RU2800657C2 - Modular building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: modular building section for constructing a building comprises a load-bearing frame designed to be interconnected with another modular building section during the construction of a building. It contains a rack-and-frame panel and a ceiling structure attached to the frame and located inside the supporting frame. The modular construction section is adapted for loading and unloading as a transport container for transportation. A building and a method for constructing a building are also disclosed.

EFFECT: expansion of the range of technical means.

8 cl, 34 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to buildings constructed from modular sections.

Prior Art

Buildings constructed from recycled intermodal shipping containers, sometimes referred to as shipping containers, are known. However, they have not received mass distribution due to the restrictions associated with the use of these containers. It is believed that such buildings are currently based on the principle of using one or more shipping containers (usually used) and modifying it, for example by removing side walls and/or end walls or end doors, in accordance with the design of the building.

The standard shipping container is 8' wide (2.44m), 20' (6.06m) or 40' (12.19m) long and 8'6" (2.59m) height. An alternative type of high-capacity container (HQ) is 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 m) high. 10 ft 3 inch (3.12 m) containers are also known. These containers are designed to be transported on a ship, stacked on top of each other, and at each of the eight corners contain cast steel products welded in pairs to each end of each of the four corner posts of a rectangular steel frame having the shape of a parallelepiped. Attached to the frame are side walls and a covering, usually made of flat or profiled sheet of weather-resistant steel or aluminum, and at least one end has hinged double-leaf doors.

For building use, shipping containers require significant modification, such as cutting or removing side walls, to accommodate building use, providing windows, a side entry, or other form of doorway. In addition, they are limited to a width of 2.44 m and a length of 6.06 m or 12.19 m, which, in turn, limits the size of the room built into these dimensions.

The objective of the invention is to improve the solutions of the prior art.

Reference to prior art documents is not an admission that they form part of the general knowledge of a person skilled in any art.

The essence of the invention

To solve the problem, a modular construction section is proposed for the construction of a building, while the said modular construction section contains:

load-bearing frame suitable for interconnection with another modular building section during the construction of the building;

while the modular building section is adapted for loading and unloading during transportation as a shipping container.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a post-frame panel attached to and within the frame, the frame and panel together being load-bearing.

In an embodiment, the carrier frame is in the form of a rectangular prism.

In an embodiment, the supporting frame is in the form of a rectangular table containing a rectangle and four posts, with each post extending from one of the corners of the rectangle. Usually the rectangle is at the base of the building section and the posts run vertically. In such a case, there is usually another rectangular frame of another building section attached at the corners to the ends of the posts so that the other rectangle and the frame form a rectangular prism.

In an embodiment, the panel increases the load bearing capacity of the modular building section to accommodate loads applied to the modular building section.

In an embodiment, the panel is in contact with the surface of the frame. In an embodiment, the panel is spaced from the surface of the frame.

In an embodiment, the panel is or forms part of a wall that partially defines a room, at least in the interior of the modular building section.

In an embodiment, the building section comprises a plurality of load-bearing stud-framed wall panels internal to and attached to the frame, the walls form a room within the modular building section, and the plurality of panels increase the load-bearing capacity of the modular building section to accommodate loads applied to the modular building section. sections. In an embodiment, the loads include static loads, such as those from other building sections mounted on top of the building section, and dynamic loads, such as those to which they are subjected in cyclone weather conditions.

In an embodiment, the modular building section comprises a non-load-bearing wall panel to form partitions within the rooms of the modular building section.

In an embodiment, the building section comprises a porch deck internal to the framing but capable of being open to the outside of the framing. In an embodiment, the veranda deck is open to the outside of the building through one of the surfaces of the building section.

In an embodiment, the veranda deck includes shutters for closing the veranda deck during inclement weather. In an embodiment, the veranda deck includes a railing or balustrade along one of the surfaces of the building section.

In an embodiment, in operation, the veranda deck is open towards the veranda deck of an adjacent building section.

In an embodiment, the wall separating the deck of the veranda from the room in the building is insulated. In an embodiment, the veranda deck envelope is non-insulated.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a section of a vertically extending channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, which is internal to the frame. In an embodiment, the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building is closed with a removable panel for transportation. In an embodiment, the building maintenance channel is open to the outside of the frame when the access panel is removed.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a first building interior channel section that is capable of opening outwards from the modular building section and positioned such that when another modular building section with an optional second building building channel section is adjacent with the first section, they form a combined section of the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building.

In the embodiment, the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building is made in the form of a niche in the surface of the building section.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a weatherproof exterior panel attached to each side and end face of the frame. In an embodiment, the outer panels are removable.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a removable panel attached to the side and/or end surface for transport, the panel being made of FRP.

In an embodiment, an air gap is provided between the outer panel and the wall internal to the frame. In an embodiment, the wall internal to the frame is a stud frame panel.

In an embodiment, the outer panel provides a load-bearing support to the frame.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a plurality of beams extending transversely along the bottom of the frame and spaced from the ends of the frame, for attachment to supports in the ground or to another building section.

In an embodiment, one or more of the frame beams or cross beams is made of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP).

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises one or more removable vertical supports on the side surfaces of the frame.

In an embodiment, the section additionally contains one or more removable vertical supports on the side surfaces of the frame, the vertical supports being formed by a beam made of FRP.

In an embodiment, the interior walls are made of stud frame with insulating material inside the stud frame.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises a carrier panel attached to the top surface of the frame.

