying appliance, for example, o~ the type in German Offenlegungsschrift 2,241,503. A jib 11, or the ~ree end of same, is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. A supporting element 12 designedas asimplelink-plateor made fork-shaped is mounted pivotably on the end o~ this jib 11. The clamp 10 is attached releasably, in a suitable way, to said supporting elementj in such a way that the clamp 10 is carried in a suspended manner by the jib 11.
The clamp 10 serves to grasp, carry and put down laying units 13. These are slab-shaped elements consisting of a plurality o~ concrete paving stones 14 i ~hich are placed loosely against one another. Spaces 15 :
~5i3~
which are moulded laterally onto the concrete paving stones 14 guarantee a relative arrangement of the concrete paving stones 14 by means of conventional joints. The laying unit 13 can be designed in detail, for example, with the features of German Offenlegungsschrift 2,608,871, but without the concrete webs described therein, for con-nec-ting the paving stones to one another.
The clamp 10 shown here is equipped with two clamping jaws 16 and 17 lying opposite one another.
These grasp the laying unit 13 in the region of upright side faces 18 and 19 lying opposite one another.
Here, the clamping jaw 16 is arranged fixedly (for the clamping operation), whilst the opposing clamping -jaw 17 is movable for opening and closing the clamp 10 and for applying the clamping forces.
Here, the clamping jaw 17 constitutes the load arm 20 of a pivotably mounted, two-armed lever 21.
This load arm 20 is made relatively short, namely only insignificantly longer than the height dimension of the clamping jaw 17 itself. In contrast thereto, a power arm 22 is many times longer than the load arm 20. The lever 21 is angled in the region of its pivot 23, in such a way that, in the clamping position, the load arm 20 is arranged essentially upright, whilst the power arm 22 points outwards at an acute angle.
The clamping jaws 16 and 17,and the lever 21, are arranged on a supporting frame which is designed, in the present case, as a crossbar 24 which is central in respect of the laying unit 13. The clamping jaw 16 which runs : ' :
, " ~ 6 transversely to this crossbar 24 is arranged on the crossbar 24 adjustably, namely by means of releasable screws 25, for adaptation to different dimensions of the laying units 13, etc.
The lever 21, or the power arm 22 of same, is stressedby aspecial pressure member. This consists of a toggle lever 26 which is connected in a pivot bearing 27 to the free end of the lever 21~ The opposite end is fixed in a further pivot bearing ~8. In the exemplary embodiment illustra-ted, the latter is located in or on a bearing pedestal 29 which sits fixedly on the crossbar 24.
The toggle lever 26 consists of the toggle-lever arms 30 and 31. These are connected to one another in a toggle-lever joint 32. Here, the supporting element 12 of the laying appliance also engages on the clamp 10.
- By means of the toggle lever 26 the closing or clamping force is transmitted to the clamp 10, namely to the clamping jaw 17. In the opened position of the clamp 10 (positions shown by broken lines), the toggle-lever arms 30, 31 are pivoted downwards in respect of one another and consequently stand at a distinct angle to one another. At this time, the clamping jaw 17 is likewise - pivoted into an inclined position, whilst the power arm 22 stands essentially upright. The clamp lO is now "open".
A laying unit 13 can be introduced into the region between the clamping jaws 16, 17; or can be released at the place ' of installation.
To grasp the laying unit 13, the toggle lever 26 is moved out of the position shown by broken lines (kinked , 3lS3~
position), by lifting the clamp 10, into the extended position, or into a position which corresponds virtually to the extended position. The pivoting movement of the toggle-lever arms 30 and 31 is completed by an upward movement of the jib 11. By means of the pivoting movement of the lever 21 the clamping jaw 17 is pressed onto the laying unit 13. During the final phase of this movement of the toggle lever 26 into the extended position, that is to say, in the region directly adjacent to this extended position, extremely high clamping forces are exerted on the clamping jaw 17.
The individual phases of movement of the toggle lever 26 and of the clamp parts connected thereto are illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2. Here, the upper line represents the extreme position of the toggle lever 26, which always lies "underneath " the extended position, but differs from the latter only by a few degrees.
The toggle-lever arms 30, 31 are of unequal length. Furthermore, the longer toggle-lever arm 31 which faces the load arm 20 is designed in a special way.
The toggle-lever arm 31 is longitudinally variable by means of a telescopic construction. A rod 33 which leads J in the present case, to the toggle-lever joint 32 is mounted telescopically displaceably in a tube 34.
The projécting telescopic parts (rod 33, tube 34) are braced against one another by means of an elastic com-pensating member in the form of a highly loadable com-pression spring 35. This compression spring 35~
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designed as a helical spring~is braced, on the one side, on a stop 36 (screwed nut) of the rod 33 and, on the other side, on the front end of the tube 34. In the case of extremely high axial loads in thé region of the toggle-lever arm 31, the compression spring 35 is com-pressed in order to avoid deformation and destruction.
However, ~the spring force is selected so'that the "con-ventional" loads can be absorbed, without, for example, the toggle lever 26 being moved right into the exact extended position. The stop 36 is adjustable, so that a prestressing of the compression spring 35 can be varied.
The rod 33 which emerges from the tube 34 on the side lying opposite the compression spring 35 is anchored, at one end, against the front end of the tube 34 by means of a supporting screw 37. This engages on the front end of the tube 34. The tube 34 is connected, as part of the toggle-lever arm 31, to the lever 21 via the pivot bearing 27 attached on the outside. Furthermore, the tube34 is arranged displaceablyon the rod 33, that is to say9 it is held only by the compression spring 35 and supporting screw 37. The toggle-lever arm 31 and, consequently, the en-tire toggle lever 26 are thus also made longitudinally variable.' The clamp 10 is equipped with a special catch 38 which guarantees that position of the clamp 10 which is necessary for the operation in question. Details o~
this catch 38 are illustrated in Figs. 3 to 5.
~According to these, two interacting pawls 40, 41 adjusted to one another are mounted in a U-shaped holder 39, , ' ~36'1~
namely a (lower) locking pawl 40 and an upper adjusting pawl 41. The above-mentioned pawls 40 and 41 are mounted so that they can pivot and move in translation in the holder 39 designed as a housing. The (upper) adjusting pawl 41 is mounted by means of an angular hole 42 on a -transversely directed journal 43 attached to the holder 39. Likewise, the locking pawl 40 is located by means of an elongate hole 45 on a journal 44.
Furthermore, the locking pawl 40 and adjusting pawl 41 are coupled pivotably to one another by means of a con-necting pin 46. The relative position and design o~
the pawls 40, 41 is such tha-t, in certain positions, parts of them project laterally from the holder 39.
An actuating member in the form of a (rigid) extension 47 of the toggle lever 26, namely of the toggle-lever arm 30, beyond the toggle-lever joint 32 is : assigned to the catch 38. During the movements of the toggle lever 26 in a vertical plane, this extension 47 which is designed as a ~lat profile is moved laterally past the catch 38, namelypast theholder 39, in such a way that those parts of the pawls 40, 41 which project from the holder 3~ are stressed.
In the starting position according to Fig. 3, it is a question o~ fixing the opened position ~broken lines) of the clamp 10, when the latter is delivered, without load, to a laying unit 13 in order to pick it up. In this position, the extension 47 which naturally also executes the pi~oting movements of the toggle-lever arm ~0 is directed downwards and engages on the lmderside of a lug 48 ~15;36~2 o~ the locking pawl 40, said lug projecting from the holder 39. The locking pawl is thereby stressed to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction. A stop piece 49 of the locking pawl 40 is thereby brought to bear on a supporting wall 50 of the holder 39. The locking pawl 40, and its lug 48, are thus ~ixed in the position shown in Fig. 3. The extension 47 is held in the lower position. Despite loading by the jib ll, the toggle lever 26 cannot be moved into the position adjacent to the extended position and corresponding to the closing position of the clamp 10.
When, to pick up a laying unit, the clamp 10 is lowered onto the latter or onto a stack, the toggle lever 26 is thereby relieved, wi-th the result that the extension 47 is ~reed from the underside of the lug 48. The unloaded locking pawl 40 thereby executes, because of the weight distribution, a pivoting movement in an anti-- clockwise direction out o~ the position according to Fig. 3 into the position according to Fig. 4. At the same time~ the locking pawl 40 is lowered under its own weight, so that the journal 44 travels out o~ the lower position within the elongate hole 45 (Fig. 3) into the upper extrerne position (Fig. 4).
- I~ the clamp 10 is now li~ted by means of the Jib ll, the extension 47 can be moved past the locking pawl 40, and the lug 48, by moving the toggle lever 26 in the direction o~ the extended position. The adjusting pawl 41 which likewise projects beyond the holder 39 in - the starting position ~Fig. 3)is stressedby the extension ' " , ~3~2 47 moving further upwards and is thereby moved inwards, with simultaneous pivoting. In so doing, the adjusting pawl 41 passes out of the position according to Fig. 4 into the position according to Fig. 5. A downward movement of the adjusting pawl 41 thereupon takes place.
This movement is, in turn, transmitted via the connecting pin 46 to the locking pawl 40, with the result that the latter is moved into a position of readiness (Fig. 5) in which the lug 48 projects out of the holder 39 and into the path of movement of the extension 47.
.
When the laying unit 13 is put down on the under-lying ground (bed), the toggle lever 26 is moved into its kinking position by pressing by means of the jib 11.
In so doing, the extension 47 runs past the locking pawl ~0 located in the position according to Fig. 5. The catch 38 and the extension 47 are now in a position in which, when the clamp 10 is lifted again, the latter is locked in the opened position, as described (transition from the position according to Fig. 5 to the position according to Fig. 3).
Accordingly, the clamp 10 works automatically without manual involvement, solely by means of movemènts of the laying appliance which are to be effected from the operating handle of the laying appliance.
.
.
' - . ' :
..
Claims (14)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Clamp for picking up, transporting and laying down units consisting of concrete paving stones or other slab-shaped structural elements comprising a frame, two clamping jaws connected to the frame and each having a lateral clamping surface and being movable relative to one another to a clamping position in which the clamping surfaces are vertically parallel to one another for engaging on opposite sides of the unit, a two-armed lever pivoted on the frame having a shorter load arm connected to one clamping jaw and a power arm many times longer than the load arm, and at least one toggle linkage connected to the frame and adapted to act on said power arm, the toggle linkage being movable almost to its fully extended position in the clamping position of the jaws.
2. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which the toggle linkage has connected to it a supporting element whereby it can be moved into the clamping position by lifting the supporting element, the supporting element being connected adjacent the toggle linkage joint.
3. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which the toggle linkage comprises at least two telescopic parts which are braced ,-against one another by resilient pressure means.
4. Clamp according to Claim 3 in which the toggle linkage arms are of unequal length, the longer arm being connected to the power arm of the two-armed lever.
5. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which the effective length of the toggle linkage, or of at least one toggle linkage arm is adjustable.
6. Clamp according to Claim 3 in which a rod which is connected to the toggle linkage joint is mounted displaceably in a tube connected to the two-armed lever, the resilient pressure means being braced under prestress between an adjustable stop of the rod and an adjacent end face of the tube.
7. Clamp according to Claim 6 in which the rod projects out of the opposite end of the tube and engages on said opposite end through an adjustable supporting screw.
8. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which, in the clamping position, the load arm of the two-armed lever stands essentially upright, whereas the power arm is directed at an acute angle thereto.
9. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which the other clamping jaw is attached rigidly, but adjustably, to a crossbar which runs substantially centrally and transversely of the clamping jaws.
10. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which the end of the toggle linkage remote from the two-armed lever is mounted pivotably on the frame of the clamp.
11. Clamp according to Claim 9 in which the end of the toggle linkage remote from the two-armed lever is mounted pivotably on a pedestal upstanding from the crossbar.
12. Clamp according to Claim 1 in which, in an opening position, the clamp is locked against moving to the clamping position by means of a catch which can be unlocked by placing the clamp on a base surface.
13. Clamp according to Claim 12 in which the catch can be stressed by means of the movement of the toggle linkage or by an extension of one toggle arm thereof.
14. Clamp according to Claim 12 or 13 in which the catch has two pawls which are located pivotably on a holder and are adapted to lie in a predetermined sequence in the path of movement of the toggle linkage or of an extension thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803006652 DE3006652A1 (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1980-02-22 | CLAMP FOR PANEL-SHAPED CONCRETE ELEMENTS |
| DEP3006652.5 | 1980-02-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1153602A true CA1153602A (en) | 1983-09-13 |
Family
ID=6095291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000371366A Expired CA1153602A (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1981-02-20 | Clamp for slab-shaped concrete elements |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0035159B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS56161287A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE13703T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1153602A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3006652A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK76281A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES265248Y (en) |
| NO (1) | NO810518L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8300230A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-16 | Luymes & Bal Aanneming | PAVING METHOD AND GRAPER FOR USE IN THIS METHOD. |
| DE4206704A1 (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-09 | Siegfried Bolz | DEVICE FOR MANIPULATING HEAVY WORKPIECES |
| BE1013850A5 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-10-01 | Laurijssen B V B A | Device for laying paving. |
| CA2808983C (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2019-06-25 | Techo-Bloc Inc. | Transport apparatus and method for the transport, orientation and installation of a unit of paving blocks |
| CN107425465B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2024-04-23 | 国网冀北电力有限公司秦皇岛供电公司 | Single insulator hoisting device |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB783433A (en) * | 1954-10-11 | 1957-09-25 | Welding Ind Ltd | Improvements in load gripping devices |
| US2866660A (en) * | 1955-08-03 | 1958-12-30 | L A Spring & Wire Corp | Block-lifting grab |
| GB823664A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1959-11-18 | Uddeholms Ab | Improvements in lifting device |
| CH406978A (en) * | 1961-04-11 | 1966-01-31 | Moskopf Peter | Equipment for loading, unloading, stacking and transporting horizontally lying goods |
| FR1392875A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1965-03-19 | Handling and lifting device | |
| DE2853656C2 (en) * | 1978-12-13 | 1986-06-26 | Optimas Bauelemente u. Baugeräte GmbH, 2915 Saterland | Device for laying paving stones |
-
1980
- 1980-02-22 DE DE19803006652 patent/DE3006652A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-02-16 NO NO810518A patent/NO810518L/en unknown
- 1981-02-17 AT AT81101101T patent/ATE13703T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-17 EP EP81101101A patent/EP0035159B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-17 DE DE8181101101T patent/DE3170797D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-19 ES ES1981265248U patent/ES265248Y/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-20 DK DK76281A patent/DK76281A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-02-20 CA CA000371366A patent/CA1153602A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-21 JP JP2369681A patent/JPS56161287A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0035159A2 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
| DE3006652A1 (en) | 1981-08-27 |
| ES265248Y (en) | 1983-08-01 |
| NO810518L (en) | 1981-08-24 |
| ES265248U (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| ATE13703T1 (en) | 1985-06-15 |
| EP0035159A3 (en) | 1982-02-24 |
| EP0035159B1 (en) | 1985-06-05 |
| DK76281A (en) | 1981-08-23 |
| DE3170797D1 (en) | 1985-07-11 |
| JPS56161287A (en) | 1981-12-11 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |