BE340454A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE340454A BE340454A BE340454DA BE340454A BE 340454 A BE340454 A BE 340454A BE 340454D A BE340454D A BE 340454DA BE 340454 A BE340454 A BE 340454A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- defined under
- metalloids
- process defined
- materials
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 molybene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium sulfate Chemical class [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#B Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000414 obstructive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/10—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with stationary catalyst bed
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
"Procédé pour l'exécution d'opérations dans lesquelles des hydrocarbures sont soumis à de hautes températures".
Il a été démontré ailleurs qu'il est avantageux, dans la conversion a haute température d'hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition élevé en hydrocarbures ayant un point d'ébullition inférieur, d'éviter que les hydrocarbures en- trent en contact avec des matériaux qui favorisent le dépôt de coke ou de suie.
Or, on a trouvé d'après la présente invention que ce mode opératoire peut également être utilisé avec avantage dans d'autres procédés dans lesquels des hydrocarbures ga- zeux -ou liquides ou des mélanges qui en renferment, tels que
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
par exemple les huiles de goudron de lignite, des suspen- sions de charbon etc., sont soumis . des températures éle- vées. Il y a par exemple intérêt à appliquer le présent mode opératiore à la conversion d'hydrocarbures gazeux en hydro- carbures liquides, en mettant les gaz ou vapeurs, tant qu'ils possèdent une température élevée, soit avant, pendant et après la réaction, exclusivement en contact avec des matériauxqui ne provoquent pas de dépôt de suie.
Le procédé est aussi intéressant pour d'autres cas, par exemple pour la distil- lation ou la déshydrogénation de composés hydroaromatiques, pour l'extraction de charbons avec ou sans pression, pour la fixation d'hydrogene sur les hydrocarbures incomplets, par exemple pour l'hydrogénation de l'éthylène en éthane, puis aussi pour des opérations dans lesquelles des hydro- carbures ou des mélanges qui en renferment prennent seule- ment naissance, par exemple pour la déshydratation ou la réduction de composés organiques oxygénés tels que les phénols, des extraits de charbon, etc. Les avantages du procédé sont surtout remarquables lorsqu'on travaille avec des hydrocarbures liquides sous pression.
Le procédé peut par exemple aussi être appliqué à la distillation de mélanges d'hydrocarbures avec traitement catalytique subséquent des vapeurs en présence ou en l'absence de gaz réagissants. Les substances capables de provoquer le dépôt de suie, notamment le ferlibre, doivent donc être absolument exclues des par- ties chaudes des appareils. Mais il est bien à remarquer que le fer sous forme d'alliages tels que les aciers au chrome, au manganèse, au tungstène, etc. n'est pas nuisible.
On peut utiliser conformément à la présente inven- tion comme matériaux pour les parois intérieures de l'encein- te où s'effectue la réaction, ainsi que des conduites chaudes
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
d'arrivée et de sortie et éventuellement des échangeurs de température ou de dispositifs analogues, notamment les mé- taux précieux, le quartz, le ferrosilicium, le mica, la por- celaine vernie ou fondue, l'aluminium, le molybdène, le tan- tale, le chrome, ainsi que les alliages du chrome, du man- anèse, du molybdène, du cobalt, etc., ceux-ci avec ou sans revêtement de charbon miroitant, ou encore d'autres matériaux, par exemple le charbon, revêtus de charbon miroitant.
L'em- ploi de catalyseurs n'est, par exemple pour la conversion d'hydrocarburesgazeux en hydrocarbures liquides, pas abso- lument indispensable, mais on a trouvé qu'on peut, si l'on veut en utiliser, se servir de toutes les substances qui ne provoquent pas ou en tout cas pas en mesure notable de dépôt de carbone dans les conditions opératoires adoptées. On peut donc prendre par exemple les matériaux cités'ci-dessus, ou bien la silice, la pierre-ponce, la porcelaine, le carbonate de baryum, le charbon imbibé de sels barytiques, le bore, le tungstène, etc., seuls ou répartis sur des supports ap- propriés etc. ou accompagnées d'autres composés.
On a trouvé en outre qu'on peu considérablement réduire ou complètement éviter le dépôt de coke et de suie, en ajoutant aux matériaux métalliques avec lesquelles les hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux entrent en contact, des métalloïdes ou en mettant ceux-ci en présence de ces maté- riaux. Des traces d'additions etc, de ce genre sont souvent déjà suffisantes. Le bore ou ses composés sont particuliè- rement propres à cet emploi. Mais l'arsenic, l'antimoine, le bismuth, le phosphore, le sélénium s'y prêtent également, le cas échéant aussi le soufre et le silicium. Ces additions etc. peuvent s'effectuer de fagons fort diverses; on peut
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
par exemple utiliser des matériaux, tels que le fer, le cui- vre, etc., alliés avec du bore, etc.
Mais il suffit déjà en général de munir les matériaux d'un léger enduit des substances additionnelles en les humectant d'acide borique ou en les traitant par des gaz borés ou arséniés etc. Il peut être parfois aussi avantageux d'ajouter de l'acide bo- rique etc. aux matériaux non métalliques qui peuvent se trou- ver dans les appareils, notamment aux masses isolantes en magnésie etc. ou aux masses de contact, ou bien d'utiliser pour ces emplois des matières, telles que le nitrure de bore, le kieselgur , le mica, etc., qui renferment des métalloïdes.
Le mode opératoire consistant à opérer en présence de métalloïdes ou de leurs composés a également un intérêt pratique pour les procédés qui utilisent l'oxyde de carbone ou des mélanges qui en renferment, ainsi que pour la conver- sion d'hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition élevé en hydro- carbures de point d'ébullition inférieur.
EXEMPLE 1.
EMI4.1
##*
Traiter un tube capable de supporter de fortes pres- sions et doublé intérieurement d'un tube de cuivra, pendant 2 heures, par une solution d'acide borique, puis faire sécher apres évacuation de la solution. Le tube est garni de gel de silice qui a été revête, par traitement aux vapeurs de benzene vers 500 , d'un enduit de charbon miroitant, puis il est porté par chauffage extérieur à 500-600 . On y fait alors passer sous 40 atmosphères de pression un mélange consistant
EMI4.2
en 8C1 d'éthylene, 15 ; d'hydrogène et 5 d'oxyde de carbone, et on recueille dans le condenseur refroidi sous pression un liquide renfermant des hydrocarbures benzéniques.
Si l'on ,néglige par contre le traitement à l'acide borique, on obtient
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
bien au début des produits liquides, mais il se produit tres rapidement une obstruction totale de l'intérieur du four par dépôt de carbone.
EXEMPLE 2.
EMI5.1
###*
On distille du goudron de lignite dans une chau- diere dont la surface intérieure consiste en matière qui ne ,provoque pas de dépôt de croûtes de carbone, par exemple en fer les vapeurs qui s'échappent sont dirigées sur une masse de contact à base d'alumine chauffée au-delà de 700 et placée dans une enceinte dont la paroi consiste éga- lement en une matière ne provoquant pas de dépôt de carbone, par exemple en tôle d'alliage de Monel (alliage de nickel et de cuivre). On obtient par condensation des benzines accom-' pagnées d'hydrocarbures aromatiques.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
"Process for carrying out operations in which hydrocarbons are subjected to high temperatures".
It has been shown elsewhere that it is advantageous in the high temperature conversion of high boiling point hydrocarbons to lower boiling point hydrocarbons to prevent the hydrocarbons from coming into contact with materials. which promote the deposition of coke or soot.
However, it has been found according to the present invention that this procedure can also be used with advantage in other processes in which gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons or mixtures which contain them, such as
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
eg lignite tar oils, coal suspensions etc., are subject. high temperatures. It is for example advantageous to apply the present procedure to the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons, by putting the gases or vapors, as long as they have a high temperature, that is to say before, during and after the reaction, exclusively in contact with materials which do not cause soot to deposit.
The process is also interesting for other cases, for example for the distillation or dehydrogenation of hydroaromatic compounds, for the extraction of coals with or without pressure, for the fixation of hydrogen on incomplete hydrocarbons, for example for the hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane, then also for operations in which hydrocarbons or mixtures which contain them only arise, for example for the dehydration or reduction of oxygenated organic compounds such as phenols, coal extracts, etc. The advantages of the process are especially remarkable when working with liquid hydrocarbons under pressure.
The process can for example also be applied to the distillation of mixtures of hydrocarbons with subsequent catalytic treatment of the vapors in the presence or in the absence of reacting gases. Substances capable of causing the deposit of soot, in particular loose iron, must therefore be absolutely excluded from the hot parts of the devices. But it should be noted that iron in the form of alloys such as chromium, manganese, tungsten, etc. is not harmful.
It is possible to use in accordance with the present invention as materials for the interior walls of the chamber where the reaction takes place, as well as for hot pipes.
<Desc / Clms Page number 3>
inlet and outlet and possibly temperature exchangers or similar devices, in particular precious metals, quartz, ferrosilicon, mica, varnished or molten porcelain, aluminum, molybdenum, tan - tale, chromium, as well as alloys of chromium, mananese, molybdenum, cobalt, etc., these with or without a shimmering carbon coating, or even other materials, for example coal, coated in shimmering charcoal.
The use of catalysts, for example for the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons, is not absolutely essential, but it has been found that it is possible, if one wishes to use them, to use all of them. substances which do not cause or in any case not capable of appreciable carbon deposition under the operating conditions adopted. We can therefore take, for example, the materials mentioned above, or else silica, pumice stone, porcelain, barium carbonate, carbon impregnated with barite salts, boron, tungsten, etc., alone or distributed over appropriate media etc. or accompanied by other compounds.
It has also been found that one can considerably reduce or completely avoid the deposition of coke and soot, by adding to the metallic materials with which liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons come into contact, metalloids or by bringing them into the presence of these. materials. Traces of additions etc. of this kind are often already sufficient. Boron or its compounds are particularly suitable for this use. But arsenic, antimony, bismuth, phosphorus, selenium are also suitable, if necessary also sulfur and silicon. These additions etc. can be done in very different ways; we can
<Desc / Clms Page number 4>
for example using materials, such as iron, copper, etc., alloyed with boron, etc.
But it is already generally enough to provide the materials with a light coating of additional substances by moistening them with boric acid or by treating them with borated or arsenic gases, etc. It can sometimes also be advantageous to add boric acid etc. non-metallic materials which may be found in devices, in particular insulating masses made of magnesia, etc. or to contact masses, or else to use for these uses materials, such as boron nitride, diatomaceous earth, mica, etc., which contain metalloids.
The procedure of operating in the presence of metalloids or their compounds is also of practical interest for processes which use carbon monoxide or mixtures which contain it, as well as for the conversion of carbon monoxide. High boiling in lower boiling point hydrocarbons.
EXAMPLE 1.
EMI4.1
## *
Treat a tube capable of withstanding strong pressures and lined on the inside with a copper tube, for 2 hours, with a solution of boric acid, then dry after evacuating the solution. The tube is lined with silica gel which has been coated, by treatment with benzene vapors around 500, with a coating of shimmering carbon, then it is brought by external heating to 500-600. A mixture is then passed under 40 atmospheres of pressure.
EMI4.2
ethylene 8C1, 15; of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a liquid containing benzene hydrocarbons is collected in the cooled condenser under pressure.
If, on the other hand, the treatment with boric acid is neglected, one obtains
<Desc / Clms Page number 5>
well at the beginning of liquid products, but very quickly a total obstruction of the interior of the furnace by carbon deposition occurs.
EXAMPLE 2.
EMI5.1
### *
Lignite tar is distilled in a boiler whose inner surface consists of material which does not cause the deposition of carbon crusts, for example iron; the vapors which escape are directed onto a contact mass based on carbon. Alumina heated to above 700 and placed in an enclosure whose wall also consists of a material which does not cause carbon deposition, for example of Monel alloy sheet (alloy of nickel and copper). Benzines accompanied by aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained by condensation.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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BE340454A true BE340454A (en) |
Family
ID=17239
Family Applications (1)
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- BE BE340454D patent/BE340454A/fr unknown
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