BR9801534A - Composições de catalisador reativas par aperfeiçoamento do desempenho de espuma de poliuretano soprada por água e processo para sua preparação - Google Patents

Composições de catalisador reativas par aperfeiçoamento do desempenho de espuma de poliuretano soprada por água e processo para sua preparação

Info

Publication number
BR9801534A
BR9801534A BR9801534A BR9801534A BR9801534A BR 9801534 A BR9801534 A BR 9801534A BR 9801534 A BR9801534 A BR 9801534A BR 9801534 A BR9801534 A BR 9801534A BR 9801534 A BR9801534 A BR 9801534A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
improving
preparation
performance
water
polyurethane foam
Prior art date
Application number
BR9801534A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lisa Ann Mercando
Mark Leo Listemann
Michael John Kimock
Original Assignee
Air Prod & Chem
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/850,985 external-priority patent/US5824711A/en
Priority claimed from US08/851,652 external-priority patent/US5756557A/en
Application filed by Air Prod & Chem filed Critical Air Prod & Chem
Publication of BR9801534A publication Critical patent/BR9801534A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/16Catalysts
    • C08G18/18Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/1841Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof having carbonyl groups which may be linked to one or more nitrogen or oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/16Catalysts
    • C08G18/18Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235Nitrogen containing compounds
    • B01J31/0237Amines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235Nitrogen containing compounds
    • B01J31/0245Nitrogen containing compounds being derivatives of carboxylic or carbonic acids
    • B01J31/0249Ureas (R2N-C(=O)-NR2)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/08Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/09Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/16Catalysts
    • C08G18/18Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/20Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
    • C08G18/2009Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring
    • C08G18/2018Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/16Catalysts
    • C08G18/18Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/20Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
    • C08G18/2081Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing at least two non-condensed heterocyclic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/4009Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
    • C08G18/4072Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C08G18/4841Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxyethylene end groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/63Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
    • C08G18/632Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014Use of organic additives
    • C08J9/0028Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235Nitrogen containing compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0008Foam properties flexible
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0041Foam properties having specified density
    • C08G2110/005< 50kg/m3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0083Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2115/00Oligomerisation
    • C08G2115/02Oligomerisation to isocyanurate groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04Polyurethanes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
BR9801534A 1997-05-05 1998-04-30 Composições de catalisador reativas par aperfeiçoamento do desempenho de espuma de poliuretano soprada por água e processo para sua preparação BR9801534A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/850,985 US5824711A (en) 1997-05-05 1997-05-05 N,N,N'-trimethylbis (Aminoethyl) ether substituted urea compostions for the production of polyurethanes
US08/851,652 US5756557A (en) 1997-05-06 1997-05-06 Aminomethyl pyrrolidine urea compositions for the production of polyurethanes
US08/879,472 US6232356B1 (en) 1997-05-05 1997-06-20 Reactive catalyst compositions for improving water blown polyurethane foam performance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9801534A true BR9801534A (pt) 1999-07-06

Family

ID=27420354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9801534A BR9801534A (pt) 1997-05-05 1998-04-30 Composições de catalisador reativas par aperfeiçoamento do desempenho de espuma de poliuretano soprada por água e processo para sua preparação

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US6232356B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0877042B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP3273132B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100274116B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1204159C (pt)
BR (1) BR9801534A (pt)
DE (1) DE69826361T2 (pt)

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US6114403A (en) * 1999-06-09 2000-09-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyurethane catalyst compositions for improving rigid foam performance
KR100432718B1 (ko) * 2001-08-16 2004-05-24 주식회사 엘지이아이 발포체의 균열 개선을 위한 폴리우레탄 발포체의 원료조성물 및 그 제조방법
US6534555B1 (en) 2001-09-10 2003-03-18 Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation Catalyst systems for polyurethane polyester foams
KR100771910B1 (ko) * 2001-09-28 2007-11-01 주식회사 엘지이아이 탈형성이 우수한 경질 폴리우레탄 폼 조성물
US6600001B1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-29 Crompton Corporation Alkylamino oxamides as low odor, non-fugitive catalysts for the production of polyurethanes
US6818675B2 (en) 2002-08-06 2004-11-16 General Electric Company Process for preparing polyurethane foam
EP1435364A3 (en) * 2003-01-03 2005-11-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tertiary amino alkyl amide polyurethane catalysts derived from long chain alkyl or fatty carboxylic acids
ATE393179T1 (de) * 2003-01-03 2008-05-15 Air Prod & Chem Verwendung tertiärer aminoalkylamidkatalysatoren zur verbesserung der physischen eigenschaften von polyurethanschäumen
US6762211B1 (en) 2003-01-03 2004-07-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tertiary amino alkyl amide polyurethane catalysts derived from long chain alkyl and fatty carboxylic acids
US6759447B1 (en) 2003-01-06 2004-07-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Physical properties of polyurethane foams using tertiary amino alkyl amide catalysts
ATE364645T1 (de) * 2003-01-03 2007-07-15 Air Prod & Chem Verwendung von tertiären aminoalkylamidkatalysatoren zur verbesserung der physischen eigenschaften von polyurethanschäumen
KR100935517B1 (ko) * 2003-03-07 2010-01-06 엘지전자 주식회사 접착력과 탈형성이 개선된 폴리우레탄 발포체 제조를 위한원액 조성물, 이로부터 제조된 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그제조방법
US20050059749A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation Catalysts useful in polyurethane foam
US6858654B1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-02-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Catalyst blends for producing low thermal desorption polyurethane foams
US7151121B2 (en) * 2004-05-26 2006-12-19 Danisco A/S Polyurethane containing a polyol composition comprising a highly branched polysaccharide, mix and process for preparation thereof
US8258198B2 (en) 2004-05-28 2012-09-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Fast demold/extended cream time polyurethane formulations
DE102005024144A1 (de) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-30 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von viskoelastischen Polyurethan-Weichschaumstoffen
JP2007056212A (ja) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-08 Inoac Corp 軟質ポリウレタン発泡体
US7666919B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2010-02-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Aromatic diacid ester diols and substituted carbamates thereof for minimizing deterioration of polyurethane foams
US10023683B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2018-07-17 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Catalyst compositions for improving polyurethane foam performance
US8552078B2 (en) * 2006-10-17 2013-10-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Crosslinkers for improving stability of polyurethane foams
US9243103B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2016-01-26 Inoac Corporation Polyurethane foam for flame-laminating
JP5365482B2 (ja) * 2009-11-26 2013-12-11 東ソー株式会社 ポリウレタン樹脂製造用のアミン触媒組成物及びそれを用いたポリウレタン樹脂の製造方法
JP5803610B2 (ja) * 2010-12-22 2015-11-04 東ソー株式会社 新規な環状アミン化合物
JP2012144697A (ja) * 2010-12-24 2012-08-02 Tosoh Corp ポリウレタン樹脂製造用のアミン触媒組成物及びそれを用いたポリウレタン樹脂の製造方法
PL2657237T3 (pl) 2010-12-22 2015-11-30 Tosoh Corp Cykliczny związek aminowy i proces produkcji żywicy poliuretanowej z jego zastosowaniem
JP5810841B2 (ja) * 2010-12-28 2015-11-11 東ソー株式会社 新規なアミン組成物及びそれを用いたポリウレタン樹脂の製造方法
JP2013151635A (ja) * 2011-06-16 2013-08-08 Tosoh Corp ポリウレタンフォーム製造用原料配合組成物
CN102503909A (zh) * 2011-11-21 2012-06-20 武汉大学 含叔胺脲衍生物类化合物及其制备方法和应用
WO2013143129A1 (en) 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyurethane foam production process, pre-mix, formulation, and product
CN103254395A (zh) * 2013-06-04 2013-08-21 袁贵友 一种纳米碳酸钙填充聚氨酯高回弹模塑泡沫及其制备方法
BR112016004946A8 (pt) 2013-09-04 2020-02-11 Dehni Ghassan materiais flexíveis de espuma de poliuretano e poliuretano/poliorganossiloxano que absorvem energia de impacto
MX2017014036A (es) 2015-05-05 2018-03-01 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Composiciones catalizadoras de gelificacion de accion retardada y metodos para fabricar polimeros de poliuretano.
US10100141B2 (en) * 2015-06-01 2018-10-16 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Reactive amine catalysts for polyurethane applications
BR112019005485B1 (pt) * 2016-09-23 2022-11-16 Huntsman International Llc Sistema de reação e processo para produzir um material de espuma de poliuretano
EP3954722A1 (en) 2020-07-30 2022-02-16 Evonik Operations GmbH Process and composition for the production of flexible polyurethane foam
US11884000B2 (en) 2021-08-27 2024-01-30 Carbon, Inc. One part, catalyst containing, moisture curable dual cure resins for additive manufacturing
CN115677965B (zh) * 2022-09-15 2023-07-04 南京贝迪新材料科技股份有限公司 一种高性能量子点复合物的制备方法

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US4007140A (en) 1972-11-01 1977-02-08 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Tertiary amines as catalysts in polyurethane manufacture
DE2523633C2 (de) 1975-05-28 1982-12-16 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschaumstoffen und Katalysatoren zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US4094827A (en) 1976-10-18 1978-06-13 Texaco Development Corporation Substituted ureas as polyurethane catalysts
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US4194069A (en) 1978-10-16 1980-03-18 Texaco Development Corporation Urea derivative and use as polyurethane catalyst
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DE3027796A1 (de) 1980-07-23 1982-02-18 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethanen unter verwendung von dialkylaminoalkylharnstoffen als katalysatoren
DE3435070A1 (de) 1984-09-25 1986-04-03 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von gegebenenfalls geschaeumten polyurethanen, die mit einem anderen werkstoff verbunden oder konfektioniert worden sind
DE4104870A1 (de) 1991-02-17 1992-08-27 Bayer Ag Verwendung von 3,(4)-substituierten pyrrolidinen als katalysatoren fuer das polyisocyanatpolyadditionsverfahren, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan(harnstoff)en

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6232356B1 (en) 2001-05-15
EP0877042A1 (en) 1998-11-11
US6201033B1 (en) 2001-03-13
DE69826361D1 (de) 2004-10-28
JPH10324728A (ja) 1998-12-08
EP0877042B1 (en) 2004-09-22
KR100274116B1 (ko) 2000-12-15
CN1201801A (zh) 1998-12-16
KR19980086709A (ko) 1998-12-05
CN1204159C (zh) 2005-06-01
JP3273132B2 (ja) 2002-04-08
DE69826361T2 (de) 2005-02-17

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