CA1039163A - Urea analysis - Google Patents
Urea analysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1039163A CA1039163A CA214,867A CA214867A CA1039163A CA 1039163 A CA1039163 A CA 1039163A CA 214867 A CA214867 A CA 214867A CA 1039163 A CA1039163 A CA 1039163A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- urease
- membrane
- ammonia
- hydrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 50
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 11
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen bromide Chemical compound BrC#N ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- APQIUTYORBAGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromoethane Chemical class CC(Br)Br APQIUTYORBAGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromopropane Chemical compound BrCCCBr VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005654 Sephadex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L disodium maleate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/58—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving urea or urease
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48742—Determining urea by measuring the volume of a gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/807—Gas detection apparatus
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US427322A US3926734A (en) | 1973-12-21 | 1973-12-21 | Urea analysis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1039163A true CA1039163A (en) | 1978-09-26 |
Family
ID=23694363
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA214,867A Expired CA1039163A (en) | 1973-12-21 | 1974-11-28 | Urea analysis |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3926734A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5330035B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1039163A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2455970C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2255602B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1494490A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL176308C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE30267E (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1980-05-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Multilayer analytical element |
| DE2821469A1 (de) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-11-22 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Diagnostisches mittel zur bestimmung von harnstoff |
| EP0044298A1 (en) * | 1979-07-24 | 1982-01-27 | DANIELSSON, Bengt | A method and apparatus for indicating the presence of substances which, in a chemical reaction, generate or consume gas |
| JPS5786053A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-05-28 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp | Method and device for measuring amino compound |
| DE3129988A1 (de) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-17 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | "verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung von harnstoff" |
| JPS5839947A (ja) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-08 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp | 尿素の測定方法および測定装置 |
| JPS5858457A (ja) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-07 | Shimadzu Corp | 溶液導電率型ガス濃度測定用電極 |
| JPS5877663A (ja) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-05-11 | Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku:Kk | 尿素分析方法および分析用具 |
| US5158868A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1992-10-27 | Iniziative Marittime 1991, S.R.L. | Method of sample analysis |
| US4997627A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1991-03-05 | Fisher Scientific Company | Sample analysis |
| DK364189A (da) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-01-26 | Nova Biomedical Corp | Sensor |
| DE3841623A1 (de) * | 1988-12-10 | 1990-06-13 | Draegerwerk Ag | Dosimeter mit wiederverwendbarer elektrochemischer messzelle |
| US5133937A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1992-07-28 | Iniziative Marittime, 1991 S.R.L. | Analysis system having a removable reaction cartridge and temperature control |
| DE4027728A1 (de) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Immobilisierung von organischen makromolekuelen oder biopolymeren in einer polymermembran |
| US5685988A (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1997-11-11 | Malchesky; Paul | Dialysis process and system |
| ES2102936B1 (es) * | 1994-03-02 | 1998-04-01 | Estudios E Invest Del Agua | Metodo de medicion de la concentracion de amonio total en medio liquido y dispositivo para la realizacion del mismo. |
| DE69514607T2 (de) * | 1994-10-13 | 2000-12-28 | Kyowa Medex Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Harnstoff Stickstoff |
| WO2003048382A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-12 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Sensitive detection of urea and related compounds in water |
| US8945936B2 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-02-03 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Measuring chemical properties of a sample fluid in dialysis systems |
| US8882988B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-11-11 | Umm Al-Qura University | Potentiometric device and method selective for pioglitazone |
| KR20250103785A (ko) * | 2018-01-12 | 2025-07-07 | 아리조나 보드 오브 리젠츠 온 비하프 오브 아리조나 스테이트 유니버시티 | 체액 중의 암모니아 및 암모늄의 검출 및 정량화를 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
| CN115552024A (zh) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-12-30 | 洛桑联邦理工学院 | 一种用于生产富含含碳酸盐物质、无含氮物质的溶液的方法和系统 |
| US11726070B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-08-15 | Acustrip Company, Inc. | Method and kit for detecting diesel exhaust fluid in fuel |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3395082A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1968-07-30 | Miles Lab | Test composition device and method for detecting urea in aqueous fluids |
| US3649505A (en) * | 1969-03-03 | 1972-03-14 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Ammonia sensor |
| DE2130308C3 (de) * | 1971-06-18 | 1975-07-24 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen von enzymatisch umsetzbaren Probensubstanzen |
-
1973
- 1973-12-21 US US427322A patent/US3926734A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-11-20 FR FR7438065A patent/FR2255602B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-11-22 NL NLAANVRAGE7415252,A patent/NL176308C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-11-27 DE DE2455970A patent/DE2455970C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-11-28 CA CA214,867A patent/CA1039163A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-13 GB GB54031/74A patent/GB1494490A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-16 JP JP14436174A patent/JPS5330035B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL176308C (nl) | 1985-03-18 |
| GB1494490A (en) | 1977-12-07 |
| US3926734A (en) | 1975-12-16 |
| JPS5098396A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-08-05 |
| FR2255602B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-06-16 |
| JPS5330035B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-08-24 |
| FR2255602A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-07-18 |
| AU7676174A (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| DE2455970A1 (de) | 1975-07-03 |
| DE2455970B2 (de) | 1977-07-21 |
| NL7415252A (nl) | 1975-06-24 |
| DE2455970C3 (de) | 1978-03-02 |
| NL176308B (nl) | 1984-10-16 |
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