BE677046A - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
BE677046A
BE677046A BE677046DA BE677046A BE 677046 A BE677046 A BE 677046A BE 677046D A BE677046D A BE 677046DA BE 677046 A BE677046 A BE 677046A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Application number
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of BE677046A publication Critical patent/BE677046A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/44Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
    • C09D5/4407Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications with polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C09D5/4411Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylates or methacrylates

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
BE677046D 1965-02-27 1966-02-25 BE677046A (xx)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0080753 1965-02-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE677046A true BE677046A (xx) 1966-08-25

Family

ID=6980835

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE677046D BE677046A (xx) 1965-02-27 1966-02-25

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3455806A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4512395B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE677046A (xx)
DE (1) DE1546840C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR1470060A (xx)
GB (1) GB1132267A (xx)

Families Citing this family (121)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1796033A1 (de) * 1968-08-20 1972-02-17 Albert Ag Chem Werke Verfahren zur Beschichtung elektrisch leitender Gegenstaende durch Elektrophorese
CA1048672A (en) * 1969-11-24 1979-02-13 Howard H. Leiner Cathodic electrocoating process and composition
US3853803A (en) * 1971-01-27 1974-12-10 Ppg Industries Inc Method of preparing a cationic acrylic electrodepositable interpolymer
CA986639A (en) * 1971-10-28 1976-03-30 Robert R. Zwack Cationic electrodepositable compositions
US3988281A (en) * 1972-05-19 1976-10-26 Shinto Paint Co., Ltd. Water-dispersible thermosetting coating composition
US4039414A (en) * 1974-06-19 1977-08-02 Scm Corporation Ultraviolet curing of electrocoating compositions
US4026855A (en) * 1974-11-19 1977-05-31 American Cyanamid Company Composition of matter particularly adaptable for use in electrodepositing films on metal
AT346989B (de) * 1977-02-07 1978-12-11 Vianova Kunstharz Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von kathodisch abscheidbaren emulsionen
US4136070A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-01-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cathodic electrodeposition of paints
USRE31803E (en) * 1977-12-12 1985-01-15 Wyandotte Paint Products Company Method for cathodic electrodeposition of coating compositions containing diels-alder adducts
USRE31616E (en) * 1977-12-12 1984-06-26 Wyandotte Paint Products Cathodic electrodeposition coating compositions containing diels-alder adducts
US4167499A (en) * 1978-05-09 1979-09-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Graft copolymer useful in electrodeposition
US4339368A (en) * 1978-11-22 1982-07-13 Wyandotte Paint Products Company Cationic coating compositions containing nitrogen heterocyclic materials
US4231907A (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-11-04 Grow Group Inc. Cathodic electrodeposition compositions employing fatty acid derivatives
US4195147A (en) * 1979-02-22 1980-03-25 Desoto, Inc. Preparation of cationic amine-functional copolymers
US4198495A (en) * 1979-03-15 1980-04-15 Desoto, Inc. Cationic amine-functional copolymers and aqueous baths containing the same
US4278579A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-07-14 Desoto, Inc. Aqueous coating systems containing bisphenol-formaldehyde ethers
US4340523A (en) * 1979-12-21 1982-07-20 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Electrocoating composition with polyhydroxyamine and epoxy
DE3171425D1 (en) * 1980-11-19 1985-08-22 Ici Plc Process of coating by electrodeposition and suitable coating compositions
DE3170652D1 (en) * 1981-12-22 1985-06-27 Wuelfing Lackwerke Method of producing water-based heat-curable lacquers for use in cathodic electro-deposition, and use thereof
US4877818A (en) * 1984-09-26 1989-10-31 Rohm And Haas Company Electrophoretically depositable photosensitive polymer composition
EP0193685B1 (en) * 1985-02-27 1987-08-26 Peintures Corona Polyoxyalkylenepolyamine reaction products and their use in cationic electrodeposition
US4677168A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-06-30 Hoy Kenneth L Water borne high solids coating compositions
US5039759A (en) * 1985-08-01 1991-08-13 Technology Corporation United Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Water borne high solids coating compositions
US5158808A (en) * 1985-08-01 1992-10-27 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Method of coating with a water borne composition
JPH05295318A (ja) * 1992-04-15 1993-11-09 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 水性塗料用樹脂組成物
US5464887A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-11-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Crosslinked unsaturated polyesters as flatting agents in aqueous electrocoating compositions
US5530043A (en) * 1994-05-25 1996-06-25 Ppg Industries, Inc. Low volatile organic content pigment grind composition
US5633307A (en) * 1994-12-16 1997-05-27 Ppg Industries, Inc. Ambient temperature curing aqueous coating composition based on polyurea resins
US5630922A (en) * 1995-12-26 1997-05-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrodepositable coating composition containing diorganotin dicarboxylates
CA2256549C (en) * 1996-06-24 2002-04-16 Ppg Industries, Inc. Anionic electrocoating compositions containing hydroxyalkylamide curing agents
US5744531A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-04-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Anionic electrocoating compositions containing hydroxyalkylamide curing agents
US5908912A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-06-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating composition containing bismuth and amino acid materials and electrodeposition method
US6017431A (en) * 1997-07-17 2000-01-25 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Cationic electrodepositable coating composition and bath thereof and process for retarding the growth of bacteria for such a bath
US6423425B1 (en) 1998-05-26 2002-07-23 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Article having a chip-resistant electrodeposited coating and a process for forming an electrodeposited coating
US6248225B1 (en) 1998-05-26 2001-06-19 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for forming a two-coat electrodeposited composite coating the composite coating and chip resistant electrodeposited coating composition
