BE1026352A1 - METHOD AND BUILDING ELEMENT FOR FORMING A BULL-OUT WINDOW - Google Patents

Abstract

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a building element for forming a protruding window, which building element comprises a tunnel-shaped frame enclosing an internal space and comprising open end parts, wherein a first end part of the frame is a mounting end part configured for mounting the frame. building element in and / or over a building opening, and wherein a second end part of the frame is a window end part, configured for receiving a window, the building element further comprising an insulating sheath enclosing the frame. In particular, the frame is then constructed from one or more connected metal plate structures, which plate structures enclose the internal space. In further aspects, the invention further relates to a facade structure provided with such a building element, and a method for placing a projecting window.

Description

METHOD AND CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR FORMING

A BULL-OUT WINDOW

TECHNICAL DOMAIN

The invention relates to building elements such as bay windows, dormer windows and overhanging windows, to facade structures provided with such building elements, and furthermore to methods for forming such building elements.

BACKGROUND ART

Building elements such as bay windows, dormer windows and overhanging windows are used as an extension to the interior of a building; they typically protrude with respect to the further facade and / or roof structure.

Bay windows are known per se from the state of the art. For example, US 2006 042 178 A1 describes a frame for a bay window. The frame is equipped with flanges that allow a simple connection with a building opening.

US 5 400 557 A describes another bay window element that can be attached to the facade structure of a building. The glass panes of the element are set in a wooden frame

Finally, US 2005 246 978 A1 describes how a bay window can be tensioned against a facade structure, e.g. an upward traction cable with hook. However, such pull cables, just like braces, disturb the tight view of the bay window. Moreover, the installation method is very complex.

A number of important properties of these building elements are their load-bearing capacity, the extent to which they let in light, their soundproof, moisture-proof and draft-proof connection to the further façade structure, their insulating capacity and i.h.b. the absence of thermal bridges, their light and delicate design, their sleek appearance and their durability. Furthermore, it is advantageous if they can be easily transported and installed. Another important point is that they are designed and installed in accordance with applicable regulations. If

BE2019 / 5344 For example, just about all construction and renovation projects in Flanders must comply with the EPB energy performance regulations.

The present invention has for its object to provide an improved building element for forming a protruding window. The building element preferably has a clear appearance and large bearing capacity, and can be installed particularly easily.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To this end, the invention provides a building element according to claim 1. The building element comprises a tunnel-shaped frame with two open end parts, which frame is enclosed by an insulating sheath. In particular, the frame is made up of one or more interconnected metal plate structures. These enclose the internal space of the building element. The frame therefore preferably comprises a plate frame.

Compared to a framework of hollow or open profiles, the wall thickness with a substantially closed frame of sheet structures can be taken much thinner, while maintaining mechanical properties. In addition, flat sheet structures are compatible with a layered design of the building element, wherein the tunnel-shaped frame serves as a structural layer and where a tunnel-shaped, insulating sheath is responsible for the thermal insulation layer around it. Instead of pressing the total tunnel wall thickness, another compromise can of course also be made, in favor of the load-bearing capacity and / or the insulation value of the building element.

In a further embodiment, the said plate structures are connected to a tube, which tube encloses the internal space of the building element. The overall bending strength and bending stiffness of the building element is thereby maximized, due to the profile effect of the box structure. Optionally, one or more of the plate structures are further provided with one or more reinforcing ribs.

In further aspects, the invention further relates to a facade structure according to claim 14 and a method according to claim 15.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figures 1A-I are schematic representations of load-bearing frames according to possible embodiments of the building element.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a building with facade structures according to a possible embodiment of the invention.

Figures 3A-D show lateral cross-sections of facade structures. They are thereby provided with building elements according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Figures 4A and 4B show frontal cross-sections of building elements according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Figures 5A and 5B show detail sections of a building element with a tunnel-shaped frame, which frame is respectively composed of a frame of metal tubes (open frame), and of mutually connected, ribbed metal plate structures according to an embodiment of the present invention (closed frame).

Figures 6A-G show a number of schematic cross-sections of facade structures, according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Finally, Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-section of a facade structure and a building element, according to yet another possible embodiment, also in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a building element for forming a projecting window, a facade structure provided with such a building element, and furthermore a method for placing a projecting window.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used in the description of the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art of the invention. For a better assessment of the description of the invention, the following terms are explicitly explained.

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A, the and the reference in this document to both the singular and the plural unless the context clearly presupposes otherwise. For example, a segment means one or more than one segment.

When approximately or around in this document is used with a measurable quantity, a parameter, a duration or moment, and the like, variations are meant of +/- 20% or less, preferably +/- 10% or less, more at preferably +/- 5% or less, even more preferably +/- 1% or less, and even more preferably +/- 0.1% or less than and of the quoted value, insofar as such variations apply in the described invention. However, it must be understood that the value of the quantity at which the term is used approximately or around is itself specifically disclosed.

The terms include, comprising, consisting of, provided with, containing, containing, including, including, including, including its synonyms and its inclusive or open terms indicating the presence of what follows, and which do not exclude or preclude the presence of other components, features, elements, members, steps, known from or described in the prior art.

The term building element, as used herein, refers to an element designed for architectural applications. Among other things, the load-bearing capacity and the insulation value have been adjusted accordingly.

