BR112014018653A2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
BR112014018653A2
BR112014018653A2 BR112014018653A BR112014018653A BR112014018653A2 BR 112014018653 A2 BR112014018653 A2 BR 112014018653A2 BR 112014018653 A BR112014018653 A BR 112014018653A BR 112014018653 A BR112014018653 A BR 112014018653A BR 112014018653 A2 BR112014018653 A2 BR 112014018653A2
Authority
BR
Brazil
Application number
BR112014018653A
Other languages
Portuguese (pt)
Other versions
BR112014018653A8 (pt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of BR112014018653A2 publication Critical patent/BR112014018653A2/pt
Publication of BR112014018653A8 publication Critical patent/BR112014018653A8/pt

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/232Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/18Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/26Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C10L1/2633Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond)
    • C10L1/2641Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen bonds only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446Diesel

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
BR112014018653A 2012-02-10 2013-02-07 Uso de um sal de imidazólio, concentrado de aditivo, composição de combustível, e, sal de imidazólio BR112014018653A8 (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12154837 2012-02-10
PCT/EP2013/052373 WO2013117616A1 (de) 2012-02-10 2013-02-07 Imidazoliumsalze als additive für kraft- und brennstoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR112014018653A2 true BR112014018653A2 (es) 2017-06-20
BR112014018653A8 BR112014018653A8 (pt) 2017-07-11

Family

ID=47666145

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR112014018653A BR112014018653A8 (pt) 2012-02-10 2013-02-07 Uso de um sal de imidazólio, concentrado de aditivo, composição de combustível, e, sal de imidazólio

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2812418B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2015507052A (es)
KR (1) KR20140133566A (es)
CN (1) CN104136585A (es)
AU (1) AU2013218073A1 (es)
BR (1) BR112014018653A8 (es)
CA (1) CA2863698A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2711361T3 (es)
MX (1) MX2014008980A (es)
TR (1) TR201901211T4 (es)
WO (1) WO2013117616A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX2015005194A (es) 2012-10-23 2016-02-10 Basf Se Sales amonicas cuaternarizadas de epoxidos de hidrocarbilo y uso de estos como aditivos en combustibles y lubricantess.
CN105189719B (zh) 2013-03-11 2018-05-29 巴斯夫欧洲公司 聚烷氧基化物在润滑剂组合物中的用途
EP2970069A1 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-01-20 Wintershall Holding GmbH Process for the preparation of substituted tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane
RU2015145010A (ru) 2013-03-21 2017-04-26 Басф Се Применение гидрокарбил-замещенной дикарбоновой кислоты для улучшения или стимулирования отделения воды от жидкого топлива
CN105378039B (zh) 2013-07-12 2017-10-03 巴斯夫欧洲公司 烃基取代的二羧酸用于改善或促进从燃料油和汽油燃料中分离水的用途
EP3464522B1 (en) 2016-05-23 2020-09-23 Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. Use of a wax anti-settling additive in automotive fuel compositions
US20230416627A1 (en) 2020-11-04 2023-12-28 Basf Se Aqueous emulsifier package with anionic surfactant for fuel emulsion
EP4247921A1 (en) 2020-11-20 2023-09-27 Basf Se Mixtures for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuels
CN116568782A (zh) 2020-12-16 2023-08-08 巴斯夫欧洲公司 用于改进添加剂包的稳定性的新的混合物
AU2022213776A1 (en) 2021-01-27 2023-08-10 Basf Se Branched primary alkyl amines as additives for gasoline fuels
EP4074810B1 (en) 2021-04-15 2023-11-15 Basf Se New compositions for reducing crystallization of paraffin crystals in fuels
CN117242133A (zh) 2021-04-22 2023-12-15 巴斯夫欧洲公司 作为橡胶中的添加剂的聚异丁烯衍生物
EP4105301A1 (en) 2021-06-15 2022-12-21 Basf Se New gasoline additive packages
WO2022263244A1 (en) 2021-06-16 2022-12-22 Basf Se Quaternized betaines as additives in fuels
EP4163353A1 (de) 2021-10-06 2023-04-12 Basf Se Verfahren zur verringerung von ablagerungen auf einlassventilen
EP4166630A1 (en) 2021-10-15 2023-04-19 Basf Se Process for reduction of asphaltenes from marine fuels
EP4166631A1 (en) 2021-10-15 2023-04-19 Basf Se Process for reduction of asphaltenes from marine fuels
CN113845892B (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-04-26 西南石油大学 一种长效保护储层和提高储层渗透率的方法
WO2023117989A1 (en) 2021-12-21 2023-06-29 Basf Se Environmental attributes for formulation additives
EP4269541A1 (en) 2022-04-29 2023-11-01 Basf Se New mixtures for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuels
GB202212201D0 (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-05 Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc Improvements in fuels
WO2024061760A1 (de) 2022-09-23 2024-03-28 Basf Se Verminderung der kristallisation von paraffinen in kraftstoffen

Family Cites Families (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3121091A (en) * 1960-03-03 1964-02-11 Nalco Chemical Co Quaternary imidazolium and imidazolinium bisulfites
US3506712A (en) * 1964-08-31 1970-04-14 Mobil Oil Corp Quaternary amine salts useful as fuel stabilizers
US4108858A (en) 1975-09-15 1978-08-22 Ethyl Corporation Polyolefin quaternary pyridinium salts
US4464182A (en) 1981-03-31 1984-08-07 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Glycol ester flow improver additive for distillate fuels
JPS58138791A (ja) 1982-02-10 1983-08-17 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd 燃料油用流動性向上剤
US4690687A (en) 1985-08-16 1987-09-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Fuel products comprising a lead scavenger
DE3611230A1 (de) 1986-04-04 1987-10-08 Basf Ag Polybutyl- und polyisobutylamine, verfahren zu deren herstellung und diese enthaltende kraft- und schmierstoffzusammensetzungen
IN184481B (es) 1986-09-24 2000-08-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
ES2032318T3 (es) 1987-09-15 1993-02-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Carburantes para motores otto.
DE3732908A1 (de) 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Basf Ag Polyetheramine enthaltende kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
US4877416A (en) 1987-11-18 1989-10-31 Chevron Research Company Synergistic fuel compositions
US4849572A (en) 1987-12-22 1989-07-18 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Process for preparing polybutenes having enhanced reactivity using boron trifluoride catalysts (PT-647)
DE3826608A1 (de) 1988-08-05 1990-02-08 Basf Ag Polyetheramine oder polyetheraminderivate enthaltende kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
DE3838918A1 (de) 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Basf Ag Kraftstoffe fuer verbrennungsmaschinen
DE4030164A1 (de) 1990-09-24 1992-03-26 Basf Ag Kraftstoffe fuer verbrennungsmotoren und schmierstoffe enthaltende hochmolekulare aminoalkohole
DE4142241A1 (de) 1991-12-20 1993-06-24 Basf Ag Kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
GB9204709D0 (en) 1992-03-03 1992-04-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Additives for oils
DE4309074A1 (de) 1993-03-20 1994-09-22 Basf Ag Als Kraftstoffadditiv geeignete Mischungen
DE4313088A1 (de) 1993-04-22 1994-10-27 Basf Ag Poly-1-n-alkenamine und diese enthaltende Kraft- und Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen
AT400149B (de) 1993-08-17 1995-10-25 Oemv Ag Additiv für unverbleite ottokraftstoffe sowie dieses enthaltender kraftstoff
DE4425835A1 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-25 Basf Ag Verwendung von Umsetzungsprodukten aus Polyolefinen und Stickoxiden oder Gemischen aus Stickoxiden und Sauerstoff als Additive für Kraftstoffe
DE4425834A1 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-25 Basf Ag Umsetzungsprodukte aus Polyisobutenen und Stickoxiden oder Gemischen aus Stickoxiden und Sauerstoff und ihre Verwendung als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive
DE4432038A1 (de) 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Basf Ag Polyetheramine enthaltende Kraftstoffe für Ottomotoren
DE19525938A1 (de) 1995-07-17 1997-01-23 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Stickstoffverbindungen, spezielle organische Stickstoffverbindungen und Mischungen aus solchen Verbindungen sowie deren Verwendung als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive
DE19620262A1 (de) 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyalkenaminen
FR2751982B1 (fr) 1996-07-31 2000-03-03 Elf Antar France Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant moteurs et composition de carburants
GB9618546D0 (en) 1996-09-05 1996-10-16 Bp Chemicals Additives Dispersants/detergents for hydrocarbons fuels
DE19754039A1 (de) 1997-12-05 1999-06-24 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethylencopolymeren in segmentierten Rohrreaktoren und Verwendung der Copolymere als Fließverbesserer
GB9827366D0 (en) 1998-12-11 1999-02-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Macromolecular materials
DE19905211A1 (de) 1999-02-09 2000-08-10 Basf Ag Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
AU2001248679A1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-10-08 Texaco Development Corporation Fuel additive composition for improving delivery of friction modifier
DE10102913A1 (de) 2001-01-23 2002-07-25 Basf Ag Alkoxylierte Alkyphenole und deren Verwendung in Kraft- und Schmierstoffen
DE10247795A1 (de) 2002-10-14 2004-04-22 Basf Ag Verwendung von Hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur Verbesserung der Wirkung von Kaltfliessverbesserern
DE10356595A1 (de) 2003-12-04 2005-06-30 Basf Ag Brennstoffölzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten Kaltfließeigenschaften
JPWO2006090819A1 (ja) * 2005-02-24 2008-07-24 国立大学法人 東京大学 ポリロタキサン及びポリマー並びにイオン性液体を有する材料、及びその製造方法
KR101438865B1 (ko) * 2007-06-12 2014-09-11 바스프 에스이 에폭사이드 경화용 촉매
US8263536B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2012-09-11 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for the control of deposit formation in formulated lubricating oil by use of ionic liquids as additives
WO2010101801A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Ashless or reduced ash quaternary detergents
EP2808350B1 (de) 2010-07-06 2017-10-25 Basf Se Säurefreie quaternisierte Stickstoffverbindungen und deren Verwendung als Additive in Kraft- und Schmierstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201901211T4 (tr) 2019-02-21
EP2812418A1 (de) 2014-12-17
WO2013117616A1 (de) 2013-08-15
BR112014018653A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
MX2014008980A (es) 2014-08-27
KR20140133566A (ko) 2014-11-19
ES2711361T3 (es) 2019-05-03
CN104136585A (zh) 2014-11-05
EP2812418B1 (de) 2018-11-21
AU2013218073A1 (en) 2014-09-04
JP2015507052A (ja) 2015-03-05
CA2863698A1 (en) 2013-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112014025608A2 (es)
BR112014017614A2 (es)
BR112014017592A2 (es)
BR112014020145A2 (es)
BR112014017659A2 (es)
BR112014024011A2 (es)
BR112014017638A2 (es)
AR092201A1 (es)
BR112014017607A2 (es)
BR112014018653A2 (es)
BR112014019146A2 (es)
BR112013027865A2 (es)
BR112014017673A2 (es)
BR112014017647A2 (es)
BR112014017588A2 (es)
BR112014013184A8 (es)
BR112014017618A2 (es)
BR112014017652A2 (es)
BR112014019458A2 (es)
BR112014018896A2 (es)
BR112014017667A2 (es)
BR112014020070A2 (es)
BR112014018755A2 (es)
BR112014017600A2 (es)
BR112014017671A2 (es)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B08F Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]
B08K Patent lapsed as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi [chapter 8.11 patent gazette]