In an embodiment, the section further comprises a panel attached to the top surface of the frame, the top panel being made of FRP.

In an embodiment, the building section further comprises an opening in the side or end face when the access panel is removed from the respective side or surface to allow movement to another building section in the building.

In an embodiment, the exterior finish of the panel is on the side/end of the building section or on the ceiling of the section.

In an embodiment, the frame has attachment points at each corner.

In an embodiment, the frame has attachment points at each corner made of FRP.

In an embodiment, the width of the building section is between 2.4 m and 6 m, and preferably between 2.6 m and 4.2 m. 5 m

In an embodiment, the construction section is 6 m (20 ft) long. In other embodiments, the container has one of lengths of 6.8m, 7.2m, 12m, 14.4m, 18m, or 36m.

In an embodiment, the height of the building section is between 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) and 3.2 m. In the embodiment, the height of each container is approximately 3.48 m. m (19 ft) up to 6.2 m.

In an embodiment, the building section is a tall container, where the height of the tall container is made up of the heights of two other sections stacked on top of each other and the length is half the length of the other building sections. In an embodiment, the length is approximately 3 m. In an embodiment, the height of each tall container is 8.7 m.

In an embodiment, the container frame forms a structural element of a building made from a plurality of such building sections.

In an embodiment, the end and/or side panels of the container form a structural element of a building formed from a plurality of such building sections.

In an embodiment, the building section is configured such that it can be assembled into a building without structural change.

In an embodiment, the building section is stowable in a transport position and stowable in a building.

In an embodiment, the building section includes a roof section that is placed over the building section when the building section is built into the building.

In an embodiment, the roof section truss is made of FRP. In an embodiment, the roof cladding sheet is made of FRP. In an embodiment, the roof section contains sling points.

In an embodiment, the forklift opening includes a shroud made of FRP.

According to the present invention, there is provided a modular building section for constructing a building, wherein said modular building section, comprising a load-bearing frame suitable for interconnection with another modular building section in building a building, and a wall of the building section, includes:

the first carrier panel attached to the frame and located inside it to be parallel to the surface of the frame; And

a second carrier panel attached to the frame to be parallel to and spaced from the first building panel to provide an air gap therebetween;

while the modular building section is transportable.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, a modular building section is provided, comprising a roof section that is placed over the building section when the building section is built into the building.

In an embodiment, the roof section contains a truss made of FRP.

In addition, according to the present invention, a building is provided that includes a plurality of modular building sections, each modular building section corresponding to one or more of the above descriptions.

In an embodiment, the building comprises longitudinally arranged side-by-side frames and parallel, end-to-end adjacent interior walls of each building section.

In an embodiment, the building comprises a channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, formed from at least two sections of the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, at least two adjacent building sections. In one embodiment, sections of the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, formed by building sections, are end to end. In one embodiment, sections of the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, formed by building sections, are side by side. In one embodiment, sections of the channel for servicing the internal engineering systems of the building, formed by building sections, are end to end and side by side.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a building, comprising providing a plurality of building sections as defined above, and placing the building sections side by side and joining the sections together into a single structure.

In an embodiment, two building sections are arranged end to end. In an embodiment, two building sections are placed side by side.

In an embodiment, two building sections are stacked on top of each other.

Further, in accordance with the present invention, a panel is provided for use in a building, comprising a sheet made of FRP having mounting points for attaching the sheet to a structure.

In an embodiment, the first surface of the sheet has a finish that allows decorative use before it is attached to the structure.

In this description, the terms "comprising" or "comprises" are used inclusively, and not exclusively or exhaustively.

Description of drawings

The invention is further explained by a description of the preferred embodiments of the same, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic set of plans showing a construction section and a building in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2A is a top isometric view of the series of modular building sections in FIG. 1 with the roof removed;

Fig. 2B is a bottom isometric view of the row of FIG. 2A;

Fig. 2C is an isometric plan view of a series of modular building sections in FIG. 2A with removable skin removed;

Fig. 2D is an isometric top view of a series of modular building sections in FIG. 2C with the interior walls shown in shaded view and another row of adjacent modular building sections without internal partitions and with the roof removed and the removable skin removed;

Fig. 3 is an isometric plan view of the modular building section of FIG. 1 with roof removed;

Fig. 4 is an isometric plan view of the modular building section of FIG. 3 showing the ceiling and interior walls resulting from the removal of exterior wall panels;

Fig. 5 is a top isometric view of the frame of the modular building section of FIG. 3;

Fig. 6 is a partial side cross section of an embodiment of the modular building section of the present invention;

Fig. 6A is a partial side cross section of an embodiment of two modular building sections of the present invention stacked on top of each other;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged section of the building section of FIG. 6;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an embodiment of a building section cross beam with a portion of the floor structure removed to allow access to the cross beam, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view of an embodiment of a building section corner, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of an embodiment of an interior corner of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section of an embodiment of a roof section of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view of an embodiment of a floor section of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view of an embodiment of a wall section of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view of an embodiment of a wall section of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional view of an embodiment of a wall section of a building section, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a horizontal sectional view of an embodiment of a wall section of a building section having a window in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 17 is an end view of the building cluster of FIG. 1;

Fig. 18 is a side view of the building cluster of FIG. 6;

Fig. 19 is a side view of a pair of panels in accordance with an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention;

Fig. 20 is a side end view of a modular building section in accordance with an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention;

Fig. 20A is a side end view of an alternative modular building section in accordance with an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention;

Fig. 21 is a side view of the modular building section of FIG. 20;

Fig. 21A is a side view of the modular building section of FIG. 20A;

Fig. 22 is an isometric plan view of a series of modular building sections in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 23 is a plan view of a horizontal cross section of the row of FIG. 22;

Fig. 24 is a plan view of a horizontal cross section of a modular building section in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 25 is a plan view of a horizontal cross section of a building section containing the plurality of building sections of FIG. 24;

Fig. 26 is a side view of the building section of FIG. 24;

Fig. 27 is an end view of the building section of FIG. 25;

Fig. 28 is an enlarged horizontal cross section of detail D1 in FIG. 24;

Fig. 29 is an enlarged horizontal cross section of detail D2 in FIG. 24;

Fig. 29A is an enlarged horizontal cross section of detail D4 in FIG. 24; And

Fig. 29B is an enlarged horizontal cross section of an alternative detail D4 in FIG. 24.

Fig. 30 is an enlarged horizontal cross section of detail D3 in FIG. 24;

Fig. 30A is an enlarged horizontal cross section of an alternative detail D3 in FIG. 24;

Fig. 31 is a schematic plan view showing portions of an embodiment of the roof of a building in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 32 is a schematic isometric top view of a construction section in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 33 is a plan view of a modular building section type selection palette, in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 34 is a schematic set of isometric views showing alternative building configurations in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to FIG. 1 shows a building 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The building can be, for example, a mine camp, a hotel, a worker's hostel, or offices.

Building 10 contains one or more clusters 12. In this embodiment, the cluster contains a plurality of areas with similar use. For example, in a residential complex, living spaces may contain areas that may be bedrooms and bathrooms. The cluster contains a plurality of rows 14, 14', 14'', 14''' sections. Row 14 of modular sections contains one or more modular building sections 16. In this embodiment, each section in a row, and preferably in a cluster, has the same dimensions. In this embodiment, each row 14 contains three sections 16, located end to end. Thus, each row has the same dimensions. In an alternative embodiment (eg, shown in FIGS. 22 and 23), the row comprises two sections end to end. In yet another embodiment, the row is a single building section (eg, shown in FIG. 24).

Additionally, in this embodiment, each row 14 mirrors a usage area on each side of corridor 30. For example, each row 14 may contain a living space on each side of corridor 30. Alternatively or additionally, row 14 may comprise a plurality of sections 16 located side by side. about side. In this embodiment, each cluster contains a plurality (in this case, fifteen) rows 14 arranged side by side. Additionally, the cluster 12 contains various types of rows 14', 14'' and 14''', each with different areas of use, on both sides of the plurality of rows 14. In this embodiment, the rows 14' contain a vertical access section, such as a ladder or lift . In this embodiment, the clusters are displaced and connected to each other by the connecting section 20 of the cluster.

In an embodiment, each section is a typical section, and each section is configured in accordance with the section type. In an embodiment, the configuration comprises one or both interior wall configurations and an exterior (section perimeter) wall configuration. In an embodiment, each row is a row of this type, where each row type is defined according to the section types of its sections.

Row 14 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2A-2D. In this embodiment, the row 14 contains a section 16A containing the technical corridor 30 and the technical entrances to the bathrooms 32 and 32'. At each end of section 16 are sections 16B and 16C, each containing a bedroom 34/34' and a veranda or private balconies 36/36'. The doorway 56 leads from the room 34' to the bathroom 32'. Alternatively, the corridor could be a hallway, and rooms 32 and 32' are entrances, and rooms 36 and 36' are bathrooms.

In addition, with reference to FIG. 3-5, each section 16 includes a supporting frame 40 in the form of a rectangular prism. In an alternative form, the supporting frame 40 is in the form of a rectangular table containing a rectangle and four posts, each of which extends from one of the corners of the rectangle. Usually the rectangle is at the base of the building section and the posts run vertically. In such a case, there is usually another rectangle of another building section joined at the corners so that the other rectangle and the supporting frame form a rectangular prism.

Typically, frame 40 is made from steel beams, however, in an embodiment, frame 40 is formed from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) (also known as FRP) beams bonded together by gluing and/or mechanical bonding.

FRP is a composite material that is formed by reinforcing a polymer matrix with fibers, usually glass fibers (glass fibres), or carbon fibers or aramid fibers. The polymer is typically a thermoset or thermoplastic resin. The fibers are usually oriented to provide strength and deformation resistance in accordance with the requirements for an element made of FRP. In the beam, the fibers are oriented so as to take up loads and resist deformation in the longitudinal direction. The FRP beams are connected to form a framework after removing all release agent residues from the surface at the connection point, applying structural adhesive and/or fixing the beams by means of a mechanical connection, for example, bolted to each other or to a common connecting element, for example, to a 50 angle.

After construction, the interior of the prism 56 becomes part of the interior of the building. The longitudinally arranged end surfaces of the frame have support elements 44 extending vertically. In an embodiment, the support elements 44 are made of steel, however, in an alternative embodiment, they can be beams made of FRP. The longitudinal framing members have removable supports 52 extending vertically between them which are used when transporting the section and can be stored in appropriate positions to provide additional strength when supporting the structure. However, these supports 52 can also be removed, leaving open space 46 between the upper and lower frame members. This makes it possible to make the area of the building larger than would otherwise be available when the walls are removed, leaving an open space 46 leading into the interior 56 of section 16. The bottom surface of the frame has transverse support elements 42 in the form of beams. The upper surface of the frame may furthermore have transverse support members. The support elements 42 allow the floor section to support sufficient weight and can furthermore be used to mount the lower level on the support/ground setting system or on the level of the sections below. The transverse members 70 extend between the longitudinal horizontal lower frame members 40 and support the floor 86.

For transport, and if desired, use in an assembled building, the prism surfaces may have outer side walls 60 and end walls 62, as seen in FIG. 3. In one embodiment, an inner side wall 80 and/or an inner transverse wall 82 is provided inside the outside wall and inside the frame 40 as seen in FIG. 4. Exterior walls 60 and 62 are not shown and frame 40 in FIG. 4 is shaded so that the interior walls 80 and 82 can be clearly seen.

In an embodiment, interior walls 80/82 may be configured as required to form a room or rooms or part of a larger room in a section. The outer wall 60/62 is preferably clad in a weatherproof manner for the section to be transported. In an embodiment, the outer wall 60/62 is formed by one or more panels of weather resistant steel, such as Cor-ten™, or alternative FRP. In an embodiment, the exterior wall 60/62 is removed after shipping or left as a weatherproof exterior wall in a building or as a structural element to increase the load bearing capacity of the frame and attached to it. Inner wall 80/82 (shown in FIG. 6 with side wall 60 not shown) may further provide structural integrity to section 16, in particular to support loads in combination with framing when used in a multi-story configuration or when used in cyclone-prone areas. . In this embodiment, the inner wall 82 is located behind the end walls 62. The sections 16 may further have an inner ceiling 84 and a top surface cladding 64 composed of the same weather resistant material as the side wall 60 for transportation. It may also be kept in building 10.

Exterior cladding 60/62 and/or interior walls 80/82 may be made of a panel containing FRP sheet with a decorative surface finish prior to installation in the section so that the surface installed in the section is visible. Such a panel may find use in buildings other than the modular building section described herein. The panels have attachment points, such as holes for bolting or screwing to the frame or other building structure.

For transportation, the corners 50 of section 16 may have attachment points for lifting and removing the section from a vehicle, such as a truck, railroad car or ship, and for installation in place in a building 10. The attachment points are in the standard form of "castings" used for transportation containers, although in the embodiment they are made of FAP and may be integral with the vertical edges of the frame members 40 or longitudinal members of the frame 40. On the sides of the lower longitudinal members of the frame 40 there are recesses 54 for forklift forks, the same as in a standard shipping container .

The transverse dashed lines II and HH pass through the beams 42. They intersect at 48 with the longitudinal dashed lines I and H. These lines allow the use of a grid for building design, and are spaced from the edge of the section in increments of ¼ of the section width/length. In this embodiment, they pass through the intersection point of the vertical supports 44 with the lower end structures 40. In the embodiment, the vertical supports are approximately 2.4 m apart. In addition, they are removable to provide a free opening 47. Typically, the opening 47 is located inside the building, with loads distributed to and through the frame, and in some cases through load-bearing wall panels 80/82 and panels 60/62.

The girders 42 are located internally to the respective ends of the frame 40, ideally about a third to a quarter of the length of the frame 40. The girders 42 should be located outside the fork recesses 54, which are typically spaced approximately 2 m apart.

The vertical supports 44 are located internally relative to the edges of the frame 40, ideally at a distance of about a quarter of the width of the frame 40. In an embodiment, the supports 44 are at a distance of approximately 0.5 to 1 m, and preferably approximately 0.486 m from each the edges.

The vertical supports 52 are located internally relative to the edges of the frame 40, ideally at a distance of about a quarter to a third of the length of the frame 40. In an embodiment, the supports 52 are located at a distance of approximately 2 m from each edge. Each of the supports 52 is optionally located internally at the same distance from the edge. This case is shown in FIG. 5. They can be positioned to secure the interior walls to the structure.

In an embodiment, a diagonal bracing may be provided on the side surfaces of the frame 40 for transportation. This bracing may also be used in interior walls 80/82 and ceiling panels, roofing 84, and flooring 86.

In an embodiment, part or all of the building has multiple floors. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 and 18 have two floors. As shown, each row 14A, 14B, and 14C has a corresponding row 14AA, 14BB, and 14CC on top, so there are two floors. Row 14A has an end corridor section 16C with a door leading to the outside of the building or into a channel in row 14A to the lower stairwell sections 16BA and 16BA'. Above section 16B in row 14A is an end corridor section 16AB with a door to the outside of the building and a railing. The top of the staircase sections 16BA and 16BA' is in row 14AA. Sections can be two-story. The roof consists of two parts 100 and 100' and spans row 14AA. Each part 100 and 100' is longer than the corresponding end building section and the partially covered section 16AB.

With reference to FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a building section mounted on bases 150, 152 and 154. Alternatively, a slab may be used as or instead of bases. Cross beams 42 are inside the ends of the building section and are attached to the inner bases 150, the bottom connection points 50 on the outside are attached to the perimeter of the base 152 and the bottom connection points 50 on the inside of the building, together with the connection points 50' of the adjacent building section are attached to the base 152 with two channels. In an embodiment, foundations 150, 152, and 152 are piled foundations located above ground level. Alternatively, they may be at or below ground level, and in a further alternative, vertical studs or screw piles may be used instead of foundations. In yet another additional alternative, instead of bases, there may be attachment points to the building section at the bottom, as shown in FIG. 6A. It is desirable that the beams 42 have suitable flanged surfaces with a hole or holes through which they are bolted in place.

Appropriately positioned beams 42' may be provided on the top surface of the frame for attaching beams 42 to the building section mounted on the top section. Beams 42 and 42' may provide structural reinforcement to the framework, including resisting torsion along the length of the building section.

In FIG. 6A it can be seen that some corner points 50 of connection between installed sections are located on others and can be fastened together. Additionally, the transverse beams 42 in the upper section may be located on the longitudinal frame members 40 and/or other longitudinal channel members 88 (eg, channels) attached to the frame 40. In an embodiment, members 88 may be made of FRP.

In this embodiment, the construction section has a spaced apart, opposing single pitched roof portion 100 attached to the upper longitudinal frame members 40 and/or other longitudinal gutter-like members 88. The roof portion comprises adjoining slab roof portions 102, 104, 106 and 108 124 in the top roofing sheet 114. There may be other areas not shown in FIG. 6. Each section can gradually lengthen relative to the previous one horizontally, and shorten relative to the previous one in height. In an embodiment, the width (in stripe) of the roof sections is less than the width of each building section. In an embodiment, each roof section is half or one third the width of the building section so that 2 or 3 panels of the same type are placed side by side on top wall 64 to cover the width of the building section.

With reference to FIG. 7, in an embodiment, the roof sections are formed by a sloping truss or frame with a bottom horizontal beam 118 as a support beam, an upper horizontal beam 110 as a purlin, and S-profiles 112 as a purlin to which a roofing sheet 114 is attached. At the end of each truss there are vertical beams 120 that are joined between adjacent sections and can be fastened together. It can be seen that in the higher section 102, the roofing sheet 122 overlaps the sheet 114 to 124 to ensure that increasing water runoff from the roofing 100 is properly drained. sheet 114 are formed, for example, from extruded aluminum and steel roofing sheets or FRP beams/panels or extruded FRP element.

In addition, in FIG. 7 shows an insulated wall 80 having a service conduit 182 installed for the installation of electrical cables and plumbing pipes. Alternatively or additionally, channeled skirting boards may be provided between the interior wall 80 and the floor structure 86.

With reference to FIG. 8, cross beam 42 is shown in more detail. The beam is an I-beam in one embodiment, or two aligned-wall channels in another embodiment. The beam 42 is preferably welded, glued and/or mechanically (eg bolted) to the longitudinal bottom frame member 40 . Beam 42 has mounting holes 130 for attaching beam 42 to bases 152 or other building section from below. In addition, the transverse elements 70 of the channel are shown, passing between the longitudinal horizontal lower elements 40 of the frame. In an embodiment, the transverse members are made of steel or FRP. Also shown is the floor element(s) 132 forming the floor 86. The access panel covering the attachment point of the beam 42 has been removed. Fastening beam 42 to the bases allows you to transfer the load from the frame to the bases in addition to the bases available at each end.

With reference to FIG. 9, the corner of the building section shows an insulated interior wall 80 attached to an interior wall 82. The wall 80 consists of a frame, such as a light steel frame 160 with an insulating material 164 between magnesium oxide cement board or drywall panels, FRP panels, or the like. The wall may be certified for cyclonic conditions and/or may be fire resistant. Thermal break sheets 166 and 168 may be provided on each side of frame 80. Lightweight steel vertical member 170 is positioned in frame 160 within corner post 40 such that a gap 172 is provided between interior wall 80 and side wall 60' and end wall 62. Member 170 also attached to the longitudinal members of the framing and, if possible, to the vertical members 52. The interior wall 80 has vertically extending steel studs evenly spaced along its length. Usually, the approximate distance is 300 mm. Pasting 182, such as wallpaper or laminate, can be performed on the lining of the inner wall 174, which in turn can be applied to the waterproof sheet 176 for wet areas, such as in a bathroom or laundry room. Wall construction options are described with reference to FIGS. 13-16.

Walls 80/82 can be designed to provide a cyclone resistant category as if they were not inside the frame. This allows the building section to have the structural integrity of a cyclone resistant structure that is internal to the framing, independent of the increased structural integrity provided by the framing and/or 60/62 wall.

Also shown is a connector 190 connecting the connection points 50 of the corner posts 40 and the corner posts 40' of another building section.

The wall element 60B of this embodiment is different from the wall element 60 of other embodiments. It has recessed columns 332 for mounting fasteners 184, and holes 186 for attaching aesthetic outer cladding 232. Wall 60A may be bolted 188 to frame 40. The outer cladding may be FRP sheet.

In FIG. 10 shows a similar construction at the corners of four sections. There is an air gap 192 between the wall elements 60 and 60'. When adjacent wall elements 60 or 62 are removed, air gap 192 can be used for utilities.

With reference to FIG. 11, there is an embodiment of a ceiling structure 84 comprising a top panel 64 which is typically made of weather-resistant steel or may be made of FRP. In an embodiment, below is an internal insulating ceiling panel 208, preferably separated by an air gap. In an embodiment, this ceiling panel is made of a stud frame with heat insulating material between the studs of the frame where the required engineering ducts and piping are provided. The ceiling panel is usually attached to the framing and increases the structural integrity of the framing. In an embodiment, on one or both sides of the rack frame is a sheet of insulating material, such as foil isol 206 and 210, which acts as a thermal break. In an embodiment, below the panel 208 is a decorative cladding 212 that is typically fire resistant, such as magnesium oxide cement board or FAP. Panel 212 may be sound-absorbing, such as provided with holes to reduce sound levels.

As an alternative to decorative cladding 212, false ceiling slats can be used.

In an embodiment, the roof has a hinged profiled metal sheet panel 202 that is held at an optimal angle by brackets to support the solar array 204. Alternatively, the solar array forms part of the roof panel.

With reference to FIG. 12, there is an embodiment of a floor structure 86 comprising a bottom panel 132, which is typically made of weather-resistant steel or FAP-panel, attached to cross members 70. In an embodiment, a sheet of waterproof insulating material, such as foil isol 222, is placed on top of it, which acts as a thermal break. In an embodiment, over it is a metal insulated panel 224, for example, with a 50 mm polystyrene core and 0.5 mm powder coated metal sheet on each side, or honeycomb concrete beams. On top is a floor 226 of pressed vinyl composite. Alternatively, other surfaces such as tile, wood or carpet can be used.

With reference to FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of an exterior wall 230 of a building. In this embodiment, optionally supplied exterior cladding 232 is installed on the outside of panel 60A or on end 62A, for example, using fixing elements 184 and holes 186. On the inside is an insulating wall panel 236, for example, panel 80. In an embodiment, , the panel is made of a stud frame with thermal insulation material 252 between the studs of the frame 250. Where necessary, engineered air ducts and piping are provided in the panel 236. In an embodiment, on one or both sides of the post frame is a sheet of water resistant insulating material, such as foil isol 234 and 238, which acts as a thermal break. In an embodiment, the interior surface has a decorative liner 240 that is preferably fire retardant, such as magnesium oxide cement board or FRP board. This lining may have a decorative image applied to the visible surface.

The panel 236 has a lower edge 254 which is mounted on the lower longitudinal frame member 40. The cladding 232 and side/end 60/62 further extend downward to cover the entire side of the building section 16.

With reference to FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of an interior wall 240 of a building. This wall is outside the building section, but becomes the interior wall of the building when the building section is assembled. It has a similar construction to wall 230 except that it does not include cladding 232. Optionally, side/end 60/62 can be removed. Typically, this interior wall 240 faces a similar mirrored interior wall of an adjacent building section.

With reference to FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of an interior wall 260 for a “wet zone”. A wet zone is an area where there is water supply, such as a bathroom, laundry room, outdoor barbecue area or kitchen. The wall has a similar construction to wall 230 except that cladding 232 is optionally not included. Optionally side/end 60/62 can be removed. Additionally, most of the surfaces have a waterproof lining 262 inside. This lining 262 may be a FRP panel.

With reference to FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of an interior wall 270 with an opening. It has a similar construction to wall 260 except that an opening 56 is provided in the wall where a door or window 274 may be present. In an embodiment, the window may be a double glazed sliding window with a thermal break frame 272, powder or vinyl coated. . In an embodiment, this wall section can be used as a veranda area wall. Alternatively, this wall 270 may be an exterior wall, in which case a side/end wall 60/62 may be present, and an exterior cladding 232 may optionally be included if not exposed to the outside atmosphere. Exterior cladding 232 may be weather steel or 60/62 FRP and may have a decorative finish applied to the visible surface.

Preferably, the insulation material is fire resistant, such as, for example, stone/mineral wool insulation, although other layers, such as 60/62 sheet/cladding or magnesium oxide cement boards 212/238, also serve as a fire retardant layer. It is also preferred that this layer furthermore has water and mildew resistance properties and soundproofing properties.

Opening 56 may be fitted with cyclone shutters which, when fitted with wall 62 in the opening between the porch and the outside of building 10, allow the veranda that is inside the frame 40 to be cyclone resistant.

In an embodiment, the veranda deck includes a railing or balustrade along one of the surfaces of the building section.

In an embodiment, in operation, the veranda deck is open to the veranda deck of an adjacent building section.

In an embodiment, the wall separating the deck of the veranda from the room in the building is insulated. In an embodiment, the veranda deck envelope is not insulated.

Interior walls 80/82, ceiling panel 208, and floor structure 86, excluding bottom panel 132, may be constructed with the utilities installed as one or more interior modular sections that are installed in turn into and secured to frame 40.

Interior walls 80/82, interior ceiling panels 208, and floor structure 86, excluding bottom panel 132, can have suitable structural integrity in the box structure, as if frame 40 were not present. This may allow the building section 16 to have a weather rating at least the same as that of a similar design with frame 40.

For ease of transport, the carrier frame 40, preferably in the form of a cuboid with walls 60 and 62, can be handled like a shipping container. More preferably, the frame may have a greater width, with the frame width being at least 2.4 m, preferably from 2.6 m to 4.2 m, more preferably from about 3.3 m (11 ft) to 3.5 m and most preferably 3.4 m.

In an embodiment, the frame length is approximately 6 m, 6.8 m, 7.2 m, 12 m, 14.4 m, 18 m, or 36 m. is approximately 2.9 m in height. In an embodiment, the tall container is 5.8 m (19 ft) high. In an embodiment, each container has a height of approximately 3.12 m or 3.48 m. In an embodiment, each tall container has a height of 6.24 m, 6.96 m, or 8.7 m.

The air gap between the outer wall 60/62 and the inner wall 80/82 means that the outer walls of the container may not be completely waterproof and the outer walls 60/62 may be bolted (or steel spot welded) to save money. Additionally, the sections do not need to be passed through a flotation tank to ensure they are completely watertight. In addition, as an option, there is the possibility of removing the outer wall 60/62 from its location in accordance with the design of the building, as well as replacing it in the future in case of new transportation. Desirably, the top outer panel 64 is waterproof for transport.

With reference to FIG. 19, there are two side-by-side panels 980 that form at least a portion of a building's interior wall or exterior cladding. Each panel 980 contains a FRP sheet with an artistic finish, such as a painted wall. Alternatively, the finish may include a photograph, painting, drawing or image to make the surface visible when installed in the building. The finish is applied to the panel prior to installation into the wall. The panels have 982 hole attachment points for bolting or screwing to the frame or other building structures. Alternatively, the panels may be attached with an adhesive or adhesive such as resin. This panel 980 can be used as panel 238 in the previous aspect of the invention.

With reference to FIG. 20 and 21, the building section includes an outer skin 960 in the form of a panel containing a FRP sheet. The panel has an artistic finish, such as a pattern of bricks, or in this case, by way of example only, a hexagonal pattern, so that the surface is visible when installed on the building. The panels are attached by bolting or screwing the panel through the corner holes 962 to the frame or other building structures, or by gluing. In FIG. 20A and 21A show an alternative embodiment where the outer skin 960 covers the frame 40.

In an embodiment, the modular sections are configured to be assembled into a building without structural changes.

Building sections can be connected to each other using a frame, while the frame transfers loads to the ground / foundations. The wall panels essentially reinforce the framework, assisting in the transfer of load.

With reference to FIG. 22 shows an alternate row 414. In essence, this row 414 is substantially the same as row 14 described above, except that in this embodiment, the row comprises two elongated modular building sections 16' end to end. In addition, in this embodiment, the corridor 30 is replaced by an internal service channel 30', which may be narrower than the corridor 30, and may be limited by walls so that access is only possible from above or below, or through an access panel in the room. 32/32'. Each section 16' contains a veranda deck 36 which is internal to the frame 40, a bedroom 34 and a bathroom 32. The veranda 36 is open to the outside of the building. The channel 30 for maintenance of internal engineering systems provides access to the bathrooms 32 of each section 16' for maintenance. Each section is a separate housing.

In FIG. 24-27 show a further alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, row 14 consists of one modular building section 16'', and sections 16'', arranged side by side as shown in FIG. 25. In essence, this section 16'' is essentially the same as row 14 described above, except that in this embodiment, section 16'' has a longer frame 40 and is divided into two living quarters. There is no corridor 30. It is replaced by a channel 332 to serve the internal engineering systems, which is made of two parts sections 330 and 330' of the channel, located on the joined sides of adjacent sections 16''. This form of channel can be used in a two-section row embodiment, in that each rear section adds an area of space that forms a channel 332 for servicing internal utilities. In addition, each dwelling section 16'' contains a veranda deck 36, which is internal to the frame 40, a bedroom 34 and a bathroom 32, while the bathrooms are adjacent to each other and maintenance of engineering systems is provided through a channel 332 for servicing internal engineering systems. Panel sections 360, 362, and 364 may be removed with panels 60/62 or separately, providing access to porches 36 and channel section 330 for maintenance of internal utilities.

It is possible to have a “wet zone” and a “dry zone” in one module, for example, a bathroom 32 and a living room 34 (and a veranda 36) in one modular building section.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, the modular building section comprises: a supporting frame 40 in the form of a cuboid suitable for interconnection with another modular building section when constructing the building 10 either in a row of one section or in a row of two or three sections . An internal structural stud wall 80/82 is attached to the stud 40 and forms spaces within the modular building section. The outer weather panels 60/62 are attached to the side and/or end face of the frame 40 and can be removed. Channel 30/30'/332 for maintenance of internal engineering systems is internal to the frame. It can be closed with a 60/62 access panel for transport and opened from the outside of the frame when the 60/62 access panel is removed.

Because the verandas 36/36' are within the frame 40, they can be protected from the weather, for example by shutters and/or roofing, allowing the wall of the room 34/34' to be glazed.

In FIG. 28 shows a detail of the horizontal cross section D1. The air gap 172 between the outer panel 62 and the stud wall 82 is clearly visible.

In FIG. 29 shows a detail of the horizontal cross section D2. A thermal break is shown on the glazing frame 272.

In FIG. 30 shows a section 330 of the channel for servicing internal engineering systems in detail D3, where the wall section is the same as 250.

In FIG. 30A shows an alternative detail of FIG. 30, in which there are columns 332 for fixing the outer cladding 232, where the wall section is the same as 230.

In FIG. 29 shows an opening 302 in detail D4. There is a balustrade or handrail 304 to provide a safety barrier when the porch is at height. There is a temporary cover 308, such as plywood, for transport.

In FIG. 29B shows an alternate opening 302 with a door 320 in detail D4. There is a balustrade or handrail 304 to provide a safety barrier when the porch is at height. There is a temporary cover 308, such as plywood, for transport.

In FIG. 31 shows an example of how the roof portion 100 (and 100') can be divided longitudinally into three portions such that, for example, portion 108 is divided into constituent roof elements R22, R26 and R30. Other roof shapes may be used, or an outdoor corridor may be provided. In an embodiment, C1, C2 and C3 are outdoors.

In FIG. 32, which is a schematic representation, shows the connecting elements 280 of the modular section 16 assembled, or ready for final connection before transportation to the construction site and with the equipment placed inside the section 56 for transportation to the construction site. In particular, the section contains roof segments for the purpose of transportation to the construction site and subsequent assembly. It is desirable that each modular section contains its own roofing elements, in this case, the roofing elements R22, R26 and R30 of the roof segment 108 are shown as an example.

With reference to FIG. 33, many different types of sections, 12 in this example, may be available as base sections that are prefabricated and equipped with equipment including exterior walls, interior partitions, doors, and other fixtures such as, for example, plumbing fixtures, kitchen cabinets, laundry facilities, lighting, electrical wiring and plumbing. Wiring and plumbing may be installed on site, or may be ready to be connected to other sections or to an external connection. Components such as lamps, faucets, air conditioning, etc. can be installed on site or supplied ready-made. This allows the architect to design the building in stages, order the necessary sections, deliver them to the site and attach them to the building.

In FIG. 33 each section type means, for example:

1 - carport;

2 - outdoor platform;

3 - living room;

4 - dining room with a kitchen bench;

5 - an office or a bedroom with a veranda;

6 - bathroom / laundry room with a veranda;

7 - bathroom / laundry room with a passage;

8 - bedroom with bathroom;

9 - dining room with kitchen;

10 - outdoor area with barbecue;

11 - entrance veranda with stairs; And

12 - entrance to the stairs and the area of the living room / bedroom.

In this example, the unpainted white areas may have a concrete floor, the vertical linear fill may be wood or similar flooring, the dot patterned areas are “dry area” floors with furniture, and the square pattern is “wet area” with cabinet furniture and floor fixtures.

Interior walls and doors can be conventional, such as a light steel stud wall supporting spaced panels or polycarbonate insulated panels. The door frame can be installed into the wall framing with additional supporting vertical posts.

In FIG. 34 shows an assembly process in which the modular section is in the form of a shipping container. Upon arrival at the construction site, it may be ready to be put into place, or one or more outer shells (60/62/64) may be removed, as shown in the examples. Walls 60A and 62A may be prepared for site cladding. Some sections may be higher than others, such as in the case of stairwells or lift shafts. The modular sections are arranged in rows, side by side, or end to end, and the rows form a building, including, in some embodiments, stacking the sections on top of each other. The internal design of the modular section allows them to be stacked on top of each other during transport and also allows stacking on top of each other during building construction. When the skin 60 of adjacent sections as well as the support members 52 are removed to create more open area, additional bracing may be used in other section walls or surrounding sections to compensate for the removed support members or ceiling. In addition, in addition to or instead of them, angular braces can be used for structural reinforcement.

Additionally, it is desirable to have a vertical support in the nearest adjacent retained wall (not remote) which is the nearest vertical support attached at the nearest intersection 48 to maintain the structural integrity of the section.

The transportability of the sections may furthermore be useful not only when constructing a building, but also when moving the building to another location, or when dismantling the building and reusing the modular sections in one or more other buildings of different designs.

The present invention may be of particular advantage when the building is located in a remote location and construction of the building involves significant transportation costs and/or when labor costs are significant, whereby it is desirable to minimize construction costs on site. However, the application of the invention is not limited to remote locations.

Modifications may be made to the present invention in the context of what is described and shown in the drawings. Such modifications are intended to be part of the invention presented in this specification.

Claims (12)

1. Modular building section for the construction of a building, comprising: load-bearing frame, made with the possibility of interconnection with another modular building section during the construction of the building, moreover, the modular building section is adapted for handling as a shipping container for transportation, and a pole-frame panel located inside the carrier frame and attached to the carrier frame, and a ceiling structure located inside the carrier frame and attached to the carrier frame, wherein the pole-frame panel and the ceiling structure are carrier, and the pole-frame panel and the ceiling structure increase the carrier load-bearing capacity. 2. The modular building section of claim 1, wherein the building section further comprises a weatherproof removable exterior panel attached to each side, end face, and top side of the supporting frame and is in line with the corresponding side, end surface, or top side of the supporting frame, moreover, the outer panel closes the post-frame panel or ceiling structure during operation. 3. Modular building section according to claim 2, in which there is an air gap between the corresponding outer panel and the post-frame panel. 4. Modular building section according to one of paragraphs. 2 or 3, which provides an air gap between the corresponding outer panel and the ceiling structure. 5. Modular building section according to one of paragraphs. 1-4, in which the supporting frame contains vertical corner posts, and the post-frame panel contains a vertical corner post attached to one of the vertical posts of the supporting frame and adjacent to it. 6. Modular building section according to one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the load-bearing frame of the building contains horizontal elements, while the ceiling structure contains a horizontal structural element attached to one of the horizontal elements of the load-bearing frame and adjacent to it. 7. A building containing a plurality of modular building sections, each modular building section corresponding to any of the preceding paragraphs. 8. The method of building a building, including the manufacture of multiple building sections, as defined in paragraphs. 1-6, and placing the building sections one after the other and connecting the sections together into a single structure.

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