A protruding window is a protruding / protruding part of a facade structure. It is preferably a window that is provided with, or at least can be provided with, a glass pane. The surface of that glass pane is thereby located substantially in front of the further façade surface. The window therefore protrudes / protrudes in relation to the further facade structure. In that sense, projecting windows are related to bay windows and dormer windows. Overhanging windows can be provided in wall openings, in roof openings and in wall-to-roof openings, with reference to figure 2. They can be applied, inter alia, to floor height and to parapet height. Optionally, a protruding window extends vertically over several floors.

The citation of numerical intervals by the end points includes all integers, fractions and / or real numbers between the end points, including these end points.

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In a first aspect the invention relates to a building element for forming a protruding window, which building element comprises a tunnel-shaped frame enclosing an internal space and comprising open end parts, wherein a first end part of the frame is a mounting end part, configured for mounting the building element in and / or over a building opening, and wherein a second end portion of the frame is a window end portion configured for receiving a window, the building element further comprising an insulating sheath enclosing the frame. In particular, the frame is made up of one or more interconnected metal plate structures. These plate structures thereby enclose at least partially the aforementioned internal space of the frame / building element.

According to possible embodiments, the metal plate structure or plate structures is optionally supplemented with further wall parts, and together they form the frame. That is, they connect the said metal plate structures to a tunnel-shaped frame. At least one tunnel wall is preferably formed by a metal plate structure. For example, in the case of a tubular frame with a bottom wall, a top wall and two side walls, it is possible that only the bottom wall is formed by a metal plate structure. Alternatively, it only concerns the top wall, only one side wall, both side walls, a side wall and the bottom wall, a side wall and the top wall, both the bottom wall and the top wall, or even all but one walls (e.g. one of the side walls, the bottom wall or the top wall).

According to other possible embodiments, both the bottom wall, the top wall and both side walls consist of metal plate structures. However, the invention is by no means limited to this. The remaining tunnel walls can be made in other plate materials, for example in transparent plate materials such as glass plates. The frame is preferably enclosed at least at the level of the metal sheet structures by an insulating sheath (with a view to thermal insulation). This is not necessarily the case for the remaining tunnel walls.

Preferably, the frame is the main structural component of the building element. The frame can thereby be directly attached to a supporting structure that surrounds a building opening, via the attachment end part (also called: proximal end part). From that building opening the frame then extends in a longitudinal direction, tunnel-shaped, up to the window end part (also: distal end part). It can support a window there. The frame encloses an internal space,

BE2019 / 5344 between the two open end parts. In the installed state of the building element, this internal space forms an extension to the interior space of the building.

The fixing end part is preferably specially adapted for fixing thereof in and / or over a building opening. In a possible embodiment, it has a shape that is congruent with the shape of the building opening. This shape can be, for example, triangular, quadrangular, n-angular (n> 4), circular or oval. The invention is limited to none of these forms.

Optionally, the frame on the mounting end part is provided with mounting holes (e.g. for mounting via concrete anchors) and / or mounting clamps. Alternatively, no use is made of such means; for example, the frame can easily be glued in and / or over a building opening. Preferably, the fixing end part is directly attached in or over the building opening, wherein there is direct contact with the edge parts of the building opening. Sealants may also be provided between them.

The window end part is configured to receive a window. The window end part preferably comprises at least means for providing one or more windows or glass panes, for example a window frame or means for direct reception of a glass panes. Optionally, the building component is prefabricated with a window frame with one or more windows designed as a hinged window, a pivoting window, a pop-up window, a sash window, a down window, a sliding sash window, an insert sash window, a sash window, a swivel window, a sliding sliding door, a fixed window or any combination thereof. However, this is not necessarily the case. Preferably, the fragile glass panes are supplied separately from the building element, and are only included in the window end part after installation of the building element.

The mounting end part and window end part are open end parts, in the sense that they are provided with an opening. Near the fixing end part, the corresponding opening, in the installed state of the building element, provides access to the internal space of the building element, from and through the building opening. Near the window end part, the corresponding opening is suitable for receiving a window. The openings preferably extend substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the frame. Preferably, the aperture (or apertures) on the attachment end portion covers at least 75% of the transverse surface of the attachment end portion, viewed from the end attachment side. Preferably

BE2019 / 5344 covers the opening (or covers) at the window end part at least 75% of the transverse surface of the window end part, viewed from the front window side.

However, the invention is not limited to openings that extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel-shaped frame. A possible alternative is shown, for example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6C. Nor is the invention limited to flat openings that extend in one plane. Generally, the openings can run along a curved or angular surface. A possible embodiment thereof is shown in FIG. 7.

Preferably, the frame comprises substantially a metal, which may refer to any alloy herein. Typically the frame can be made of steel, stainless steel or aluminum; however, this is not necessarily the case. In general, metals have a relatively high rigidity, tensile strength and toughness, which makes them exceptionally suitable for forming a supporting frame for a projecting window. A major drawback is that metals have a relatively high thermal conductivity. Now the building element further comprises an insulating sheath which encloses the (metal) frame on the outside, between said end parts, to remedy this. The casing extends, as it were, circumferentially around the frame, from near the fixing end part to near the window end part. The sheath thereby forms a tunnel-shaped thermal insulation which is mounted over the tunnel-shaped frame.

