BR112013021896A2 - inibidores de serina/treonina cinase - Google Patents

inibidores de serina/treonina cinase

Info

Publication number
BR112013021896A2
BR112013021896A2 BR112013021896A BR112013021896A BR112013021896A2 BR 112013021896 A2 BR112013021896 A2 BR 112013021896A2 BR 112013021896 A BR112013021896 A BR 112013021896A BR 112013021896 A BR112013021896 A BR 112013021896A BR 112013021896 A2 BR112013021896 A2 BR 112013021896A2
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
kinase inhibitors
serine
threonine kinase
threonine
compositions
Prior art date
Application number
BR112013021896A
Other languages
English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Allen A Thomas
Allison L Marlow
Christopher S Siedem
Eli Wallace
Gabrielle R Kolakowski
Huifen Chen
Jacob Schwarz
James F Blake
Jason Demeese
John J Gaudino
Li Ren
Mark Joseph Chicarelli
Peter J Mohr
Robert J Kaus
Rustam Garrey
Steven Mark Wenglowsky
Original Assignee
Array Biopharma Inc
Genentech Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Array Biopharma Inc, Genentech Inc filed Critical Array Biopharma Inc
Publication of BR112013021896A2 publication Critical patent/BR112013021896A2/pt

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/044Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
    • C07D491/052Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being six-membered

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
BR112013021896A 2011-02-28 2012-02-28 inibidores de serina/treonina cinase BR112013021896A2 (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161447587P 2011-02-28 2011-02-28
PCT/US2012/027009 WO2012118850A1 (en) 2011-02-28 2012-02-28 Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR112013021896A2 true BR112013021896A2 (pt) 2016-11-08

Family

ID=45852719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR112013021896A BR112013021896A2 (pt) 2011-02-28 2012-02-28 inibidores de serina/treonina cinase

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US9133187B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP2681215B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP6085866B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR101961500B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN103635472B (https=)
BR (1) BR112013021896A2 (https=)
CA (1) CA2828478C (https=)
ES (1) ES2543050T3 (https=)
MX (1) MX339873B (https=)
RU (1) RU2013143839A (https=)
WO (1) WO2012118850A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103635472B (zh) 2011-02-28 2018-01-12 阵列生物制药公司 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂
US8710043B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2014-04-29 Amgen Inc. TRPM8 antagonists and their use in treatments
EP2723718A1 (en) 2011-06-24 2014-04-30 Amgen Inc. Trpm8 antagonists and their use in treatments
JP6097289B2 (ja) 2011-08-04 2017-03-15 アレイ バイオファーマ、インコーポレイテッド セリン/スレオニンキナーゼインヒビターとしてのキナゾリン化合物
MX353024B (es) * 2011-12-27 2017-12-18 Bio Pharm Solutions Co Ltd Compuestos de fenil carbamato para uso en la prevencion o tratamiento de epilepsia.
HUE053994T2 (hu) 2012-03-01 2021-08-30 Array Biopharma Inc Szerin/treonin kináz inhibitorok
US8952009B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-02-10 Amgen Inc. Chroman derivatives as TRPM8 inhibitors
AR092253A1 (es) 2012-08-27 2015-04-08 Array Biopharma Inc Inhibidores de serina/treonina cinasa
ES2612885T3 (es) 2012-09-19 2017-05-19 Novartis Ag Dihidro-pirrolidino-pirimidinas como inhibidoras de cinasa
JP2015533151A (ja) 2012-10-16 2015-11-19 エフ・ホフマン−ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト セリン/スレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤
JPWO2015012328A1 (ja) * 2013-07-24 2017-03-02 武田薬品工業株式会社 複素環化合物
US9532987B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2017-01-03 Genentech, Inc. Use of a combination of a MEK inhibitor and an ERK inhibitor for treatment of hyperproliferative diseases
EP3077401B1 (en) 2013-12-06 2018-04-18 Genentech, Inc. Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
KR102379517B1 (ko) * 2013-12-30 2022-03-25 제넨테크, 인크. 세린/트레오닌 키나아제 억제제
JP6642942B2 (ja) * 2013-12-30 2020-02-12 アレイ バイオファーマ、インコーポレイテッド セリン/トレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤
WO2017180581A1 (en) 2016-04-15 2017-10-19 Genentech, Inc. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for cancer
JP7039489B2 (ja) * 2016-05-18 2022-03-22 ミラティ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド Kras g12c阻害剤
AU2018329925B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2025-05-29 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for cancer
ES2967094T3 (es) 2017-09-29 2024-04-26 Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp Compuesto de pirrolidina ópticamente activo y procedimiento de producción del mismo
US10947234B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-03-16 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. PRMT5 inhibitors
EP3752200A1 (en) 2018-02-13 2020-12-23 Vib Vzw Targeting minimal residual disease in cancer with rxr antagonists
BR112021017957A2 (pt) 2019-03-28 2021-11-23 Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Derivado tienoeterocíclico, método de preparação do mesmo e uso médico do mesmo
TW202102505A (zh) 2019-03-29 2021-01-16 大陸商江蘇恆瑞醫藥股份有限公司 吡咯并雜環類衍生物、其製備方法及其在醫藥上的應用
JP2022534224A (ja) 2019-05-24 2022-07-28 江蘇恒瑞医薬股▲ふん▼有限公司 置換縮合二環式誘導体、その調製方法、および医薬におけるその適用
WO2020238791A1 (zh) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-03 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 氢化吡啶并嘧啶类衍生物、其制备方法及其在医药上的应用
CN111170929A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-05-19 北京达因高科儿童药物研究院有限公司 一种由末端烯烃制备β-氨基醇的方法
ES3033417T3 (en) * 2020-09-25 2025-08-04 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (cdk7) non-covalent inhibitors
WO2022068860A1 (zh) 2020-09-29 2022-04-07 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 一种吡咯并杂环类衍生物的晶型及其制备方法
CN115040522B (zh) * 2022-06-30 2024-02-06 牡丹江医学院 一种用于治疗肺癌的药物及其制备方法
WO2024088296A1 (zh) * 2022-10-25 2024-05-02 上海拓界生物医药科技有限公司 哌啶并嘧啶类衍生物、其制备方法及其在医药上的应用
IT202200024963A1 (it) * 2022-12-05 2024-06-05 Angelini Pharma S P A Composti attivatori dei canali potassio Kv7.2/Kv7.3
AU2024368755A1 (en) * 2023-10-23 2026-04-16 Tuojie Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Thiazolyl-containing piperidinopyrimidine derivative, preparation method therefor and medical use thereof
WO2025223512A1 (zh) * 2024-04-24 2025-10-30 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 一种二氢吡啶并嘧啶衍生物的可药用盐、结晶形式及用途
WO2026067627A1 (zh) * 2024-09-26 2026-04-02 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 一种降解剂及其用途

Family Cites Families (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995009851A1 (en) 1993-10-01 1995-04-13 Ciba-Geigy Ag Pharmacologically active pyrimidineamine derivatives and processes for the preparation thereof
JPH08503971A (ja) 1993-10-01 1996-04-30 チバ−ガイギー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト ピリミジンアミン誘導体及びその調製のための方法
US5543523A (en) 1994-11-15 1996-08-06 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Method and intermediates for the synthesis of korupensamines
IL130181A0 (en) 1996-12-05 2000-06-01 Amgen Inc Substituted pyrimidone and pyridone compounds and methods of use
US6602872B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2003-08-05 Merck & Co., Inc. Substituted pyridazines having cytokine inhibitory activity
JP4064671B2 (ja) 2000-02-25 2008-03-19 エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー アデノシン受容体モジュレーター
WO2002088079A2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Dual inhibitors of pde 7 and pde 4
WO2003030909A1 (en) 2001-09-25 2003-04-17 Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines n-substtituded by a bicyclic ring for use as kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer
CA2485166A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2003-12-04 Amgen Inc. Substituted pyrimidinone and pyridinone compounds
US7208498B2 (en) * 2002-07-15 2007-04-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Piperidino pyrimidine dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes
US7419978B2 (en) * 2003-10-22 2008-09-02 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Phenyl-aniline substituted bicyclic compounds useful as kinase inhibitors
TW200533357A (en) 2004-01-08 2005-10-16 Millennium Pharm Inc 2-(amino-substituted)-4-aryl pyrimidines and related compounds useful for treating inflammatory diseases
WO2005099711A1 (en) 2004-04-13 2005-10-27 Icagen, Inc. Polycyclic pyrimidines as potassium ion channel modulators
PE20060426A1 (es) 2004-06-02 2006-06-28 Schering Corp DERIVADOS DE ACIDO TARTARICO COMO INHIBIDORES DE MMPs, ADAMs, TACE Y TNF-alfa
US7429604B2 (en) 2004-06-15 2008-09-30 Bristol Myers Squibb Company Six-membered heterocycles useful as serine protease inhibitors
JP2008510766A (ja) 2004-08-27 2008-04-10 ゲーペーツェー ビオテック アーゲー ピリミジン誘導体
GB0420722D0 (en) 2004-09-17 2004-10-20 Addex Pharmaceuticals Sa Novel allosteric modulators
GB0428514D0 (en) 2004-12-31 2005-02-09 Prosidion Ltd Compounds
CA2606288A1 (en) 2005-04-18 2006-10-26 Neurogen Corporation Subtituted heteroaryl cb1 antagonists
WO2007028022A2 (en) * 2005-09-01 2007-03-08 Renovis, Inc. Novel compounds as p2x7 modulators and uses thereof
US7572809B2 (en) 2005-12-19 2009-08-11 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Isoquinoline aminopyrazole derivatives
MX2008010635A (es) 2006-02-16 2008-10-28 Schering Corp Derivados de pirrolidina como inhibidores de cinasa regulada por señales extracelulares.
CA2651072A1 (en) 2006-05-01 2007-11-08 Pfizer Products Inc. Substituted 2-amino-fused heterocyclic compounds
DE102006035202A1 (de) 2006-07-29 2008-01-31 Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh Konservierungsmittel auf Basis von Carbonsäureanhydriden
US20100292205A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2010-11-18 Pfizer Inc. Pyrimidone Compounds As GSK-3 Inhibitors
US7897762B2 (en) * 2006-09-14 2011-03-01 Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Llc Kinase inhibitors useful for the treatment of proliferative diseases
WO2008039882A1 (en) 2006-09-30 2008-04-03 Sanofi-Aventis U.S. Llc A combination of niacin and a prostaglandin d2 receptor antagonist
CA2672518A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Novartis Ag Organic compounds and their uses
EP2150544B1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2016-01-13 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Mapk/erk kinase inhibitors
WO2009011904A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Renovis, Inc. Compounds useful as faah modulators and uses thereof
US8530480B2 (en) 2007-09-04 2013-09-10 The Scripps Research Institute Substituted pyrimidinyl-amines as protein kinase inhibitors
CN101902912A (zh) 2007-11-06 2010-12-01 纳幕尔杜邦公司 杀真菌杂环胺
WO2009146034A2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-12-03 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Mapk/erk kinase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
TWI546290B (zh) 2008-06-27 2016-08-21 賽基艾維洛米斯研究股份有限公司 雜芳基化合物及其用途
EP2307379A2 (en) 2008-06-27 2011-04-13 Novartis AG Organic compounds
PT2370413E (pt) 2008-12-08 2015-10-23 Arena Pharm Inc Moduladores do recetor da prostaciclina (pgi2) úteis para o tratamento de distúrbios relacionados com o mesmo
CN103635472B (zh) 2011-02-28 2018-01-12 阵列生物制药公司 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂
JP6097289B2 (ja) 2011-08-04 2017-03-15 アレイ バイオファーマ、インコーポレイテッド セリン/スレオニンキナーゼインヒビターとしてのキナゾリン化合物
HUE053994T2 (hu) 2012-03-01 2021-08-30 Array Biopharma Inc Szerin/treonin kináz inhibitorok
AR092253A1 (es) 2012-08-27 2015-04-08 Array Biopharma Inc Inhibidores de serina/treonina cinasa

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2014506930A (ja) 2014-03-20
CA2828478C (en) 2019-12-31
CN103635472B (zh) 2018-01-12
WO2012118850A1 (en) 2012-09-07
EP2681215B1 (en) 2015-04-22
CN103635472A (zh) 2014-03-12
KR20140014190A (ko) 2014-02-05
EP2681215A1 (en) 2014-01-08
RU2013143839A (ru) 2015-04-10
ES2543050T3 (es) 2015-08-14
MX2013009877A (es) 2014-02-11
US20130338140A1 (en) 2013-12-19
CA2828478A1 (en) 2012-09-07
JP6085866B2 (ja) 2017-03-01
US9133187B2 (en) 2015-09-15
KR101961500B1 (ko) 2019-03-22
MX339873B (es) 2016-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112013021896A2 (pt) inibidores de serina/treonina cinase
UY34156A (es) Compuestos inhibidores de metaloenzimas
MX340756B (es) Compuestos de quinazolina como inhibidores de serina/treonina quinasa.
UY34559A (es) Inhibidores de bromodominios
EA201591497A1 (ru) Новые производные октагидропирроло[3,4-c]пиррола и их аналоги в качестве ингибиторов аутотаксина
HK1210174A1 (en) Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperproliferative|diseases
PH12014502169A1 (en) N-cyclylamides as nematicides
BR112014003693A2 (pt) amino quinazolinas como inibidores de quinase
MX341456B (es) Amino-quinolinas como inhibidores de cinasa.
PH12016501071A1 (en) Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
EA201492223A1 (ru) Новые диазаспироциклоалканы и азаспироциклоалканы
UY34765A (es) Compuestos novedosos.
EA201491456A1 (ru) Соединения-ингибиторы raf
UY34039A (es) Compuestos fungicidas
UY33925A (es) Inhibidores tricíclicos de quinasas
UY34515A (es) Triazolopiridinas sustituidas
EP3337787A4 (en) PYRAZOLO-CONDENSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS ERK INHIBITORS
BR112016014412A2 (pt) Compostos de diaminopirimidil substituído, composições do mesmo, e métodos de tratamento com o mesmo
DOP2015000059A (es) Amino-quinolinas como inhibidores de cinasa
UY34329A (es) Compuestos de triazolopiridina
MX2015013365A (es) Derivados de urea y su uso como inhibidores de proteina de union de acidos grasos (puag).
UY34038A (es) Esteres aromaticos para composiciones agroquimicas.
MX2015013374A (es) Derivados de urea y su uso como inhibidores de proteina de uniuon a acidos grasos (puag).
UY34032A (es) Nuevos inhibidores de quinasa
UY34244A (es) Compuesto heterocíclico que contiene nitrógeno

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B07D Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]
B06F Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]
B07E Notice of approval relating to section 229 industrial property law [chapter 7.5 patent gazette]

Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE ANUENCIA RELACIONADA COM O ART 229 DA LPI

B06U Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]
B06A Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]
B11B Dismissal acc. art. 36, par 1 of ipl - no reply within 90 days to fullfil the necessary requirements