US6291027B1 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-09-18 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Processes for drying and curing primer coating compositions
US6113764A (en) * 1999-05-26 2000-09-05 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Processes for coating a metal substrate with an electrodeposited coating composition and drying the same
US6231932B1 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-05-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Processes for drying topcoats and multicomponent composite coatings on metal and polymeric substrates
US7011869B2 (en) * 1999-05-26 2006-03-14 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-stage processes for coating substrates with multi-component composite coating compositions
US6863935B2 (en) * 1999-05-26 2005-03-08 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-stage processes for coating substrates with multi-component composite coating compositions
US6596347B2 (en) 1999-05-26 2003-07-22 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-stage processes for coating substrates with a first powder coating and a second powder coating
US6221441B1 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-04-24 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Multi-stage processes for coating substrates with liquid basecoat and powder topcoat
US6290830B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2001-09-18 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coatings, aqueous rinsing systems for treating electrocoated substrates and processes related thereto
JP2001219497A (ja) 2000-02-10 2001-08-14 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 自動車用プラスチック被覆鋼板
US6437055B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-08-20 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating from gelled epoxy-polyester and amine
US6417292B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-07-09 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions including ungelled reaction products of epoxy functional polyesters and amines coated substrates and methods of electrocoating using the same
US6531043B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2003-03-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for electrocoating a metallic substrate with a primer-surfacer and articles produced thereby
JP2002066443A (ja) 2000-08-29 2002-03-05 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 塗膜形成方法
US6676820B2 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-01-13 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
US7000313B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2006-02-21 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for fabricating circuit assemblies using electrodepositable dielectric coating compositions
US6713587B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2004-03-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable dielectric coating compositions and methods related thereto
US6951707B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2005-10-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for creating vias for circuit assemblies
EP1639020B1 (en) 2003-06-24 2015-01-28 PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. Aqueous dispersions of microparticles having a nanoparticulate phase and coating compositions containing the same
US20050208319A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-22 Finley James J Methods for forming an electrodeposited coating over a coated substrate and articles made thereby
US20100184911A1 (en) 2009-01-22 2010-07-22 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Aqueous dispersions of polymer-enclosed particles, related coating compositions and coated substrates
US20060141143A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-29 J Mccollum Gregory Method for creating circuit assemblies
US8748007B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2014-06-10 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coating compositions exhibiting corrosion resistance properties, related coated articles and methods
US8097093B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-01-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc Methods for treating a ferrous metal substrate
US9428410B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2016-08-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for treating a ferrous metal substrate
US8057654B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2011-11-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodeposition of dielectric coatings on semiconductive substrates
US8282801B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2012-10-09 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for passivating a metal substrate and related coated metal substrates
EP2683767A1 (en) 2011-03-06 2014-01-15 King Industries, Inc. Compositions of a metal amidine complex and second compound, coating compositions comprising same
US9758426B2 (en) 2011-06-29 2017-09-12 Vitro, S.A.B. De C.V. Reflective article having a sacrificial cathodic layer
US10017861B2 (en) 2011-08-03 2018-07-10 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing a rare earth metal, associated methods for treating metal substrates, and related coated metal substrates
WO2013033372A1 (en) 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Two-step zinc phosphating process
US20130081950A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Acid cleaners for metal substrates and associated methods for cleaning and coating metal substrates
US8852357B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2014-10-07 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc Rheology modified pretreatment compositions and associated methods of use
US9870844B2 (en) 2012-11-27 2018-01-16 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods of coating an electrically conductive substrate and related electrodepositable compositions
US8845873B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2014-09-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Near neutral buoyancy texture additive for electrodepositable coating compositions and associated methods for forming textured coated substrates
US9150736B2 (en) 2012-11-27 2015-10-06 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods of coating an electrically conductive substrate and related electrodepositable compositions
US10763490B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2020-09-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods of coating an electrically conductive substrate and related electrodepositable compositions including graphenic carbon particles
US20130146460A1 (en) 2011-12-13 2013-06-13 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Resin based post rinse for improved throwpower of electrodepositable coating compositions on pretreated metal substrates
US9534074B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2017-01-03 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Aqueous resinous dispersions that include a zinc (II) amidine complex and methods for the manufacture thereof
US8945365B2 (en) 2012-07-13 2015-02-03 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions exhibiting resistance to cratering
US8992753B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2015-03-31 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable aqueous resinous dispersions and low gloss coatings produced therefrom
CN104718312B (zh) 2012-08-29 2017-03-15 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 含有钼的锆预处理组合物,用于处理金属基材的相关方法和相关的涂覆的金属基材
KR20150046303A (ko) 2012-08-29 2015-04-29 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 리튬을 함유하는 지르코늄 전처리 조성물, 관련된 금속 기판 처리 방법 및 관련된 코팅된 금속 기판
US20140131212A1 (en) 2012-11-12 2014-05-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions containing dimethyl catalyst
EP2757123A3 (en) 2013-01-18 2017-11-01 PPG Industries Ohio Inc. Clear electrodepositable primers for radiator coatings
JP6262258B2 (ja) 2013-03-06 2018-01-17 ピーピージー・インダストリーズ・オハイオ・インコーポレイテッドPPG Industries Ohio,Inc. 鉄金属基板を処理するための方法
US20140255608A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coatings that exhibit a tri-coat appearance, related coating methods and substrates
US9303167B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-05 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for preparing and treating a steel substrate
US9068089B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Phenolic admix for electrodepositable coating composition containing a cyclic guanidine
US20150315718A1 (en) 2014-05-05 2015-11-05 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Metal pretreatment modification for improved throwpower
US10173176B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2019-01-08 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for preparing a resin-treated microporous membrane
EP3338317B1 (en) * 2015-08-20 2020-10-07 PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods of coating an electrically conductive substrate and related electrodepositable compositions
US10113070B2 (en) 2015-11-04 2018-10-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Pretreatment compositions and methods of treating a substrate
US20170306497A1 (en) 2016-04-25 2017-10-26 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. System for nickel-free zinc phosphate pretreatment
US20170306498A1 (en) 2016-04-25 2017-10-26 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Activating rinse and method for treating a substrate
KR102336346B1 (ko) 2016-06-30 2021-12-06 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 개선된 크레이터 제어능을 갖는 전착성 코팅 조성물
WO2018005869A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating composition having improved crater control
US10961403B2 (en) 2016-07-26 2021-03-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions containing 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds
EP3504356A1 (en) 2016-08-24 2019-07-03 PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. Alkaline composition for treating metal substrates
WO2018049158A1 (en) 2016-09-08 2018-03-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods of coating an electrically conductive substrate and related electrodepositable compositions including graphenic carbon particles
KR102325094B1 (ko) 2017-02-07 2021-11-10 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 저온 경화 접착 조성물
RU2760839C2 (ru) 2017-03-01 2021-11-30 Ппг Индастриз Огайо, Инк. Композиции электроосаждаемого покрытия
US10370545B2 (en) 2017-09-19 2019-08-06 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Low VOC anionic electrodepositable coating composition
MX2020006564A (es) 2017-12-20 2020-09-25 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Composiciones de recubrimiento electrodepositables y recubrimientos electricamente conductores resultantes de las mismas.
US20210332251A1 (en) 2018-08-27 2021-10-28 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated Substrates and Methods of Preparing the Same
US20200062969A1 (en) 2018-08-27 2020-02-27 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated substrates and methods of preparing the same
KR20210072056A (ko) 2018-10-15 2021-06-16 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 전도성 기판 전기코팅 시스템
MX2021008869A (es) 2019-01-23 2021-08-19 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Sistema para electrorrecubrimiento de sustratos conductores.
CN114616297A (zh) 2019-09-06 2022-06-10 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 可电沉积的涂层组合物
EP4077551A1 (en) 2019-12-20 2022-10-26 PPG Industries Ohio Inc. Electrodepositable coating composition including a phyllosilicate pigment and a dispersing agent
KR20220121257A (ko) 2019-12-31 2022-08-31 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 전착성 코팅 조성물
MX2022010567A (es) 2020-02-26 2022-11-07 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Recubrimiento dielectrico de dos capas.
US11485864B2 (en) 2020-02-26 2022-11-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating composition having improved crater control
CA3199506A1 (en) 2020-12-18 2022-06-23 Corey James DEDOMENIC Thermally conductive and electrically insulating and/or fire-retardant electrodepositable coating compositions
EP4271721A1 (en) 2020-12-31 2023-11-08 PPG Industries Ohio Inc. Phosphate resistant electrodepositable coating compositions
MX2023010222A (es) 2021-03-05 2023-10-27 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Composiciones de recubrimiento electrodepositable.
EP4301817A1 (en) 2021-03-05 2024-01-10 PRC-Desoto International, Inc. Corrosion inhibiting coating compositions
EP4301816A1 (en) 2021-03-05 2024-01-10 PRC-Desoto International, Inc. Coating compositions comprising a polysulfide corrosion inhibitor
AU2022282534A1 (en) 2021-05-25 2023-12-14 Prc-Desoto International, Inc. Composite structures comprising metal substrates
CA3218801A1 (en) 2021-06-24 2022-12-29 Corey James DEDOMENIC Electrodepositable coating compositions
EP4363510A1 (en) 2021-07-01 2024-05-08 PPG Industries Ohio Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions
CA3222684A1 (en) 2021-07-01 2023-01-05 Brian Carl OKERBERG Electrodepositable coating compositions
CN117769585A (zh) 2021-07-01 2024-03-26 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 可电沉积的涂层组合物
WO2023183770A1 (en) 2022-03-21 2023-09-28 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions
WO2024040217A1 (en) 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions
WO2024073305A1 (en) 2022-09-27 2024-04-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Electrodepositable coating compositions

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2206090A (en) * 1937-05-17 1940-07-02 Warwick Chemical Co Waterproofing composition and similar emulsion
LU28859A1 (xx) * 1942-07-31
US2728751A (en) * 1953-02-25 1955-12-27 Du Pont Long chain acrylic type ester/aminostyrene copolymers
US3287305A (en) * 1953-10-30 1966-11-22 Ciba Ltd Cationactive dispersions of finely divided water-insoluble cationactive polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups
US2811494A (en) * 1954-02-05 1957-10-29 Eastman Kodak Co Ampholytic, hydrophilic, polymeric solutions and mixtures thereof with gelatin
NL226112A (xx) * 1957-03-22
BE579177A (xx) * 1958-05-29 1900-01-01
US3048501A (en) * 1959-06-23 1962-08-07 Rohm & Haas Paper products having a coating of mineral pigment in a binder of ammonium or amine salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, acrylamide or methacrylamide, and a (c1-c4)-alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, and production thereof
US3159558A (en) * 1960-08-26 1964-12-01 American Bitumuls & Asphalt Co Process for electro-deposition of bituminous materials
GB1027813A (en) * 1962-02-27 1966-04-27 Goodlass Wall & Co Ltd A process for the deposition of pigmented resinous films on metal objects
US3230162A (en) * 1963-08-14 1966-01-18 Ford Motor Co Electropainting process and paint binder concentrate composition therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1470060A (fr) 1967-02-17
US3455806A (en) 1969-07-15
JPS4512395B1 (xx) 1970-05-06
DE1546840B2 (de) 1974-07-04
DE1546840A1 (de) 1971-02-18
DE1546840C3 (de) 1975-05-22
GB1132267A (en) 1968-10-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPS4512395B1 (xx)
JPS4419191Y1 (xx)
JPS4429953Y1 (xx)
JPS447144Y1 (xx)
JPS4526762Y1 (xx)
JPS449101Y1 (xx)
JPS4430978Y1 (xx)
JPS43169Y1 (xx)
BE674965A (xx)
BE674826A (xx)
NL6604958A (xx)
NL6604005A (xx)
NL134328C (xx)
BE675290A (xx)
BE675245A (xx)
BE675235A (xx)
BE675211A (xx)
BE675176A (xx)
BE675149A (xx)
BE675100A (xx)
BE675074A (xx)
BE675070A (xx)
BE675016A (xx)
BE674619A (xx)
BE674958A (xx)