CA1087776A - Stable dispersion of positively charged polyfluorocarbon resin particles and process for preparing the same - Google Patents
Stable dispersion of positively charged polyfluorocarbon resin particles and process for preparing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1087776A CA1087776A CA262,585A CA262585A CA1087776A CA 1087776 A CA1087776 A CA 1087776A CA 262585 A CA262585 A CA 262585A CA 1087776 A CA1087776 A CA 1087776A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluorocarbon
- surface active
- nonionic
- particles
- dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- -1 fluorocarbon compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920006358 Fluon Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YRGZRQQDHPUQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[1,1,1,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)hex-2-en-2-yl]oxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 YRGZRQQDHPUQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JQGGAELIYHNDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nic 12 Natural products CC(C=CC(=O)C)c1ccc2C3C4OC4C5(O)CC=CC(=O)C5(C)C3CCc2c1 JQGGAELIYHNDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
- C09D5/4407—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications with polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S524/901—Electrodepositable compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLAANVRAGE7511701,A NL176436C (nl) | 1975-10-04 | 1975-10-04 | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van positief geladen, stabiele suspensies van polyfluorkoolstofverbindingen. |
| NL7511701 | 1975-10-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1087776A true CA1087776A (en) | 1980-10-14 |
Family
ID=19824594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA262,585A Expired CA1087776A (en) | 1975-10-04 | 1976-10-04 | Stable dispersion of positively charged polyfluorocarbon resin particles and process for preparing the same |
Country Status (22)
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2908001C2 (de) * | 1979-03-01 | 1981-02-19 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung konzentrierter Dispersionen von Fluorpolymeren |
| US6306466B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 | 2001-10-23 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilizers for composite electroless plating |
| US5300330A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1994-04-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilized composite electroless plating compositions |
| US5145517A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1992-09-08 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US5165993A (en) * | 1983-07-04 | 1992-11-24 | Akzo N.V. | Aromatic polyamide yarn impregnated with lubricating particles, a process for the manufacture of such a yarn, and packing material or rope containing this yarn |
| US4830889A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-05-16 | Wear-Cote International, Inc. | Co-deposition of fluorinated carbon with electroless nickel |
| US5197962A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1993-03-30 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Composite electrosurgical medical instrument |
| US5218031A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-06-08 | Man-Gill Chemical Company | Aqueous coating compositions, process and coated substrates |
| JP2615284B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-19 | 1997-05-28 | 三菱重工業 株式会社 | アルミニウム複合品の製造方法 |
| US5389229A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-02-14 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Prestabilization of particulate matter prior to their dispersion |
| JP2814911B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-14 | 1998-10-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 弗素樹脂塗料組成物 |
| JP2829706B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-11 | 1998-12-02 | 三井・デュポンフロロケミカル株式会社 | フルオロポリマー水性エマルジョン及びその製造方法 |
| US5721055A (en) * | 1995-01-03 | 1998-02-24 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Lubricated textile spinning machinery parts |
| JP4556251B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-17 | 2010-10-06 | Ｄｉｃ株式会社 | 被覆用組成物 |
| JP3687722B2 (ja) | 1999-01-12 | 2005-08-24 | 上村工業株式会社 | 無電解複合めっき液及び無電解複合めっき方法 |
| EP1352108A4 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2006-11-29 | Mccomas Technologies Ag | COATING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING NICKEL, BORON AND PARTICLES |
| JP4017988B2 (ja) | 2001-05-14 | 2007-12-05 | オムノバ ソリューソンズ インコーポレーティッド | ペンダントフッ素化炭素基を有する環状モノマー由来のポリマー界面活性剤 |
| US6660828B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2003-12-09 | Omnova Solutions Inc. | Fluorinated short carbon atom side chain and polar group containing polymer, and flow, or leveling, or wetting agents thereof |
| US7149393B2 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2006-12-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus and method for forming a fiber optic faceplate |
| US6837923B2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2005-01-04 | David Crotty | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion for electroless nickel plating applications |
| JP4391440B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-05 | 2009-12-24 | ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソン株式会社 | バイポーラピンセット |
| US20060251910A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Lancsek Thomas S | Composite electroless plating |
| US20090011136A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-01-08 | Thomas Steven Lancsek | Composite electroless plating |
| US20070184271A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-09 | Feldstein Michael D | Coated textile machinery parts |
| US20070196642A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Feldstein Michael D | Coating for biological rejuvenation |
| ES2363107T3 (es) | 2008-03-07 | 2011-07-20 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Empleo de polímeros para la modificación de la carga superficial de partículas sólidas. |
| WO2016062880A2 (de) | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Basf Se | Nicht-ampholytische, quaternierbare und wasserlösliche polymere zur modifikation der oberflächenladung fester teilchen |
| WO2020197485A1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-10-01 | Agc Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. | Composition comprising fluororesin and methods of producing the composition and a fluororesin dispersion |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2559752A (en) * | 1951-03-06 | 1951-07-10 | Du Pont | Aqueous colloidal dispersions of polymers |
| US3677907A (en) * | 1969-06-19 | 1972-07-18 | Udylite Corp | Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles |
| FR2125752A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1971-02-19 | 1972-09-29 | Ugine Kuhlmann | |
| US3692727A (en) * | 1971-05-14 | 1972-09-19 | Pennwalt Corp | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion coatings containing ammonium chromate or ammonium chromate-ammonium phosphate mixture |
| US3787294A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1974-01-22 | S Kurosaki | Process for producing a solid lubricant self-supplying-type co-deposited metal film |
| NL148957B (nl) | 1972-03-20 | 1976-03-15 | Akzo Nv | Werkwijze voor het langs elektrolytische weg aanbrengen van een metaaldeklaag, waarin kunststofdeeltjes zijn opgenomen. |
| GB1366823A (en) | 1972-04-07 | 1974-09-11 | Uemura Kogyo Kk | Metal plating process |
-
1975
- 1975-10-04 NL NLAANVRAGE7511701,A patent/NL176436C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-09-21 ZA ZA765658A patent/ZA765658B/xx unknown
- 1976-09-27 AU AU18131/76A patent/AU501770B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-28 CH CH1224176A patent/CH622815A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-29 IT IT27802/76A patent/IT1068300B/it active
- 1976-09-29 AT AT721876A patent/AT346587B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-30 DE DE2644152A patent/DE2644152C3/de not_active Expired
- 1976-09-30 IL IL50591A patent/IL50591A/xx unknown
- 1976-10-01 BR BR7606601A patent/BR7606601A/pt unknown
- 1976-10-01 DK DK443076A patent/DK152511C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-01 SE SE7610904D patent/SE7610904L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-10-01 PL PL1976192808A patent/PL104604B1/pl unknown
- 1976-10-01 SE SE7610904A patent/SE413317B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-02 DD DD195123A patent/DD126566A5/xx unknown
- 1976-10-02 ES ES452082A patent/ES452082A1/es not_active Expired
- 1976-10-04 GB GB41113/76A patent/GB1525158A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-04 LU LU75931A patent/LU75931A1/xx unknown
- 1976-10-04 IE IE2182/76A patent/IE43738B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-04 BE BE171204A patent/BE846905A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-04 FR FR7629738A patent/FR2326447A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-10-04 CA CA262,585A patent/CA1087776A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-04 JP JP51119234A patent/JPS5256147A/ja active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-03-10 US US05/885,332 patent/US4302374A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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