CA1078627A - Method for continuously refining contaminated copper in the molten phase - Google Patents
Method for continuously refining contaminated copper in the molten phaseInfo
- Publication number
- CA1078627A CA1078627A CA253,063A CA253063A CA1078627A CA 1078627 A CA1078627 A CA 1078627A CA 253063 A CA253063 A CA 253063A CA 1078627 A CA1078627 A CA 1078627A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- bath
- molten
- metal
- jet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/005—Smelting or converting in a succession of furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for continuously refining copper in the molten phase. The molten copper is passed, in a treatment area, through a plurality of reaction zones, in counterflow to the heating gases, and thus freed of impurities. The final reaction zone, in the direction of flow of the molten metal, is supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in less than stoichio-metric amount. The combustion of the primary gas, in the absence of oxygen, produces a reducing heating gas, and in the zones before the final reaction zone, afterburning is brought about of the still unburned fuel carried along with the heating gas by an additional supply of an oxygen-containing secondary gas. The supply of at least the secondary gas is effected in a manner such that it is first brought into reactive contact with the molten phase of the bath of metal, thus effecting a definite transfer of substances into the metal bath. Thereafter the secondary gas is caused to burn with the heating gas.
,
A method for continuously refining copper in the molten phase. The molten copper is passed, in a treatment area, through a plurality of reaction zones, in counterflow to the heating gases, and thus freed of impurities. The final reaction zone, in the direction of flow of the molten metal, is supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in less than stoichio-metric amount. The combustion of the primary gas, in the absence of oxygen, produces a reducing heating gas, and in the zones before the final reaction zone, afterburning is brought about of the still unburned fuel carried along with the heating gas by an additional supply of an oxygen-containing secondary gas. The supply of at least the secondary gas is effected in a manner such that it is first brought into reactive contact with the molten phase of the bath of metal, thus effecting a definite transfer of substances into the metal bath. Thereafter the secondary gas is caused to burn with the heating gas.
,
Description
~7~ 7 This invention relates to a method for continuously refining contaminated copper in the molten phase.
German Patent 2,061,388, discloses a process in which the molten copper is passed, in a ~reatment area, through a plu-rality of reaction zones in counterflow to the heating gases, and is thus freed of impurities. As a result, the final reaction zone (in the direction of travel of the molten metal) is supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in a ratio less than stoichiometric, its combustion, in the absence of oxygen, producing a reducing heating gas and in the zones before the final reaction zone, afterburning of the unburned fuel carried along with the heating gas is effected by an additional supply of oxygen-containing secondary gas, Patent 2,061,388 thus provides an efficient, continuous process for refining copper in the molten phase.
The technical and economic advantage achieved by this method is an inducement to further improvement by providing auto-matic control. This has been delayed by the dif~iculty of achiev-ing accurate and at least quantitative control of the heat-exchange in the gas-phaselmolten-metal reaction mechanism.
To make this control of the reaction mechanism possible - it is essential to achieve and maintain controllable and repro-ducible convection-e~change and material-exchange ratios, adapted to the individual situation, between the reaction gas and the molten copper/slag phase. ; ' It is therefore an aim of the invention to improve the -~
copper-refining method of Germa~ Patent 2 ,061!388 ~ from both the qualitative and quantitative points of view, through controllable reaction patterns.
To this end, the invention proposes that the supply of at least the secondary gas be carried out in a manner such that it is first brought into contact with the molten phase of the metal bath, as a reaction yas, thus effecting a definite material .
7~"'27 exchange into the metal bath9 and is only then used for com-bustion with the heating gas.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a method for continuously refining copper in the molten phase, in which the molten copper i~ passed~ in a treatment area, through a plurality of reaction zones, in counter~low to the heating gases, and thus ~reed of impuritie~, the final reaction zone, in the direction of flow of the molten metal, being supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in less -than stoichiometric amount, the combustion of which~ in theab~ence of oxygen, produces a reducing heating gas 9 and in the zones before the final reaction zone9 aterburning is brought ; about of the still unburned fuel carried along with the heating ga~ by an additional supply of an oxygen-containing secondary ga~, in which the supply of at least the secondary ga~ is effected in a manner such that it i~ fir~t brought into reactive contact with the molten phase of the bath of metal, thus effecting a definite material exchange into the metal bath, and is only t~lereafter caused to burn ~ ~h the heatin~ gas.
According to one particularly effective step, the secondary gas is blown suhstantially vertically, in the form of at least one powerful jet of ga~ channeled through an accelerat-ing nozzlej onto the sub~tantially free surface of the bath, thus e~fecting a definite material exch~nge from the gas to the ~aid bath, before th~ secondary ga9 is burned with the fuel-containing heating ga~
This ~tep is hig~ly ~igni~icant in that the ~et o~
ga3 pushes a3ide the floating layer of ~la~ and is thus brou~h~
into forced contact, at a controllable flow rate~ wit~ the metal. A3 a result, rapid and thus controllable material .
German Patent 2,061,388, discloses a process in which the molten copper is passed, in a ~reatment area, through a plu-rality of reaction zones in counterflow to the heating gases, and is thus freed of impurities. As a result, the final reaction zone (in the direction of travel of the molten metal) is supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in a ratio less than stoichiometric, its combustion, in the absence of oxygen, producing a reducing heating gas and in the zones before the final reaction zone, afterburning of the unburned fuel carried along with the heating gas is effected by an additional supply of oxygen-containing secondary gas, Patent 2,061,388 thus provides an efficient, continuous process for refining copper in the molten phase.
The technical and economic advantage achieved by this method is an inducement to further improvement by providing auto-matic control. This has been delayed by the dif~iculty of achiev-ing accurate and at least quantitative control of the heat-exchange in the gas-phaselmolten-metal reaction mechanism.
To make this control of the reaction mechanism possible - it is essential to achieve and maintain controllable and repro-ducible convection-e~change and material-exchange ratios, adapted to the individual situation, between the reaction gas and the molten copper/slag phase. ; ' It is therefore an aim of the invention to improve the -~
copper-refining method of Germa~ Patent 2 ,061!388 ~ from both the qualitative and quantitative points of view, through controllable reaction patterns.
To this end, the invention proposes that the supply of at least the secondary gas be carried out in a manner such that it is first brought into contact with the molten phase of the metal bath, as a reaction yas, thus effecting a definite material .
7~"'27 exchange into the metal bath9 and is only then used for com-bustion with the heating gas.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a method for continuously refining copper in the molten phase, in which the molten copper i~ passed~ in a treatment area, through a plurality of reaction zones, in counter~low to the heating gases, and thus ~reed of impuritie~, the final reaction zone, in the direction of flow of the molten metal, being supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in less -than stoichiometric amount, the combustion of which~ in theab~ence of oxygen, produces a reducing heating gas 9 and in the zones before the final reaction zone9 aterburning is brought ; about of the still unburned fuel carried along with the heating ga~ by an additional supply of an oxygen-containing secondary ga~, in which the supply of at least the secondary ga~ is effected in a manner such that it i~ fir~t brought into reactive contact with the molten phase of the bath of metal, thus effecting a definite material exchange into the metal bath, and is only t~lereafter caused to burn ~ ~h the heatin~ gas.
According to one particularly effective step, the secondary gas is blown suhstantially vertically, in the form of at least one powerful jet of ga~ channeled through an accelerat-ing nozzlej onto the sub~tantially free surface of the bath, thus e~fecting a definite material exch~nge from the gas to the ~aid bath, before th~ secondary ga9 is burned with the fuel-containing heating ga~
This ~tep is hig~ly ~igni~icant in that the ~et o~
ga3 pushes a3ide the floating layer of ~la~ and is thus brou~h~
into forced contact, at a controllable flow rate~ wit~ the metal. A3 a result, rapid and thus controllable material .
-2-., ~ :
.
~7~2~7 exchange is achieved in the molten-metal convection field produced by the said jet of gas at the stagnation point.
As a further improvement J the jet of secondary gas may be blown with such force that the substantially torus-like stratified flow o~ molten metal, rotating about the blow--depression located beneath the iet, produces 9 with the ~t, a definite convective system~ with a definite material exchange.
This arrangement produce~ optimal, deinable, and particularly rapid reaction patterns which can be controlled in accordance with the order of magnitude of their speciflc energy.
Since the ~reaction between the molten copper and th~
reaction gase~ takes place mainly in the viclnity o~ the d~pression produced in the bath by the pxessu~ of the jet, and 5ince the area of this depres~ic)n lS measurable, and therefore adjustable and definable, it becomes possi~le to control the material exchange ratio~3 quantitatively~
This~possibility of programmed control of the copper-refining process constitutes an additional advantage o~ the invention over exlsting proces~es~ It is also desirable to .
.
.
.
~ -2a-~0~ 7 prevent the bath from "splashing", to eliminate any disturbing influences, for example, unduly vigorous agitation of the bath of metal. Any such splashing would, on the one hand, upse-t the reaction equilibrium and thus the control conditions and, on the other hand, would produce at least local over-oxidizing and the formation of cuprous oxide. Both are undesirable.
Still another aspect of the invention is to adjust the force of the jet and the distance between the mouth of the nozzle and the surface of the bath in accordance with the type of reaction gases used to reduce splashing.
Further details, characteristics and advantages of the invention may be gathered from the following description of the preferred furnace installation illustrated in the drawing for the continuous refining of impure copper. In the drawing: ~ -FIGURE 1 is a cross-section through a refining furnace for the execution of the method according to , the invention, FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the mouth of a lance nozzle, with the jet of gas emerging from it onto the surface of a bath of molten copper.
Figure 1 shows a rectangular smelting furnace 1, divided by partitions-2,3,4, into three trough-like reaction zones 5,6,7. The partition 2 contains a passage 9 through which the molten copper flows. Shown in reaction zone 6 is the surface 10 of the bath, thereunder the bath 11 of molten copper, with a layer 12 of slag on top. A tapping opening 13 in the wall of the furnace is used to remove slag 12 from the oxidizing refining-reaction zone 6. The impure molten copper is charged into the furnace 1 at 14, and leaves the said furnace, after purification, at 15. A weir 8 located at the outlet end of reaction zone 6 : -:
serves to hold back the slag.
'' " .
" ~ ':
_ 3 _ ~
~L~37~3~2'7 The molten copper by-passes the weir 8 by flowing through a passage 16 located below the surface 10 of the bath.
A closable aperture 17, in the wall of reaction zone 5, is used for inspection and also to add solids, e.g. copper concentrate and/or fuel. Exhaust gases leave the furnace 1 through the stack 19.
The furnace is heated by a burner 36 arranged in an end-wall 18 at the outlet end.
When the unit is in operation, molten crude copper is introduced into the furnace 1 at 14, and/or copper concentrate and fuel at 17. The charge is heated in the zone 5 to a treatment temperature appropriate for the subsequent refining. In zone 6, an oxygen-containing reaction gas is blown through a lance 20, in the form of a powerful, focused jet 21, onto the surface 10 of the bath ll of molten copper. A throttle valve 22, located in head 23 of the lance 20, is used to control the force of the blast and thus the jet energy. The blow depression 24 may be seen in surface 10 of bath 11. This depression 24 is of concave dish-like form.
The pressure of the deflected jet 21 of gas pushes aside the layer of slag 12 floating on the molten copper 11.
~This phenomenon shown in Figure 2, on an enlarged ~ -scale, is as observed in tests. Also shown is the mouth 25 of the lance nozzle 20, from which a jet 21 of gas emerges and impinges with considerable force upon the layer of slag floating on the molten copper. The pressure of the gas jet, in the deflection area 26, forces back the layer of slag 12, and an "eye"
28 is formed on the free surface of the molten copper. This produces a dished depression 24, shown by the dotted line A - B, in the bath 11. At 29, the deflected ~as flows back lnto the surrounding area.