Among other things, this construction is particularly advantageous for applying the building element in or over a wall opening of a traditional, multi-layered wall. Such walls typically comprise a bearing layer and an insulation layer that extends externally to the bearing layer. The frame can now be attached directly to the bearing layer via the fixing end part; it provides a load-bearing cantilever, from the load-bearing layer of the wall. The insulating sheath, on the other hand, can adjoin the insulating layer of the wall near the mounting end portion of the frame; it also provides an insulating projection from that insulation layer. The thermal insulation therefore also protrudes without interruption.

In particular, the frame is made up of one or more connected metal plate structures. The frame therefore preferably comprises a plate frame. Preferably the plate structures are integrally connected (e.g. welded or from a larger plate structure

BE2019 / 5344), the material not being interrupted at the joints. However, this is not necessarily the case; they may be connected mechanically (e.g. via threaded bolts and nuts, rivets, metal screws) or even chemically (e.g. via metal adhesives). The invention is not limited to any of these connection techniques.

Compared to an open frame framework (I-profiles, T-profiles, H-profiles, L-profiles, U-profiles, tube profiles, tubular profiles, ...) a closed frame of sheet structures, with comparable mechanical properties, although with more material, comprises but it already has a smaller wall thickness. In addition, sheet structures are compatible with the layered design of the building element, the insulating sheath enclosing the sheet structures of the frame. The sheath thereby forms a thermally insulating, tunnel-shaped outer layer around the tunnel-shaped frame as such, as described above. Preferably, the insulating sheath extends substantially parallel to the said plate structures that it covers. An important advantage of the use of sheet material is now that the total tunnel wall thickness of the building element can be taken thinner, while maintaining robustness and insulation value. The building element thereby acquires a slimmer appearance. The incidence of light can also be maximized; after all, the opening at the window end part can be chosen larger, for the same outer circumference of the building element.

Optionally the plate structures are provided with openings; for example, they are provided with uniform perforations. In this context, it is still possible to speak of a substantially closed frame of plate structures. However, this is preferably not the case, since the plate thickness then has to be taken larger, so that the mechanical properties are retained. The building element preferably only provides window openings at the window end part, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the building element. Side window openings cause a weakening of the frame.

According to alternative embodiments, one or more of the plate structures are indeed provided with additional window openings, suitable for receiving their own glass pane. This glass pane is then oriented sideways, down or up.

The plate structures preferably have a thickness of at least 3 mm and at most 40 mm, more preferably at least 4 mm and at most 35 mm, more preferably

BE2019 / 5344 a maximum of 30 mm, more preferably a maximum of 25 mm, a further preferably a maximum of 20 mm, a further preferably a maximum of 15 mm, a further preferably a minimum of 5 mm.

Conversely, the load capacity and the maximum run-out depth can be increased, while maintaining tunnel wall thickness. The same reasoning is followed as above. This building element can therefore be self-supporting, whereby it is no longer necessary to provide tension cables and / or push braces. Preferably, the depth of cut-out, in the installed state, is at least 5 cm and at most 300 cm, more preferably at most 200 cm, more preferably at most 100 cm, more preferably at least 10 cm, for example about 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, 100 cm or any other value in between. The load-bearing capacity on the floor surface is preferably at least 100 kg / m ² , more preferably at least 200 kg / m ² , more preferably at least 300 kg / m ² . When the component is installed at the floor level, the floor can continuously extend into the internal space of the component. The building element thus forms a fully-fledged extension to the interior of the building.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the said plate structures are connected to a tube. The sleeve encloses the internal space of the frame. In cross section, the sleeve can comprise any profile, for example a square profile, a rectangular profile, a regular or irregular polygonal profile, an oval profile, a round profile, a star-shaped profile and the like. Optionally, the sleeve extends narrowly, from the mounting end part to the window end part. Optionally, the sleeve extends widening, from the mounting end part to the window end part. In a possible, non-limitative embodiment, the building element comprises one curved plate structure that is welded on its own into a global tube with a circular profile. The sleeve is thereby externally coated by means of an insulating jacket. Non-limitative embodiments of tubular frames that extend narrowing and / or widening are shown in FIG. 6A-G.

From profiles it is generally known that, for the same amount of material per meter running, the flexural strength and flexural rigidity are much higher than is the case with solid pieces. After all, as much material as possible is present on the outside. Now, rather than an open framework with a plurality of constituent profiles, the present invention provides a substantially closed frame of sheet structures.

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However, these plate structures are per se connected to one global sleeve, whereby they form a global sleeve profile. The internal space of the box section coincides with the internal space of the frame. Moreover, the same mechanism applies to this global box profile, whereby the global flexural strength and flexural rigidity of the structural element is maximized. For example, as a result, relatively heavy, three-layer glazing can be used near the window end part without any problems. Another advantage is that the closed tube guarantees the structural cohesion of the building element. The closed sheet structures also serve as an additional moisture and draft barrier.

According to an alternative embodiment, as described above, the metal plate structures are not interconnected into a closed, tubular frame, but are supplemented with further tunnel wall parts (optionally from other materials). For example, one or more metal sheet structures are supplemented with glass panes to form a tunnel-shaped frame.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the said sleeve extends with a substantially invariant profile. In a further or alternative embodiment, the frame comprises a rectangular profile. Such frames can be produced more easily. In a possible, non-limitative embodiment, the building element comprises four flat plate structures (i.e. a bottom plate, a top plate, a left side plate and a right side plate) that are welded together to form a global tube with a rectangular profile. The sleeve is thereby externally coated by means of an insulating jacket. In such a design, the flexural stiffness for downward loading will mainly be determined by the left and right side plates.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the plate structures are provided with one or more reinforcing ribs. Preferably, these are metal ribs that extend substantially perpendicular to the plate structure and are connected to it in a manner mentioned above, i.v.m. the plate structures. A plate structure provided with such a rib will locally have a greater bending stiffness and bending strength. A similar situation occurs in a T-profile, which can be seen as a flat piece that is provided with a reinforcement rib. Preferably, the reinforcement ribs are integrally connected to the plate structure; for example, it concerns welded-on ribs and / or folded-over end edges. Optionally, one or more ribs are comprised of a T-profile (one transverse reinforcement rib), an L-profile (one

BE2019 / 5344 transverse reinforcement rib) or a U-profile (two transverse reinforcement ribs) that is suitably welded against and along the frame.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the insulating sheath extends over and along said reinforcement ribs. In case two or more reinforcement ribs are provided on the same plate structure, the insulating sheath preferably extends over and between these reinforcement ribs. As described above, it is advantageous that the jacket is provided on the outside around the frame. Preferably the ribs now extend into this insulating sheath, i.e. along the outside of the plate structures. As is further clarified in the description with figures 5A and 5B, a thermally conductive plate structure with reinforcing ribs, between / along and over which insulation material extends, can still perform well in terms of thermal insulation. In particular, the insulation material between / along the ribs will also make a significant contribution to this. This makes it possible to maximize the insulation value with a limited tunnel wall thickness.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the reinforcement ribs comprise at least one longitudinal rib. Such longitudinal ribs extend substantially in the longitudinal direction of the building element. In a further or alternative embodiment, the reinforcement ribs comprise at least one transverse rib. Such transverse ribs extend substantially in a direction that extends transversely to the longitudinal direction. A plate structure provided with a longitudinal rib / transverse rib will have a greater bending stiffness near said reinforcing rib. Of course, alternatively or additionally, one or more reinforcing ribs can be provided that run obliquely and / or bent.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the reinforcement ribs comprise at least one peripheral rib. A circumferential rib comprises one or more transverse ribs which connect to each other and run along the entire tunnel circumference. Preferably, at least one transverse rib is provided near the window end part. Preferably, said cross rib is provided on the bottom plate. Preferably, said transverse rib is comprised of a circumferential rib provided near the window end portion. This ensures that the window end is able to support relatively heavy windows with multi-layer glazing, even with the use of relatively thin-walled sheet structures, because these are locally reinforced by means of. reinforcement ribs.

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In a further or alternative embodiment, the insulating jacket comprises a first and a second jacket layer. The first jacket layer preferably extends along any reinforcement ribs, in the sense that it abuts along these ribs along at least a part of its peripheral edge. In case several ribs are provided on the same plate structure, the first jacket layer preferably extends between these ribs. The second jacket layer preferably extends over the first jacket layer and the reinforcement ribs. This allows for a simple manufacture, whereby it is not necessary to work out the ribs in the insulation material. Optionally, the second layer comprises a hard insulating material such as wood or a hard foam.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the fixing end part comprises a fixing lip and / or a fixing flange. These allow a simple arrangement and attachment of the building element in and / or over the building opening. The mounting flange can be a circumferential flange. The mounting lip can be a circumferential lip. Alternatively, however, local attachment flanges and / or tabs can only be provided at specific locations along the periphery of the attachment end portion.

In a further or alternative embodiment, at least one of the plate structures on the mounting end portion ends in a mounting lip. The fastening lip then extends in the longitudinal direction, in line with the corresponding plate structures. This makes a simple production possible.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the building element comprises at least one mounting flange and further still one or more reinforcing ribs, with the above-mentioned advantages. These reinforcement ribs can comprise an end rib.

In a further or alternative embodiment, the building element further comprises an inner lining and / or an outer lining. However, this is not necessarily the case. In a possible embodiment, the inner liner comprises gypsum board. In a possible embodiment, the outer covering comprises aluminum sheet material, EPDM foil and / or wood. Inner lining and outer lining can already be prefabricated, which simplifies installation and finishing. The building element is preferably a prefabricated building element. Optionally, the building element also comprises a (separate) roof structure to improve the acoustics.

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In a second aspect the invention relates to a facade structure, which facade structure is provided with a building element according to the first aspect of the invention. The same characteristics can be adopted, and the same examples can be repeated. Facade structure can of course refer to both a front facade, rear facade and a side facade and any other facade.

In a third aspect the invention relates to a method for placing a projecting window, the method comprising attaching a building element according to the first aspect of the invention, in and / or over a building opening. The same characteristics can be adopted, and the same advantages can be repeated.

In a possible embodiment the building element is placed from outside in or over a carcass opening, wherein the fixing end part is substantially congruent with that carcass opening. The building element is thereby self-supporting, from the load-bearing layer of the wall, independently of the further facade construction. This makes it possible for the prefabricated building element to be realized by one and the same party. I.h.b. it is not necessary for a multitude of parties (eg the structural contractor, window fitter, carpenter and cladding worker) to coordinate their work with each other. As a disadvantage, most designs from the prior art do not allow the installation of a projecting window, at the moment that the further facade structure is not yet fully finished.

In the following, the invention is described a.d.h.v. non-limiting examples that illustrate the invention, and which are not intended or may be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention.

Figures 1A-I are schematic representations of frames 2 according to possible embodiments of the building element 1. Each of the frames 2 shown is composed of a metal bottom plate 4, a metal top plate 5 and metal left-hand 6 and right-hand side plates 6 '. The said plates / plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'are integrally connected to each other. For example, the individual plates were welded together, and / or they were folded at right angles from a larger plate structure. In any case, the interconnected metal plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'form a tunnel-shaped frame 2 with a rectangular profile. They are thereby, as it were, connected to a tube that extends tunnel-like from an open one

BE2019 / 5344 fixing end part 7 up to an open window end part 8. The plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'thereby enclose circumferentially an internal space 25 of the frame 2.

The window end part 8, on the one hand, is configured to receive a window 18 or glass pane 17 which thereby protrudes relative to the further facade structure 20. Because the plate structure 4, 5, 6, 6 'forms a rectangular profile, it provides a large bearing capacity to the building element 1, from the building opening 9.

The mounting end part 7, on the other hand, is configured for mounting the corresponding building element 1, in and / or over a building opening 9, to form a projecting window 14 as shown below. To this end, the fastening end parts 7 are provided with fastening holes 10 (e.g. for fastening by means of fastening means 13 such as concrete anchors). Some of the fixing end parts 7 also provide a fixing lip 11, for fixing the building element 1 in a building opening 9. Alternatively or additionally, a transverse fixing flange 12 can be provided, for fixing over a building opening 9. In the embodiments of figures IA, ID and 1G, the plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'on the fixing end part terminate on a fixing lip 11; such fastening lips 11 can, however, also be provided at a different height, for example transversely of a possible fastening flange 12 (see for example figure 3D). In figures 1B, IE, and 1H, on the other hand, the fixing end part 7 is rather provided with a transverse fixing flange 12. Finally, both the fixing lip 11 and the fixing flange 12 are combined in the embodiments according to figures 1C, IF and II. In the embodiments shown, the mounting lips 11 are circumferential lips and the mounting flanges 12 are circumferential flanges; they run along the entire circumference of the building element 1. However, alternatively or additionally, one or more local mounting lips 11 and / or flanges 12 can be provided, for example only near the four corners of the building element 1.

The building element 1 according to the present invention can be fixed in any building opening 9. It can for instance be a wall opening 9, wherein for instance a frame 2 according to one of the figures 1A-C is used. However, if it concerns a sloping roof opening 9 ', then a frame according to one of the figures 1G-I can alternatively be used. Building elements 1 with a frame 2 according to one of the figures ID, IE, or 1F are mainly suitable for use in one

BE2019 / 5344 building opening that extends partly through a wall, and partly through a roof structure, also referred to herein as wall-to-roof openings.

Optionally, the plate structure 4, 5, 6, 6 'further comprises one or more reinforcing ribs 16 such as longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs, circumferential ribs, or any combination thereof. However, these are not shown in Figures 1A-I.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a building 19 with facade structures 20 according to a possible embodiment of the invention. The building comprises both projecting windows 14, 14 ', 14 and traditional windows 15. Incidentally, the aforementioned projecting windows 14, 14', 14 can be provided in wall openings 9, in roof openings 9 'and in wall-roof openings 9.

Figures 3A-D show lateral cross-sections of facade structures 20, provided with a building element 1 according to possible embodiments of the invention. In each case, the building element 1 is placed in and / or over a flat wall opening 9, wherein it forms a projecting window 14 from said wall opening 9; optionally the building elements 1 comprise a frame 2 according to figure IA, IB or 1C. The skilled person is of course able to adapt the shown building elements 1 for use in a roof opening 9 'or wall-roof opening 9. For example, frames according to one of the figures ID, IE, 1F, and 1F, 1H, II, respectively, are used.

Figure 3A, for example, shows a side cross-section of a facade structure 20 which is provided with a building element 1 according to a possible embodiment. The facade structure 20 comprises a multilayer wall 21 with a bearing layer 22 (e.g. an inner cavity leaf), an insulation layer 23 and a facade cladding 24 (e.g. an outer cavity leaf). For example, the facade cladding 24 is designed as brickwork. Optionally, an air cavity is provided between the facade cladding 24 and the insulation layer 23. In any case, the frame 2 of the building element 1 is substantially built up of plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 '; only the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 are visible in the section according to Figure 3A. However, in particular the left-hand side 6 and right-hand side plates 6 'contribute significantly to the bending stiffness of the component 1 with a downward load.

