CA1096230A - Tubular cellulosic food casing - Google Patents
Tubular cellulosic food casingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096230A CA1096230A CA277,081A CA277081A CA1096230A CA 1096230 A CA1096230 A CA 1096230A CA 277081 A CA277081 A CA 277081A CA 1096230 A CA1096230 A CA 1096230A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- weight
- tubular
- casings
- propylene glycol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015244 frankfurter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015250 liver sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFGHRUCCKVYFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-2-piperazin-1-yl-7-pyridin-4-yl-5h-pyrimido[5,4-b]indole Chemical compound C1=C2NC=3C(OCC)=NC(N4CCNCC4)=NC=3C2=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 HFGHRUCCKVYFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150039167 Bex3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000288147 Meleagris gallopavo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001372564 Piona Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001237745 Salamis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002407 Solanum quitoense Species 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MILWSGRFEGYSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO MILWSGRFEGYSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095050 propylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015175 salami Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009491 slugging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C13/00—Sausage casings
- A22C13/0013—Chemical composition of synthetic sausage casings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US68624876A | 1976-05-13 | 1976-05-13 | |
| US686,248 | 1976-05-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096230A true CA1096230A (en) | 1981-02-24 |
Family
ID=24755548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,081A Expired CA1096230A (en) | 1976-05-13 | 1977-04-25 | Tubular cellulosic food casing |
Country Status (21)
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1096230A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1981-02-24 | David E. Ellis | Tubular cellulosic food casing |
| FI63661B (fi) * | 1976-10-15 | 1983-04-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Stort utan bloetning fyllbart cellulosahoelje foer foedoaemnen |
| FI780226A7 (fi) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-07-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Pao foerhand fuktat cellulosahoelje |
| CA1170494A (en) * | 1980-03-13 | 1984-07-10 | David E. Ellis | Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casing |
| DE3139481A1 (de) | 1981-10-03 | 1983-05-05 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Fuer zu raeuchernde lebensmittel, insbesondere fuer zu raeuchernde wurstwaren geeignete schlauchhuelle, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
| US4409251A (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-10-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casings |
| DE3228514A1 (de) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-02-02 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Leichtschaelbare wursthuelle mit einer klebenaht, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
| DE3240847A1 (de) * | 1982-11-05 | 1984-05-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Nahrungsmittelhuelle aus cellulosehydrat mit einer als langzeitfungicid wirkenden beschichtung |
| US4664861A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1987-05-12 | Teepak, Inc. | Method for making preserved, high moisture, ready-to-stuff food casings |
| US4874622A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-10-17 | Viskase Corporation | Spice-odor antimycotic containing cellulosic casing article |
| BE1000920A4 (fr) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-05-16 | Viskase Corp | Enveloppes pour produits alimentaires en matieres cellulosiques fibreuses du type a ebauche plane contenant un faible taux de plastifiant total. |
| DE10031045A1 (de) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-02-07 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Schlauchförmige Nahrungsmittelhülle |
| DE102010009852A1 (de) | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-08 | Kalle Gmbh | Antimikrobiell ausgerüstete Folien, Schwämme und Schwammtücher |
| EP2604121A1 (de) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | CaseTech GmbH | Lebensmittelhülle auf Basis von Cellulose mit fungizider Ausstattung sowie Verfahren zum Schutz von Lebensmittelhüllen auf Basis von Cellulose vor Schimmelbefall |
| DE102013014301B4 (de) | 2013-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Case Tech Gmbh | Lebensmittelhülle mit biozider Ausstattung und Verfahren zu deren Hestellung |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA902421A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | F. Turbak Albin | Inhibiting fungus growth on collagen sausage casings | |
| CA493644A (en) * | 1953-06-16 | British Canadian Casings (1952) Ltd. | Preserving and packing sausage casings | |
| DE499894C (de) * | 1928-10-13 | 1930-06-19 | Kalle & Co Akt Ges | Verfahren zum Aufziehen von Celluloseschlaeuchen fuer Wursthuellen auf Staebe |
| DE566121C (de) * | 1931-04-30 | 1932-12-10 | Kalle & Co Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Kunstdaermen aus regenerierter Cellulose |
| US1886203A (en) * | 1931-06-16 | 1932-11-01 | Lavoie Alexis | Animal trap |
| US3202514A (en) * | 1963-07-15 | 1965-08-24 | Gen Foods Corp | Animal food and method of making the same |
| NL130708C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1963-06-14 | |||
| USRE28281E (en) * | 1965-11-22 | 1974-12-24 | Method op coating the interior op a sausage casing | |
| US3809576A (en) * | 1967-05-10 | 1974-05-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Method and apparatus for moisturizing shirred casing sticks |
| US3617312A (en) * | 1968-07-18 | 1971-11-02 | Tee Pak Inc | Antimycotic overcoating treatment of cellulose sausage casing |
| US3884270A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1975-05-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for producing flexible regenerated cellulosic tubing and the tubing obtained therefrom |
| US3981046A (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1976-09-21 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for production of shirred moisturized food casings |
| US3886979A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1975-06-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Shirred tubular food casings having a barrier coating |
| CA1096230A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1981-02-24 | David E. Ellis | Tubular cellulosic food casing |
| US4409251A (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-10-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casings |
-
1977
- 1977-04-25 CA CA277,081A patent/CA1096230A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-12 MX MX775733U patent/MX4462E/es unknown
- 1977-05-12 FR FR7714569A patent/FR2351025A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-05-12 GB GB19922/77A patent/GB1584435A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-12 AT AT0340677A patent/AT363770B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-12 DK DK209077AA patent/DK152682C/da active
- 1977-05-12 ES ES458739A patent/ES458739A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-05-12 IT IT23492/77A patent/IT1085136B/it active
- 1977-05-12 AR AR267602A patent/AR216764A1/es active
- 1977-05-12 JP JP5379677A patent/JPS52139578A/ja active Granted
- 1977-05-12 IE IE973/77A patent/IE45499B1/en unknown
- 1977-05-12 ZA ZA00772841A patent/ZA772841B/xx unknown
- 1977-05-12 FI FI771505A patent/FI62757C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-12 NO NO771681A patent/NO152991C/no unknown
- 1977-05-12 AU AU25095/77A patent/AU522188B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-12 DE DE2721427A patent/DE2721427C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-05-12 CH CH596777A patent/CH616565A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-12 NZ NZ184083A patent/NZ184083A/xx unknown
- 1977-05-12 SE SE7705586A patent/SE432863C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-12 BE BE177523A patent/BE854566A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-12 NL NLAANVRAGE7705274,A patent/NL181277C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-10-03 CH CH891779A patent/CH618325A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |