CA1123576A - Alumina production by nitric acid extraction of clay - Google Patents
Alumina production by nitric acid extraction of clayInfo
- Publication number
- CA1123576A CA1123576A CA355,649A CA355649A CA1123576A CA 1123576 A CA1123576 A CA 1123576A CA 355649 A CA355649 A CA 355649A CA 1123576 A CA1123576 A CA 1123576A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum nitrate
- liquor
- nitric acid
- temperature
- bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)CCC1 XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- DLHTWZBWWPZUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3] DLHTWZBWWPZUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 115
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 98
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 36
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 25
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004690 nonahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 aluminum mononitrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000852483 Homo sapiens Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100036342 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N zolpidem Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC(C)=CN2C(CC(=O)N(C)C)=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/20—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from aluminous ores using acids or salts
- C01F7/24—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from aluminous ores using acids or salts with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/09—Reaction techniques
- Y10S423/16—Fluidization
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61,295 | 1979-07-27 | ||
| US06/061,295 US4246239A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1979-07-27 | Alumina production by nitric acid extraction of clay |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1123576A true CA1123576A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
Family
ID=22034859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA355,649A Expired CA1123576A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1980-07-07 | Alumina production by nitric acid extraction of clay |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4246239A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0032490A4 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS56500928A (enExample) |
| AR (1) | AR224901A1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1123576A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1981000400A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA804108B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4388280A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-06-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Extraction of aluminum from clay |
| DE3784324D1 (de) * | 1986-12-10 | 1993-04-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung und/oder umsatz von partikeln. |
| US5300273A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1994-04-05 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Process for producing a vapor mixture of titanium tetrachloride and aluminum trichloride |
| EP1122214B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2008-04-16 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process for the production of alumina |
| RU2202516C1 (ru) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-04-20 | Калиниченко Иван Иванович | Способ получения оксида алюминия |
| DE10323774A1 (de) * | 2003-05-26 | 2004-12-16 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Trocknung eines nass vermahlenen Zementrohmehls |
| AU2008276458A1 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-22 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Basic aluminum nitrate |
| RU2372290C1 (ru) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-11-10 | Институт химии и технологии редких элементов и минерального сырья им. И.В. Тананаева Кольского научного центра Российской академии наук (ИХТРЭМС КНЦ РАН) | Способ переработки нефелин-полевошпатового сырья |
| RU2480413C2 (ru) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Акрон" | Способ очистки от железа кислых растворов солей, содержащих нитрат алюминия |
| RU2664135C1 (ru) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-08-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт химии высокочистых веществ им. Г.Г. Девятых Российской академии наук (ИХВВ РАН) | Способ электрохимического получения порошков оксида алюминия |
| CN114314623A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种利用精制氯化铝溶液生产冶金级氧化铝的方法 |
| CN115490249B (zh) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-09-29 | 四川顺应动力电池材料有限公司 | 一种硝酸盐分步热解制备金属氧化物粉体及硝酸再生的方法及系统 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1792410A (en) * | 1931-02-10 | Max btjchnee | ||
| US1421804A (en) * | 1920-02-27 | 1922-07-04 | Labrador As | Process of removing iron from solutions containing aluminium |
| US1413754A (en) * | 1920-09-07 | 1922-04-25 | Labrador As | Process for the production of alumina from aluminium-nitrate solutions |
| US1444160A (en) * | 1921-11-17 | 1923-02-06 | Labrador As | Method for the precipitation of iron in aluminous solutions |
| US2019554A (en) * | 1932-07-19 | 1935-11-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Production of alumina |
| US2127504A (en) * | 1935-12-18 | 1938-08-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Alumina production |
| US2737445A (en) * | 1951-09-14 | 1956-03-06 | Nossen Ernest Samuel | Process for the thermal decomposition of metal nitrates |
| US3240561A (en) * | 1962-06-04 | 1966-03-15 | Reynolds Metals Co | Production of alumina |
| US3240562A (en) * | 1962-06-04 | 1966-03-15 | Reynolds Metals Co | Process for the production of alumina |
| US3383166A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1968-05-14 | Allied Chem | Process for producing iron-free aluminum nitrate solutions |
| US3415618A (en) * | 1968-03-12 | 1968-12-10 | Allied Chem | Process for producing high purity aluminum nitrate solutions from low grade aluminous ores of intermediate iron content |
| US3925538A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1975-12-09 | Reynolds Metals Co | Process for producing alumina monohydrate from basic aluminum nitrates |
| US3869543A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1975-03-04 | Little Inc A | Method for decomposing concentrated aqueous aluminum nitrate solutions |
| US3804598A (en) * | 1971-09-10 | 1974-04-16 | Reynolds Metals Co | Process for the crystallization of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate |
-
1979
- 1979-07-27 US US06/061,295 patent/US4246239A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-05-09 WO PCT/US1980/000555 patent/WO1981000400A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-05-09 JP JP50146780A patent/JPS56500928A/ja active Pending
- 1980-07-07 CA CA355,649A patent/CA1123576A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-08 ZA ZA00804108A patent/ZA804108B/xx unknown
- 1980-07-25 AR AR281917A patent/AR224901A1/es active
-
1981
- 1981-02-24 EP EP19800901244 patent/EP0032490A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4246239A (en) | 1981-01-20 |
| AR224901A1 (es) | 1982-01-29 |
| EP0032490A4 (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| JPS56500928A (enExample) | 1981-07-09 |
| EP0032490A1 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| WO1981000400A1 (en) | 1981-02-19 |
| ZA804108B (en) | 1981-09-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |