CA1077956A - Process for the preparation of polyisocyanates which contain biuret groups - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of polyisocyanates which contain biuret groupsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1077956A CA1077956A CA271,671A CA271671A CA1077956A CA 1077956 A CA1077956 A CA 1077956A CA 271671 A CA271671 A CA 271671A CA 1077956 A CA1077956 A CA 1077956A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- biuret
- diisocyanate
- reaction
- mol
- diamine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 aliphatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 abstract description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- XSJFAAMNRIJDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCC1CN=C=O XSJFAAMNRIJDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZBLACDIKXKCJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(aminomethyl)cyclobutyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCC1CN ZBLACDIKXKCJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)CC1 IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTBHHUPVCYLGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-aminopropyl)amine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCN OTBHHUPVCYLGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UODZHRGDSPLRMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-homospermidine Chemical compound NCCCCNCCCCN UODZHRGDSPLRMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDMXADMEKAUMIV-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-prop-1-ene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C\C(N)=C/N FDMXADMEKAUMIV-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLCQONACWQIWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalene-1,8-diamine Chemical compound C1CCC(N)C2C(N)CCCC21 MLCQONACWQIWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN=C=O FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQTUWVDYKNJLCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane;1,6-diisocyanatohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O.O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O YQTUWVDYKNJLCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LALUZPHSSLKIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclobutane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC1(N)CCC1N LALUZPHSSLKIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)(C)CN DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWTVQZQPKHXGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CCC(C)(C)N JWTVQZQPKHXGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVHFDNYRMIWPRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenyl]ethanamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(CCN)C=C1 FVHFDNYRMIWPRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTTCKQODKNUAGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminocyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CCC1CCC(N)CC1 NTTCKQODKNUAGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006418 Brown reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGCUIOIXGKBHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.NC(N)=O Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.NC(N)=O JGCUIOIXGKBHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperonyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hexamethylene)triamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCNCCCCCCN MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCCN QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/18—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas
- C07C273/1809—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas with formation of the N-C(O)-N moiety
- C07C273/1818—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas with formation of the N-C(O)-N moiety from -N=C=O and XNR'R"
- C07C273/1827—X being H
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
- C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
- C08G18/7831—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing biuret groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
- C08G18/8003—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having at least two groups containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/8006—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having at least two groups containing active hydrogen with compounds of C08G18/32
- C08G18/8038—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having at least two groups containing active hydrogen with compounds of C08G18/32 with compounds of C08G18/3225
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2609995A DE2609995C3 (de) | 1976-03-10 | 1976-03-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von biuretgruppenhaltigen Polyisocyanaten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1077956A true CA1077956A (en) | 1980-05-20 |
Family
ID=5972047
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA271,671A Expired CA1077956A (en) | 1976-03-10 | 1977-02-14 | Process for the preparation of polyisocyanates which contain biuret groups |
Country Status (13)
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2803103A1 (de) | 1978-01-25 | 1979-07-26 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von biuret- und/oder harnstoffgruppen aufweisenden organischen polyisocyanaten |
| DE3003543A1 (de) * | 1980-01-31 | 1981-08-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von modifizierten polyisocynaten und ihre verwendung als aufbaukomponente bei der herstellung von polyurethankunststoffen |
| DE3143060A1 (de) * | 1981-10-30 | 1983-05-11 | Chemische Werke Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Pulverlacke auf der basis von blockierten isophorondiisocyanataddukten |
| IN172016B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1986-04-25 | 1993-03-13 | Uop Inc | |
| DE3700209A1 (de) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-21 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyisocyanaten mit biuretstruktur |
| DE4439421A1 (de) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-05-09 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Neue harnstoffgruppenhaltige Polyamine und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19633404A1 (de) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biuretgruppen enhaltenden Polyisocyanaten aus (cyclo)aliphatischen Diisocyanaten |
| US8609887B2 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2013-12-17 | Basf Se | Process for preparing polyisocyanates comprising biuret groups |
| WO2012117099A1 (de) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-07 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von biuretgruppenhaltigen polyisocyanaten |
| CN118561721A (zh) * | 2024-05-09 | 2024-08-30 | 山东新和成精化科技有限公司 | 一种低粘度hdi缩二脲的合成方法 |
-
1976
- 1976-03-10 DE DE2609995A patent/DE2609995C3/de not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-02-14 CA CA271,671A patent/CA1077956A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-07 GB GB9418/77A patent/GB1550521A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-07 DD DD7700197715A patent/DD130041A5/xx unknown
- 1977-03-07 NL NL7702438A patent/NL7702438A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-07 CH CH280277A patent/CH627739A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-08 AT AT153977A patent/AT346832B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-08 BR BR7701381A patent/BR7701381A/pt unknown
- 1977-03-09 AU AU23077/77A patent/AU506589B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-09 ES ES456660A patent/ES456660A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-03-09 BE BE175627A patent/BE852265A/xx unknown
- 1977-03-10 JP JP2552177A patent/JPS52108927A/ja active Granted
- 1977-03-10 FR FR7707160A patent/FR2357589A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7702438A (nl) | 1977-09-13 |
| BE852265A (fr) | 1977-09-09 |
| AU2307777A (en) | 1978-09-14 |
| GB1550521A (en) | 1979-08-15 |
| FR2357589B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1983-10-07 |
| DE2609995B2 (de) | 1978-03-23 |
| AT346832B (de) | 1978-11-27 |
| JPS52108927A (en) | 1977-09-12 |
| ATA153977A (de) | 1978-04-15 |
| BR7701381A (pt) | 1978-05-02 |
| DD130041A5 (de) | 1978-03-01 |
| DE2609995A1 (de) | 1977-09-22 |
| AU506589B2 (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| JPS6229426B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-06-25 |
| CH627739A5 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
| DE2609995C3 (de) | 1979-12-06 |
| FR2357589A1 (fr) | 1978-02-03 |
| ES456660A1 (es) | 1978-01-16 |
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