, ' .
, .. . .
~7~ 7 As a result of this contact with the jet and the drag produced by it, and of the lift at the edge of depression 24 in the surface of the metal, considerable turbulence is produced in the bath, in the form of ~circular flow zone indicated by the flow-direction vectors 27.
Finally, Figure 1 also shows another nozzle-lance 30 in the reaction area 7, used for blowing reaction gas onto the molten copper bath~ The head 31 of the lance has two connections 32,33. The connection 32 supplies a carrier gas and the other connection 33 is used for fuel, e.g. diesel oil, natural gas, propane, coal dust, or the like. Throttle valves 34 and 35 are -used to adjust the pressure and thus the energy and flow density of the gas jet.
.. .
.~
. :
.
, :':
..,.~. .
.
' - ~ ' :..: :... ..
. ' :: :
- 5 ~ :
. ., : . ..:
.
~7~2~7 exchange is achieved in the molten-metal convection field produced by the said jet of gas at the stagnation point.
As a further improvement J the jet of secondary gas may be blown with such force that the substantially torus-like stratified flow o~ molten metal, rotating about the blow--depression located beneath the iet, produces 9 with the ~t, a definite convective system~ with a definite material exchange.
This arrangement produce~ optimal, deinable, and particularly rapid reaction patterns which can be controlled in accordance with the order of magnitude of their speciflc energy.
Since the ~reaction between the molten copper and th~
reaction gase~ takes place mainly in the viclnity o~ the d~pression produced in the bath by the pxessu~ of the jet, and 5ince the area of this depres~ic)n lS measurable, and therefore adjustable and definable, it becomes possi~le to control the material exchange ratio~3 quantitatively~
This~possibility of programmed control of the copper-refining process constitutes an additional advantage o~ the invention over exlsting proces~es~ It is also desirable to .
.
.
.
~ -2a-~0~ 7 prevent the bath from "splashing", to eliminate any disturbing influences, for example, unduly vigorous agitation of the bath of metal. Any such splashing would, on the one hand, upse-t the reaction equilibrium and thus the control conditions and, on the other hand, would produce at least local over-oxidizing and the formation of cuprous oxide. Both are undesirable.
Still another aspect of the invention is to adjust the force of the jet and the distance between the mouth of the nozzle and the surface of the bath in accordance with the type of reaction gases used to reduce splashing.
Further details, characteristics and advantages of the invention may be gathered from the following description of the preferred furnace installation illustrated in the drawing for the continuous refining of impure copper. In the drawing: ~ -FIGURE 1 is a cross-section through a refining furnace for the execution of the method according to , the invention, FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the mouth of a lance nozzle, with the jet of gas emerging from it onto the surface of a bath of molten copper.
Figure 1 shows a rectangular smelting furnace 1, divided by partitions-2,3,4, into three trough-like reaction zones 5,6,7. The partition 2 contains a passage 9 through which the molten copper flows. Shown in reaction zone 6 is the surface 10 of the bath, thereunder the bath 11 of molten copper, with a layer 12 of slag on top. A tapping opening 13 in the wall of the furnace is used to remove slag 12 from the oxidizing refining-reaction zone 6. The impure molten copper is charged into the furnace 1 at 14, and leaves the said furnace, after purification, at 15. A weir 8 located at the outlet end of reaction zone 6 : -:
serves to hold back the slag.
'' " .
" ~ ':
_ 3 _ ~
~L~37~3~2'7 The molten copper by-passes the weir 8 by flowing through a passage 16 located below the surface 10 of the bath.
A closable aperture 17, in the wall of reaction zone 5, is used for inspection and also to add solids, e.g. copper concentrate and/or fuel. Exhaust gases leave the furnace 1 through the stack 19.
The furnace is heated by a burner 36 arranged in an end-wall 18 at the outlet end.
When the unit is in operation, molten crude copper is introduced into the furnace 1 at 14, and/or copper concentrate and fuel at 17. The charge is heated in the zone 5 to a treatment temperature appropriate for the subsequent refining. In zone 6, an oxygen-containing reaction gas is blown through a lance 20, in the form of a powerful, focused jet 21, onto the surface 10 of the bath ll of molten copper. A throttle valve 22, located in head 23 of the lance 20, is used to control the force of the blast and thus the jet energy. The blow depression 24 may be seen in surface 10 of bath 11. This depression 24 is of concave dish-like form.
The pressure of the deflected jet 21 of gas pushes aside the layer of slag 12 floating on the molten copper 11.
~This phenomenon shown in Figure 2, on an enlarged ~ -scale, is as observed in tests. Also shown is the mouth 25 of the lance nozzle 20, from which a jet 21 of gas emerges and impinges with considerable force upon the layer of slag floating on the molten copper. The pressure of the gas jet, in the deflection area 26, forces back the layer of slag 12, and an "eye"
28 is formed on the free surface of the molten copper. This produces a dished depression 24, shown by the dotted line A - B, in the bath 11. At 29, the deflected ~as flows back lnto the surrounding area.
, ' .
, .. . .
~7~ 7 As a result of this contact with the jet and the drag produced by it, and of the lift at the edge of depression 24 in the surface of the metal, considerable turbulence is produced in the bath, in the form of ~circular flow zone indicated by the flow-direction vectors 27.
Finally, Figure 1 also shows another nozzle-lance 30 in the reaction area 7, used for blowing reaction gas onto the molten copper bath~ The head 31 of the lance has two connections 32,33. The connection 32 supplies a carrier gas and the other connection 33 is used for fuel, e.g. diesel oil, natural gas, propane, coal dust, or the like. Throttle valves 34 and 35 are -used to adjust the pressure and thus the energy and flow density of the gas jet.
.. .
.~
. :
.
, :':
..,.~. .
.
' - ~ ' :..: :... ..
. ' :: :
- 5 ~ :
. ., : . ..:
Claims (4)
1. A method for continuously refining copper in the molten phase, in which the molten copper is passed, in a treatment area, through a plurality of reaction zones, in coun-terflow to the heating gases, and thus freed of impurities, the final reaction zone, in the direction of flow of the molten metal, being supplied with fuel and an oxygen-containing primary gas in less than stoichiometric amount, the combustion of which, in the absence of oxygen, produces a reducing heating gas, and in the zones before the final reaction zone, after-burning is brought about of the still unburned fuel carried along with the heating gas by an additional supply of an oxygen-containing secondary gas, in which the supply of at least the secondary gas is affected in a manner such that it is first brought into reactive contact with the molten phase of the bath of metal, thus effecting a definite material exchange into the metal bath, and is only thereafter caused to burn with the heating gas.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the secondary gas is blown substantially vertically, in the form of at least one powerful jet of gas channeled through an accelerating nozzle, onto the substantially free surface of the bath of metal and is brought into contact therewith, to cause a definite material exchange from the gas to the said bath before said secondary gas is burned with the fuel-containing heating gas.