At the fixing end part 7, the frame 2 terminates on a fixing flange 12. This is arranged from outside over a wall opening 9, against the bearing layer 22 of the wall 21. Via fixing means 13, through corresponding

BE2019 / 5344 mounting holes 10, the mounting flange 12 is attached to said bearing layer 22. The building element 1 (just like the frame 2) thereby forms a tunnel-shaped passage 25, from the open mounting end part 7 to the open window end part 8, where the internal space 25 is closed by means of a window 18 with glass panes 17. Clearly the internal space 25 of the building element 1 thereby an extension to the inner space 27. It protrudes relative to the further facade structure 20; i.h.b. reference is made in this connection to the so-called polling depth 26, which can typically be a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters. In the installed state of the building element 1, the draft depth 26 can be defined as the distance between the outer surface of the cladding 24 and the outer surface of the glass pane 17.

In view of the thermal insulation, the frame 2 is circumferentially enclosed by an insulating sheath 3. The design is such that the insulating sheath 3 connects to the insulating layer 23 of the wall 21, and that it extends from the insulating layer 23 along the frame 2 up to the per se also thermally insulating window 18 with glass pane 17; optionally it is a two or three-layer glass pane 17. The window, on the other hand, consists of, for example, PVC or thermally interrupted aluminum, as is known to those skilled in the art. Just as the inner space 27 extends through the internal space 25 of the building element 1 up to the projecting window 14, so also (a) protrudes the thermal insulation from the wall insulation 23, and via the insulating sheath 3 of the building element 1 up to the window 18 with glass pane 17, and also (b) projecting the load-bearing structure from the load-bearing layer 22 of the wall 21, and via the frame 2 up to the window 18. Such a layered structure makes the building element 1 at the same time a large bearing capacity possesses and is thermally insulating.

Finally, the window end part 8 is also provided with a reinforcing rib 16, preferably a circumferential rib. This allows a better anchoring of the window frame 18, for example by gluing it to it. Moreover, it increases the bending stiffness of the sheet material, in particular. of the bottom plate 4, near the window frame 18. This is important in supporting relatively heavy, multi-layered glass panes. The insulating sheath 3 then extends over and along this reinforcing rib 16. Furthermore, the inner space 27 and the inside of the building element 1 are finished with one continuous layer of plaster 28. This was only applied after placement of the building element 1. Along the outside is the building element 10 optionally provided with a moisture-proof and draft-proof outer covering 30. For example, this is about

BE2019 / 5344 aluminum sheet material, or around an EPDM foil. Optionally, sealing means 31 such as a sealing joint 31 'and / or a sealing foil 31 (e.g. an EPDM foil) are provided. In the embodiment shown, the outer covering 30 extends in the left direction to almost against the mounting flange 12. However, if the outer covering 30 comprises aluminum sheet material, this is optionally not the case, so that cold bridges are avoided. For example, the outer cladding 30 then runs in the left direction only just beyond the cladding 24, as is the case in Figure 3B.

Viewed from the front window side, the outer covering 30 covers the window frame 18 substantially completely. This contributes to the moisture and draft density, and to the clear appearance of the component 1.

The construction of the frame 2 allows the structural element 1 to be freely supported from the bearing layer 22 of the wall 21. This allows a simple application of the aforementioned sealing foils 31. In particular, the building element 1 can already be installed in a rough structure, even before the insulating layer 23 and cladding 24 are applied.

Figure 3B shows a facade structure 20 with building element 1, according to another embodiment. This time, wall opening 9 is reinforced by means of a reinforcing beam or frame 32, e.g. made of steel or reinforced concrete. This ensures that the bearing layer 22 of the wall 21 is sufficiently strong to support the building element 1. Near the fastening end part 7, the frame 2 provides both a fastening lip 11 and a fastening flange 12, with which the building element 1 is fastened against the reinforcement frame 32. Furthermore, the bottom plate 4 is provided with a plurality of transverse ribs 16; the transverse rib 16 'of the window end portion is comprised of a peripheral rib 16' with substantially the same function as in Figure 3A. The insulating jacket 3 now comprises a first jacket layer 3 'which extends along and / or between the reinforcement ribs 16, 16', and a second jacket layer 3 which extends over the first jacket layer 3 'and over the reinforcement ribs 16, 16', and this covers. This specific construction makes it possible to make the component 1 thin-walled, sturdy and thermally insulating. Optionally, the second jacket layer 3 comprises a relatively hard material such as a wooden plate or a hard foam plate, so that this layer further contributes to the strength of the structural element 1. The different layers are optionally connected to each other (e.g. with glue and / or screws). , which increases the firmness even more.

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Finally, in the present embodiment, the building element 1 is also provided with its own inner lining 29; for example, it is a plasterboard. Such an inner lining 29 is preferably already prefabricated. After placement of the building element 1, the plaster layer 28 of the inner space 27 can be applied against this inner lining 29. The glass pane 17 is preferably supplied separately with the building element 1. However, with a view to a simple installation, the window frame 18 'can already be provided in the prefabricated building element 1.

Figure 3C shows a lateral cross-section of a building element 1 in a facade structure 20, according to a possible embodiment. This time the building element 1 is provided at floor level 33, wherein it is fixed by means of a fastening lip 11 on an upstand 34 from the actual bearing floor 35. Optionally, the building element 1 is already prefabricated with an inner lining 29, i.e. along the side walls and top wall. The bottom wall is preferably left free, so that the floor 36 can be continued uninterruptedly into the building element 1. The building element 1 thereby provides a full extension to the inner space 27. Halfway the frame 2 is optionally provided with a peripheral rib 16 for reinforcement. At the window end part 8, the frame 2 moreover ends in a circumferential rib 16 ', which circumferential rib comprises four end ribs which form an end flange. Against this a hard but insulating material (e.g. wood or a hard foam) can be attached via screws and / or glue. Thus, the window frame 18 can be enclosed sideways, within that hard material.

Figure 3D shows another embodiment of a facade structure 20, in which the floor 36 again extends into the internal space 25 formed by the building element 1. This time the frame 2 is not provided with transverse ribs 16 or peripheral ribs 16 for reinforcement. Optionally, one or more longitudinal ribs are provided, which are not shown (due to not being in the plane of the section shown). At the bottom the mounting end part 7 is provided with a mounting lip 11; however, it does not extend in line with the bottom plate 4.

Figures 4A-B show frontal cross-sections of building elements 1 according to possible embodiments of the invention. The building element 1 according to figure 4A comprises a tunnel-shaped frame 2 with a bottom plate 4, a top plate 5, a left-hand side plate 6 and a right-hand side plate 6 '. On the outside, the frame 2 is also provided with reinforcement ribs 16, which extend along the corner edges and transversely along the bottom plate 4. For example, the different plates are 4, 5, 6, 6 'and

BE2019 / 5344 reinforcement ribs 16 welded together. The frame 2 is locally reinforced at the height of the longitudinal ribs 16. After all, the longitudinal ribs 16 provide a greater bending stiffness to the frame 2, as is also the case for the upright leg of a T-profile. An insulating sheath 3 is provided between, along and over the reinforcing ribs, which casing covers the frame 2 circumferentially, between its end parts 7, 8. The insulating sheath 3 comprises a first sheath layer 3 'which extends along and between the reinforcement ribs 16, and a second sheath layer 3 which extends over the first sheath layer 3' and the reinforcement ribs 16. The building element 1 further comprises an inner lining 29 and an outer lining 30, for example as described above. The building element 1 according to figure 4B, on the other hand, does not comprise longitudinal ribs 16 in the plane of the section shown. The insulating sheath 3 is designed here as a single layer.

Mixed forms of figures 3 and 4 can of course be used, in which combinations of one or more longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs and / or circumferential ribs occur.

Figures 5A and 5B show detail cross-sections of a building element 1 with tunnel-shaped frame 2, wherein said frame 2 is respectively composed of a frame of metal tubes 37 (open frame), and of mutually connected, ribbed metal plate structures 4/16 (closed frame). In both embodiments, the internal space 25 of the building element 1 is above the cross-section shown; an inner lining 29 is provided there. Furthermore, both frames 2 are directly covered with an insulating sheath 3. A first sheath layer 3 'extends therefrom, between and along the tubes / reinforcement ribs 37/16. A second jacket layer 3 covers both this first jacket layer 3 'and the intermediate sleeves / reinforcement ribs 37/16. The second jacket layer 3 is in turn covered by an outer covering 30.

A major drawback of the frame of tubes 37 according to figure 5A is that it does not provide support over the entire inner surface of the building element 1. In case the inner lining 29 is not sufficiently strong (e.g. plasterboard), it can simply be pressed in between the tubes 7. Another drawback is that the tubes 37 provide a relatively large heat transfer surface both to the inside (top) and to the outside (bottom). In addition, two transverse tube walls extend between these two surfaces that transport heat well between both surfaces. It is also not obvious to thermally heat the tubes 37 inside

BE2019 / 5344. All this means that there is a great risk of thermal bridges, at the height of the tube profiles 37. The thermal resistance of the intermediate pieces of first jacket layer 3 'is after all substantially bridged, so that it is primarily the second jacket layer 3 which is responsible for the thermal insulation. This second jacket layer 3 should therefore be taken thicker. Another drawback is that an open box frame does not offer a moisture-proof and draft-proof seal in the event of failure of the outer covering 30.

The ribbed plate structure 4/16, on the other hand, provides support at the entire inner surface of the building element 1. Moreover, the reinforcement ribs 16 increase the bending stiffness of the plate structure 4, according to the same principle as for a standing leg of a T-profile. The structures according to figures 5A and 5B therefore have, with the same thickness, almost the same rigidity. However, the ribbed plate structure 4/16 provides much smaller heat transfer surfaces (even rather heat transfer edges) on the outside (bottom). As a result, heat will be much more difficult to transfer to the reinforcement ribs, through the second jacket layer 3. The first jacket layer 3 'thus still makes a significant contribution to the overall thermal resistance of the component 1. As a result, there is a greatly reduced risk of damage. cold bridges, for approximately the same thickness and firmness. The insulation value is also higher with the use of a ribbed plate structure of 4/16. The person skilled in the art is himself able to make an appropriate trade-off between the wall thickness, sturdiness and thermal insulation value of the building element 1.

Figures 6A-G still show a number of schematic cross-sections of facade structures 20, according to possible embodiments of the invention. It can be both horizontal cross-sections and vertical cross-sections.

In each case, the facade structure 20 is provided with a building element 1. The building element 1 comprises a tunnel-shaped frame 2 that encloses an internal space 25. The frame 2 comprises a fixing end part 7 and a window end part 8. The fixing end part 7 is suitable for fixing the building element 1 in and / or over a building opening 9 in a wall 21. The window end part 8 provides means for receiving a glass pane 17.

In FIG. 6A, the frame 2 extends symmetrically, extending from the mounting end part 7 to the window end part 8. In FIG. 6B, the frame 2 extends

BE2019 / 5344 narrowing out symmetrically, from the fixing end part 7 to the window end part 8. In FIG. 6C, on the other hand, the frame 2 extends with a constant cross-section, albeit at an angle with the wall 21. The longitudinal direction of the frame 2 thus encloses an angle with the surface of the wall 21. The fixing end part 7 th the window end part 8 run parallel to the wall 21; these are no longer transverse to the longitudinal direction of the building element 1. In FIG. 6D, the frame 2 extends, but no longer symmetrically. The wall part shown on the left extends perpendicularly to the wall 21, while the wall part shown on the right extends obliquely with respect to the wall 21, widening the internal space 25 of the building element 1. In FIG. 6E, the frame 2 extends asymmetrically narrowing, similar to the situation in FIG. ID. FIG. 1F shows a frame 2 which still extends in the form of a tunnel, between two open end parts 7, 8. A wall of the frame 2 thereby exhibits an inward jump (also called: indentation). FIG. 1G shows a frame 2 which extends in the form of a tunnel, from a mounting end part 7 to a window end part 8. The open window end part 8 provides an additional structure which is formed inwards. For example, this latter structure is formed by means of three separate glass panes 17, 17 ', 17.

Finally, Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-section of facade structure 20 and a building element 1, according to yet another possible embodiment, also in accordance with the present invention.

It can be either a horizontal section or a vertical section. The building element 1 comprises a tunnel-shaped frame 2 that encloses an internal space 25. The frame 2 extends widening between a fixing end part 7 (for fixing the building element 1 in a building opening 9) and a window end part 8 (for receiving two glass panes 17, 17 '). In contrast to the embodiments according to FIG. 3A-D, the end parts 7, 8 here do not essentially extend in one plane. Rather, the fixing end part 7 is worked inwards according to an angle, while the window end part 8 protrudes angularly. Such a building element 1 is for instance installed at the height of a corner in a building 19. Optionally, the window end part 8 is suitable for receiving two separate glass panes 17, 17 '. The construction element 1 shown makes it possible to mount a projecting window on the corner of a building

The numbered elements in the figures are:

1. Building element

2. Frame

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3. Mantle

4. Bottom plate

5. Top plate

6. Side plate

7. Fixing end part

8. Window end piece

9. Building opening

10. Fixing hole

11. Fixing lip

12. Mounting flange

13. Fastener

14. Cantilever window

15. Traditional window

16. Reinforcement rib

17. Glass pane

18. Window

19. Building

20. Facade structure

21. Wall

22. Bearing layer

23. Insulation layer

24. Cladding

25. Internal space

26. Checkout depth

27. Interior space

28. Plaster layer

29. Inner lining

30. Exterior covering

31. Sealants

32. Reinforcement framework

33. Floor level

34. Rebellion

35. Bearing floor

36. Floor

37. Sleeve

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It is believed that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and that some modifications or changes can be added to the examples and figures described without re-evaluating the appended claims.

Claims (15)

CONCLUSIONS A building element 1 for forming a projecting window 14, which building element 1 comprises a tunnel-shaped frame 2 which encloses an internal space 25 and comprises open end parts 7, 8, wherein a first end part 7 of the frame 2 is a mounting end part 7, configured for mounting the building element 1 in and / or over a building opening 9, and wherein a second end part 8 of the frame 2 is a window end part 8, configured for receiving a window 18, the building element 1 further comprising an insulating sheath 3 which frame 2, characterized in that the frame 2 comprises one or more connected metal plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 '. The building element 1 according to the preceding claim 1, characterized in that said plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'are connected to a tube. The building element 1 according to one of the preceding claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the frame 2 comprises a rectangular profile. The building element 1 according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate structures 4, 5, 6, 6 'are provided with one or more reinforcing ribs 16. The building element 1 according to the preceding claim 4, characterized in that the insulating sheath 3 extends over and along said reinforcement ribs 16. The building element 1 according to any one of the preceding claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the reinforcing ribs 16 comprise at least one longitudinal rib. Building component 1 according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the reinforcing ribs 16 comprise at least one circumferential rib. The building element 1 according to any one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the insulating jacket 3 comprises a first 3 'and a second 3 jacket layer. The building element 1 according to the preceding claim 8, characterized in that the first jacket layer 3 'extends along the reinforcement ribs 16, and in that the second jacket layer 3 extends over the reinforcement ribs 16. The building element 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing end part 7 comprises a fixing flange 12. 11. The building element 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing end part 7 comprises a fixing lip 11. BE2019 / 5344 The building element 1 according to the preceding claim 11, characterized in that said plate structure 4, 5, 6, 6 'on the fixing end part 7 ends on a fixing lip 11. 13. The building element 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an inner lining 29 and / or an outer lining 30. A facade structure 20, which facade structure is provided with a building element 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 13. A method for placing a projecting window 14, the method 10 comprising fixing a building element 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in and / or over a building opening 9.