3. A method, according to claim 1 in which the jet of secondary gas is blown in with such force that there is obtained a substantially torus-like stratified flow of molten metal rotating about a blow-depression located at the stagnation point of the jet and produces, with the said jet of gas, a definite convective system, and a definite material exchange.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the force of the jet, and the distance between the mouth of the nozzle and the surface of the bath are adjusted in accordance with the type of reaction gases used to avoid splashing in the bath.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752522662 DE2522662A1 (en) | 1975-05-22 | 1975-05-22 | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS REFINING OF CONTAMINATED COPPER IN THE SMELTING PHASE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1078627A true CA1078627A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
Family
ID=5947151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA253,063A Expired CA1078627A (en) | 1975-05-22 | 1976-05-21 | Method for continuously refining contaminated copper in the molten phase |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS51141714A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU507053B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE841926R (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1078627A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2522662A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI66912C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1525786A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU173746B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL108871B1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU120276A (en) |
| ZM (1) | ZM5876A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2123128B (en) * | 1982-06-23 | 1986-03-05 | British Steel Corp | Improvements in or relating to metal processing |
| US6210463B1 (en) | 1998-02-12 | 2001-04-03 | Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation | Process and apparatus for the continuous refining of blister copper |
| WO1999041420A1 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-19 | Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation | Process and apparatus for the continuous refining of blister copper |
-
1975
- 1975-05-22 DE DE19752522662 patent/DE2522662A1/en active Pending
-
1976
- 1976-05-13 YU YU120276A patent/YU120276A/en unknown
- 1976-05-14 GB GB2009176A patent/GB1525786A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-17 ZM ZM5876A patent/ZM5876A1/en unknown
- 1976-05-17 BE BE167109A patent/BE841926R/en active
- 1976-05-19 PL PL18969876A patent/PL108871B1/en unknown
- 1976-05-20 FI FI761419A patent/FI66912C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-05-20 HU HU76KO2793A patent/HU173746B/en unknown
- 1976-05-21 JP JP5800876A patent/JPS51141714A/en active Pending
- 1976-05-21 CA CA253,063A patent/CA1078627A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-24 AU AU14246/76A patent/AU507053B2/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-03-15 JP JP4160383A patent/JPS58174533A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE841926R (en) | 1976-09-16 |
| FI66912C (en) | 1984-12-10 |
| YU120276A (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| AU507053B2 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
| DE2522662A1 (en) | 1976-12-09 |
| FI66912B (en) | 1984-08-31 |
| HU173746B (en) | 1979-08-28 |
| ZM5876A1 (en) | 1977-02-21 |
| JPS6123249B2 (en) | 1986-06-05 |
| AU1424676A (en) | 1977-12-01 |
| PL108871B1 (en) | 1980-05-31 |
| JPS51141714A (en) | 1976-12-06 |
| JPS58174533A (en) | 1983-10-13 |
| GB1525786A (en) | 1978-09-20 |
| FI761419A (en) | 1976-11-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2446511A (en) | Open-hearth steelmaking | |
| US3706549A (en) | Method for refining pig-iron into steel | |
| FR2433580A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT REDUCTION OF IRON OXIDE TO METALLIC IRON USING COAL GAS | |
| SU1148566A3 (en) | Method of continuous gasification of carbon-containing material in reactor with molten iron | |
| US3932172A (en) | Method and converter for refining pig-iron into steel | |
| CA1078627A (en) | Method for continuously refining contaminated copper in the molten phase | |
| US4127408A (en) | Method for the continuous refinement of contaminated copper in the molten phase | |
| US4556418A (en) | Process for melting a ferrous burden | |
| AU2005207009A1 (en) | Method for producing low carbon steel | |
| US4061544A (en) | Apparatus for providing waste gas recirculation in coke oven batteries | |
| US2515670A (en) | Manufacture of open-hearth steel | |
| US3248211A (en) | Refining of iron | |
| US3938790A (en) | Method and converter for refining pig-iron into steel | |
| US4462825A (en) | Method for increasing the scrap melting capability of metal refining processes | |
| US3519259A (en) | Furnace jet devices | |
| USRE26364E (en) | Metallurgical melting amd refining process | |
| JPS60194007A (en) | Converter blowing method | |
| GB1090826A (en) | Method of smelting iron ore | |
| US2244385A (en) | Method for the production of steel | |
| JPS6233710A (en) | Method for heating molten steel in converter | |
| SU1174477A1 (en) | Method of conducting blast smelting | |
| US2989297A (en) | Combined melting hearth and gas reformer apparatus | |
| SU1280022A2 (en) | Method of melting steel in tandem furnace | |
| SU855004A1 (en) | Tuyere for oxygen blasting of electric arc furnace bath | |
| SU398635A1 (en) | METHOD OF DESIGN OF SLAG |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |