SE1800062A1 - Genopstilleligt etageboligsystem - Google Patents

Abstract

SummaryThe present invention relates to a erectable residential flat system complying with BR15, comprising at least two ISO containers (containers), each defining a longitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, wherein each container comprises a base with an outer base side and an inner base side, a top with an inner top side and an outer top side, two opposing side walls with an outer wall side and an inner wall side as well as two end parts, a support structure arranged on the outside of the containers , comprising a number of substantially vertical columns, a number of substantially horizontal longitudinal beams connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, a number of substantially horizontal cross supports connected to the substantially horizontal longitudinal beams and / or connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, and insulation located between two adjacent sides of the containers, characterized in that containers placed over at least one other container in the same vertical plane are individually / each carried by the support structure and the containers thus substantially do not abut each other, and that between such overlying containers is insulation.

Description

RE-ERECTABLE RESIDENTIAL FLAT SYSTEM Technical area The present invention relates to a re-erectable residential flat system which complies with current building regulations, e.g. called BR15.

Background of the invention Container residences or residential construction based on ISO containers has been known for many years. It has been attempted to use ISO containers for residential construction, because the mass production of containers makes them a cheap provision of a protected volume, which in some locations can be used directly for residences. Furthermore, for their intended application, i.e. the carriage of goods, containers have a limited lifetime, which after use, however, does not make them unsuitable for other purposes where a protected volume is desired. Due to the considerable number of containers and their limited lifetime, used containers have also been very inexpensive to purchase.

Containers have thus been used for residences in a wide variety of ways throughout the world. In many regions of the world, there are very little or no real regulatory requirements for residences. This means that, as a point of departure, the predominant reason for a specific construction being made based on containers is either a specific desire for aesthetics and/or functionality, or that construction costs must be kept low. This has resulted in a wide range of creative uses for containers for residences.

However, some countries, e.g. Denmark, have strict requirements for residences, wherein a wide range of factors must be taken into consideration during construction. These are factors such as insulation, fire protection, daylight, availability, indoor climate, etc. The Danish requirements for such factors are seen in other countries as very specific and are quite naturally less relevant in other national countries in relation to the general building stock of such countries. For example, very warm countries do not specify insulation to retain heat, but to retain cold, and it might be the case that a specification of requirements for an air- conditioning system is found more relevant. In line with this, a country with a risk of earthquakes will be more focused on specifying safety measures for this scenario.

Denmark has building regulations which, at any given time, carefuily specify the requirements for residences, such as specified in BR15. These specifications mean that ISO containers cannot directly be used for residences in Denmark.

However, ISO containers are used in temporary contexts in several connections where a permanent housing stock is not desired. In these contexts, requirements to the residences are usually more lenient. However, this means that such residences, which have been erected during a more lenient regime, can only be used for such temporary housing or for residences with a different form of exemption.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a re-erectable residence system based on ISO containers, which is inexpensive to produce and easy to erect and disassemble.

Brief summary of the invention The present invention relates to a re-erectable residential flat system, complying with BR15, comprising: - at least two ISO containers (containers), each defining a longitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, wherein each container comprises a base with an outer bottom side and an inner bottom side, a top with an inner top side and an outer top side, two opposing side walls with an outer wall side and an inner wall side, and two end parts, - a support structure arranged at the outside of the containers, comprising: - a number of substantially vertical columns, - a number of substantially horizontal longitudinal beams connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, - a number of substantially horizontal cross supports connected to the substantially horizontal longitudinal beams and/or connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, and - insulation located between two adjacent sides of the containers, characterised in that containers placed over at least one other container in the same vertical plane are individually/each carried by the support structure and the containers thus substantially do not abut each other, and that between such containers located over each other there is insulation.

Using this support structure may achieve, for example, that the container in itself does not need additional reinforcements in order to counteract the effects of fire or counteract deformation beyond the longitudinal direction of the container. In this way, compliance with the non-building-specific requirements for the entire system may be achieved - for instance requirements made in e.g. BR15 (Danish building regulations). Likewise, it may be achieved that the support structure provides the entire system with a total strength, so that penetration of the walls of the container, e.g. in connection with windows and doors, can be carried out with greater freedom in relation to location and size.

In an embodiment, the re-erectable residential flat system may comprise an insulated cavity between vertically overlying containers.

A container may, in itself or built together with one or more containers, define a residence/residence unit and thus also a separate fire cell.

The support structure thus achieves that the re-erectable residence system can easily be disassembled/removed without damaging the individual components. This means that the residence system, fully or partially, can be easily moved to a new location if necessary. Because the support structure/residence system can thus be disassembled without damaging the individual components, these may be used directly when the residence system is erected anew. If two adjacent containers are cut up to match each other as adjacent containers with direct passage, i.e. functioning as one unit, this must be taken into account, but otherwise, the containers need not be located in the same way, at the same location in the system, in a first erection of the system as in the next erection of the system. This achieves that unnecessary time is not wasted on logistics. The bolted system also ensures that only commercially available tools need to be used in the erection of the residence system, e.g. cranes, wrenches, typically pneumatic or electrical, as well as ordinary hand tools in relation to the connection of plumbing and electricity.

The longitudinal beams may lie in a plane outside of planes running in parallel between two opposing outer wall sides.

The longitudinal beams may be directly connected to the columns.

In an embodiment, the residence system may comprise a toilet located centrally in relation to the longitudinal direction. In this way it is avoided that the already open end parts, and thus an obvious opportunity for daylight, is blocked by a toilet area.

In an embodiment, the least one of the two end parts of the individual container may include doors.

In another embodiment, a deck may be distended between two open doors so that deck and doors define a balcony.

In a third embodiment, the deck may be attached directly to the doors.

In a fourth embodiment, the deck may be attached directly to the door hinges on the container. In this way, a simple construction is achieved, which utilises the already existing one, thereby saving materials and labour costs.

In an embodiment, the at least one door may be opened more than 90° from the closed position.

In another embodiment, the balcony may include a guard or railing.

In an embodiment, the cross supports may be directly connected to the longitudinal beams. This achieves that the cross supports can support the container under the quarter points of the container, thus minimising the deflection of the container along the longitudinal direction.

The cross supports may be directly linked to the columns.

In an embodiment, the columns may be located in the outer two-thirds of the longitudinal direction of the container.

In another embodiment, the columns may be located in the outer quarter points of the longitudinal direction of the container.

In a third embodiment, the columns may be located substantially immediately at the end parts of the container.

The system may furthermore comprise a blanking wall arranged at a distance parallel to the inner wall side of the at least one wall.

The bottom(s) of the system may be arranged at least one metre above ground level. This achieves that injurious health hazards from a possibly contaminated site are eliminated.

In an embodiment, insertion plates may have been introduced between a container and the support structure. This achieves a dampening of sounds and vibrations which would otherwise be transported from the container to the support structure or vice versa. In another embodiment, the insertion plates may be made of neoprene or rubber.

The system may comprise layers of insulation arranged between the longitudinal beams and the cross supports, respectively. In this way, the insulation layer is substantially horizontally arranged. This achieves that the containers are fully insulated without this occurring at the expense of the inner ceiling height.

The insulation above the upper container may be thicker than the insulation between two containers. This achieves improved insulation properties at the top, which is typically more exposed to weather conditions.

The insulation above the upper container may comprise a protective cover layer, an outer layer of the building envelope, to protect the residence system against water and snow etc. This achieves that insulation and cover layer act as a roof without actually being separated from the container, however. Overall, the top of the container thus functions as load-bearing for the top insulation and cover layer.

In a further embodiment, the insulation above the upper container may comprise a load-bearing structure, so that insulation, cover layer and load-bearing structure may be removed as a roof cassette separately. This achieves that the roof cassette may be placed individually with a minimum of contact to the container(s). The roof cassette may include solar collectors or solar cells. The cover layer may substantially consist of solar cells.

The cover layer may have a slope of more than 2.5°. This achieves adequate water abstraction of the roof. The cover layer/roof covering may be felt board of class BROOF(t2).

In an embodiment, the profile elements in the form of the columns, the cross supports and the longitudinal beams may be bolted together. This achieves that they can easily be disassembled and reassembled. This achieves that the overall re-erectable residence system may be used in one place, e.g. for temporary housing, and immediately moved to another location.

In an embodiment, the support system may be mounted on screw piles. This may save time and planning of the foundation. The support system may comprise trimming beams at each support point for screw piles. Thus, a trimming beam may be supported by two screw piles and thereby minimise the load on the individual screw pile. The screw piles supporting a trimming beam may have a distance of O.5-5 m or of 0.75-3.5 m, or more preferably of 1-2 m.

In an embodiment, the support structure may have 2-8 columns in the longitudinal direction of the container. In this way, loads can be distributed in a preferred way.

Each column may be supported by a trimming beam and two screw piles. This achieves a simple and inexpensive foundation of the support system.

The sides of the individual containers may be insulated from the inside and constructed using insulation, barrier layer and plasterboard. This achieves that the interior finishing of the containers may be designed using conventional methods and thus by means of conventional tools and common craftsmen. Despite the fact that the container is preferably constructed from steel, it is generally not necessary to use blacksmiths for the interior finishing.

In an embodiment, the contact faces of the columns against the substructure may comprise an increased area in relation to the rest of the cross-sectional area of the individual column. This achieves that the columns may have a smaller foundation, as the increased contact face distributes the load from the column on the substructure.

The system may also comprise cover plates on one or more of the horizontal surfaces, i.e. cover plates which protect e.g. the insulation, for example under the bottom of a container which does not have an underlying container. Likewise, a cover plate may be mounted between two containers to protect the insulation.

The adjoining side walls of two adjacent containers may be cut through so as to form a passage from a first container to a second container. In this way, a larger space is generally achieved, but a more square space may also be achieved, which allows for better and more practical interior design of the residence. Adjoining side walls may be provided with a tight-fitting lip of e.g. rubber. This achieves a close connection between the first container and the second container.

The end parts of the containers may be provided with windows or doorways or combinations thereof. These windows or doorways may be flush with the outer side of the end part. Similarly, the windows or doorways may be retracted into the container so as to achieve a covered balcony by virtue of the container top.

In an embodiment, the support structure may be fully or partly coated with fire- retardant paint or similar fire-retardant material. This achieves an extended resistance time in the event of fire. Rescue workers can thus arrive at the scene and rescue people in distress, or people in distress can save themselves as the structure of the residential flat system remains intact long enough to do this.

Adjacent containers belonging to each their residence/residence unit, i.e. each their fire cell, may comprise further fire protection, e.g. fire spread protection. The fire spread protection may also be described as being located outside the containers, and the fire spread protection may therefore also be comprised by the support structure. The fire spread protection may include fire-resistant plaster. The fire-resistant plaster may be in one or more layers. The fire-resistant plaster may have a thickness of 10-20 mm, e.g. 15 mm. The fire-resistant plaster may be located between the containers and thus fully or partially enclose a cavity between two adjacent longitudinal beams and/or cross supports in the support structure. The cavity may be filled with insulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the fire- resistant plaster may abut a part of the top face of two adjacent containers and thus shield against the spread of fire to the overlying containers. This protects against vertical spread of fire, and requirements for fire barriers in horizontal fire compartmentalisation in the storey partition have thus been met.

In an embodiment, the re-erectable residential flat system, also called residential container housing, may have up to four storeys, i.e. the floor of the upper storey is no more than 12 m above ground level. This means that requirements for load- bearing structures will not exceed R 60 A2-s1, d0. In a residential flat system of up to four floors, the floor of the upper residential container is a maximum of 9.6 m above ground level, allowing rescue action via hand ladders.

Insulation material may be used with the limitations applying to all other materials in the specific context, including that fire compartmentalisation may be designed as building parts class EI 60 D-s2, d2, designed with cladding class K2 60 A2- sl, d0. Transport, Construction and Housing Authority [BR15], has thus been complied Legislation in this area, i.e. Building Regulations 2015 of the Danish with. This also applies to additional texts, such as Collection of Examples of Fire Protection of Buildings 2012, 2nd brandsikring af byggeri 2012, 2. reviderede udgave) by the Danish Transport, revised edition (Eksempe/sam/ing om Construction and Housing Authority [EBB12.2] and Information about Structural Fire Design by the Danish Business Authority (Danish Energy Agency) [Information].

The re-erectable residential flat system is covered by the general fire requirements for construction in Denmark. Residence construction can be attributed to use category 4. The general assumption of the present patent application is that the instructions of EBB12.2 are adhered to.

The embodiments also contain general requirements which are assessed as having to be met.

In an embodiment, all residences comprise access to an escape staircase.

In another embodiment, access may occur via balcony access, and it may be accepted in certain situations that there is only access to one staircase at the floor of the upper storey, a maximum of 9.6 m above ground level. A balcony access may be designed with load-bearing structures designed in accordance with class R 60 A2-s1, d0, when servicing more than one fire compartment. In an embodiment, the re-erectable residential flat system may comprise an open staircase located between residence units, each consisting of one or more containers. An open staircase may be considered an enclosed staircase if separating walls against residences are designed as fire compartment walls.

In an embodiment, the re-erectable residential flat system comprises fire protection installations in the form of smoke detector systems connected to 230 V power supply with battery backup. Smoke detector systems must be designed in accordance with DS/EN 14604 and comply with DVN 4540 or 4541 for smoke detectors and optical detectors, respectively.

In an embodiment, the individual residence may be designed as a separate fire cell with separating building parts of at least class EI 60. In an embodiment, the re- erectable residential flat system comprises horizontal fire compartment partitions, and all vertical flat partitions must be designed as building parts of at least class EI 60. The point of departure for fire protection is thus that the individual residence with horizontal floor structure as a fire- constitutes its own fire cell compartmentalising building part.

In an embodiment, the individual residence/residence unit thus comprises fire protection through internal mounting of two layers of 15-mm fire-resistant plasterboard on internal walls and ceilings. This in itself constitutes a 60-minute fire protection system K2 60 A2-sl, d0. Alternatively, 45 mm insulation may be designed with steel framework, retained with steel profiles with a 15-mm layer of fire-resistant plasterboard, cladding class Kl 10 B-s1, dO, which generally is assessed to achieve the same protection of container structures as a 60-minute fire protection system with two 15-mm layers of fire-resistant plasterboard.

The horizontal insulation in the storey partition may be designed using insulating materials of at least class B-sl, dO, and protection against vertical spread of fire in flat partitions is designed by establishing a fire barrier in the form of two 15-mm layers of fire-resistant plasterboard, see Fig. 1. This ensures that any flue gases which inadvertently escape into cavities between residences do not spread to other fire compartments.

It applies to one embodiment that all installations may be designed internally in the residences, and the risk of flue gases in the cavities between residence units is assessed as being very small. The fire barrier may be designed as an extra safety feature in relation to the fact that it would be very difficult to provide firefighting in any cavities. It is therefore important to ensure protection particularly against vertical spread of fire where there is a risk of a chimney effect arising. Insulation material between the residences/residence units should be designed as an Kooltherm K12 insulating sheets from Kingspan. Kingspan is a rigid thermoset insulation material with low thermal conductivity. The insulation panel consists of an insulating core coated with a composite foil on both sides. The overall building part has been tested and classified as material class B-sl, dO in accordance with EN 13501-1/EN 15715, whereas the insulating material itself has been tested and classified as material class C-sl, dO.

The wall structure of the residence is shown in Fig. 6, wherein the Kooltherm K12 insulating panel is used between two layers of non-flammable insulation material, respectively an at least 30-mm A-panel batt 10 (see Annex B) of fire class A1 (in accordance with EN 13501-1) against the container wall as well as against the residence, covered by a non-flammable insulation, and at least 45-mm panel batts on steel framework clad with at least one 15-mm layer of fire-resistant plaster cladding. As under the description of ceiling cladding, this is assessed to provide fire protection corresponding to a 60-minute fire protection system.

In connection with combined construction of residences/containers, cavities will arise between the residence units, but the cavities are without fire load. Furthermore, protection against vertical spread of fire is provided through the insertion of fire barriers, see Fig. 5, if, contrary to expectation, flammable flue gases should escape from accidental openings in the constructions. The solution with internal fire protection in the residence by cladding and/or insulation with steel framework, corresponding to a 60-minute fire protection system on walls as well as ceilings, supplemented with fire protection of the storey partition by the establishment of fire barriers using at least two 15-mm layers of fire-resistant plasterboard, is assessed to constitute acceptable protection against spread of fire between residences, including protection against vertical spread of fire between storeys.

External walls will be external sides of containers, including external sides at balconies. Container walls are made from non-flammable materials class A1. As a point of departure, container walls are designed with ventilated cavities with underlying insulation material class A1 using at least 10-mm A-panel batts. For balconies and other small areas, it will be possible to use external strip cladding in 11 material class D-s2, d2 for smaller lots if the entire part of the facade cladding is less than 20% and the extent is designed with uniform distribution on the facade.

Load-bearing structures and thus also the support structure in buildings with more than one storey, where the floor of the top storey is a maximum of 12 m above ground level, must be designed as R 60 A2-sl, dO.

The support structure, and thus the load-bearing structure of the present re- erectable residential flat system, may be designed as a steel framework structure. Basically, the residence system may be compared to a shelving system with the residence container filling a “shelf' in the shelving system. Requirements for load- bearing structures will therefore, as previously mentioned, wholly or partly be met through fire protection of the shelving system.

As the support structure is partially placed between the containers, it is thus assessed to be protected against fire impact, as the residences are internally protected by a 60-minute fire protection system. In order to ensure against any accidental flue gas escaping into cavities, the load-bearing structure is fire protected to R3O A2-s1,dO. This is assessed to meet the requirement for protection of load-bearing structures overall to at least R 60 A2-s1, d0 in the event of fire in a residence.

A residence/residence unit/flat is designed as one fire cell. If the total re-erectable residential flat system exceeds 600 m2, it may further comprise horizontal fire compartmentalisation between storeys.

In an embodiment, the residence system may comprise balcony accesses which serve several residences. These may be designed with load-bearing structures as at least class R 60 A2-sl, d0.

In an embodiment, the re-erectable residential flat system may be defined as a modular building, and it may thus be designed with a varying number of storeys individual residence/residence unit may be designed with all internal installations within its as well as a varying number of residences per storey. The own framework, i.e. original container walls. The overall supply to each residence takes place via a vertical installation shaft. The installation shaft must be designed as a separate fire compartment, and penetrations must be fire protected in 12 accordance with DBI (Danish Institute of Fire and Security Technology) guideline no. 31, including that fire collars must be designed using plastic outlet pipes. The individual residence must therefore be designed with separate installations, i.e. no installations are connected between the containers/residence units.

Short description of drawings The drawings only serve as explanation of the present invention and should in no way be considered as limiting to the description of the present invention. It furthermore applies that shapes and sizes in the drawings of various parts are schematic and intended to provide a better understanding of the invention and should therefore not be used to specifically limit the shapes and sizes of various parts in the present application. Those skilled in this area will be able to select the possible shapes and sizes to implement the invention under the guidance of the present application.

Fig. 1 schematically shows the main components of a re-erectable residence system according to the invention, Fig. 1A shows Fig. 1 in an exploded view, Fig. 2 shows a facade side on a re-erectable residence system according to the invention, Fig. 3A shows a cross-section of the residence system shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3B shows a cross-section of the residence system shown in Fig. 3A, arranged perpendicularly to the cross-section seen in Fig. 3A, Fig. 4 shows a horizontal section of a residence system with four containers and an intermediate part, Fig. 5 shows a vertical section, partly showing four containers each with its own residence unit, i.e. both a vertical and a horizontal flat partition, Fig. 6 shows a section of an insulated outer corner on a container, and P1748SE00 13 Fig. 7 shows a section of an insulated corner on a container.

Detailed description of the invention With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in more detail in the following.

Fig. 1, Fig. 1A and Fig. 2 show a re-erectable residential flat system 1, comprising at least two ISO containers (also merely referred to as “containers') 2, each defining a longitudinal direction L, a width direction B and a height direction H. The height direction H further defines a vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction, which is substantially parallel to the width direction. The system further comprises a support structure 20 arranged on the outside of the containers, wherein the support structure 20 comprises substantially horizontal cross supports 21, substantially horizontal longitudinal beams 22 and substantially columns 23. The beams 22 and the horizontal cross vertical longitudinal supports 21 are bolted to the vertical columns 23.

It can be seen that two containers 2 (for instance 2.1 and 2.2) placed in the same vertical plane parallel to the width direction B individually (each) are carried by the support structure 20, so that two containers 2 do not substantially abut each other. This also applies if more than two containers are placed above each other, e.g. up to eight containers. Thus, all layers or “storeys' of containers abut the cross supports of the support structure 20.

Each container 2 comprises a base 3 with an outer base side 4 and an inner base side 5, a top 6 with an inner top side 7 and an outer top side 8, two opposing side walls 9, 10, each with an outer wall side 11 and an inner wall side 12, as well as two end parts 13 (the individual components are shown on different containers).

In both Fig. 1, Fig. 1A and Fig. 2 it can be seen how end parts 13 abut cross supports 21. Containers are collectively referred to with the reference numeral “2', and in cases where a specification of the individual container is necessary, it is referred to as e.g. 2.1, 2.1' and 2.2, 2.2', whereby distinction is made between two adjacent containers, e.g. 2.1 and 2.1', and two containers overlying each other, e.g. 2.1 and 2.2, respectively. 14 It can be seen that two containers 2 placed in the same vertical plane (VP), for example container 2.1 and container 2.2, individually (each) are carried by the support structure 20, so that the two containers 2 do not substantially abut each other. Between each container 2 and the support structure 20, impact attenuating material can be inserted. This avoids that sounds and vibrations are transferred from the container to the support structure and vice versa.

Fig. 1 further shows that the re-erectable residential flat system includes longitudinal beams lying in planes running parallel to, but also outside of planes running parallel between two opposing outer wall sides on either the same or two or more adjacent containers. In Fig. 2, it will be understood that the decks 42 abut the longitudinal beam (not visible), but that the container does not.

It can thus be seen that the re-erectable residence system can easily be disassembled/removed without damaging the individual components. This means that the residence system, fully or partially, can be easily moved to a new location if necessary. Because the residence system can thus be disassembled without damaging the individual components, these may be used directly when the residence system is erected anew. If two adjacent containers are cut up to match each other, this must be taken into account, but otherwise, the containers need not be located in the same way, at the same location in the system, in a first erection of the system as in the next erection of the system. This achieves that unnecessary time is not wasted on logistics, and the risk or error is eliminated. The bolted system also ensures that only commercially available tools need to be used in the erection of the residence system, e.g. cranes, wrenches, typically pneumatic or electrical, as well as ordinary hand tools in relation to the connection of plumbing and electricity.

Fig. 2 shows how containers 2.1, 2.1', 2.2, 2.2' are arranged in two groups with an intermediate section 40 between them. In this embodiment, the intermediate section comprises a staircase 41 and two decks 42. In this case, the two decks 42 abut the longitudinal beams which extend in the longitudinal direction of the containers (not visible). However, the two decks might also abut cross supports if the two vertical columns 23' were not present, and there were thus no longitudinal beams between the two groups of containers. The decks 42 may have the same thickness which exists between the outer base side and the inner base side of the containers, which avoids having steps into the containers. It can be seen that below the bottom containers there is are a ground clearance 45 to ground level. The ground clearance may be more than half a metre and, in some cases, up to 5 metres. In an embodiment, the ground clearance may be between one and two metres. The top insulation 38 is visible over both groups of containers, and it can be seen that the top insulation 38 extends over the top of two adjacent containers (2.2, 2.2'). In this manner, any thermal bridge between the two containers is closed from above. In the same way, a bottom insulation (shown in a later figure) also extends over two adjacent containers.

Fig. 3A shows in a section of two containers how insulation 30 is located between two layers of containers 2.1 and 2.2. In the section shown, the cross supports 21 are shown under the end parts and in the third points of the containers. The division of the container length into dl, d2 and d3, respectively, represents thirds of the length of the container. Likewise, it is shown how bottom insulation 34 is located on the outer side 4 of the base 3 on the bottom container 2.1, and that top insulation 38 is arranged on the outer top side 8 of the container top. It can be seen that the insulation in the top and bottom, respectively, of the residence system, i.e. bottom insulation 34 and top insulation 38, is thicker than the insulation between two containers 2.1, 2.2 arranged on top of each other. Bottom insulation 34 and top insulation 38 may be 50% or more insulating than the intermediate insulation. Between the outer base side 4 and the inner base side 5, the base 3 of the container is reinforced with C-profiles.

The top insulation 38 above the top container comprises a protective cover layer 39, i.e. an outer layer of the building envelope, to protect the residence system against external influences such as water and snow. The cover layer 39 may consist of traditional roofing materials, e.g. roofing felt, metal plates, tiles, composite materials such as wood-fibre composites or fibreglass. The cover layer 39 may have an inclination of 2.5°.

Fig. 3B shows a cross-section of four containers 2. The interior height IH is, for example, 2-3 m, or 2.25-2.75 m or, as in the case shown, 2.5 m. It can be seen that the side wall 10 comprises an outer side wall 11 and an inner side wall 12, wherein insulation and inner cladding, e.g. plaster, OSB or similar, are mounted on the inner side wall 12. The wall sides are thus insulated from the inside, whereas the top and base of the containers are insulated from the outside. This achieves maximum internal headroom inside the container. 16 Fig. 4 shows, as in Fig. 3B, how a side wall 9 in the individual containers 2 is insulated from the inside and constructed using insulation, barrier layer and inner cladding, e.g. plasterboards or wooden cladding. It is also shown that two adjacent containers 2 may have had most of two adjacent sides removed, whereby a more square space is obtained. By removal of most of a side of a container, a large part of the load-bearing structure of the container is also removed. However, the support structure specifically ensures that the missing load-bearing structure of the individual container does not affect neither the function of the individual container nor the total strength of the residential flat system. The support structure thus allows design freedom for the layout and division of adjacent containers, but also for individual containers, e.g. for windows and doors. Opening up between two adjacent containers further achieves that the building regulations regarding distances in bathrooms can be respected in practice without having to divide toilet 51 and bathroom. The distance from an insulated side wall to an opposing side wall does not allow for a toilet accessible to the disabled facing a side wall. This is because insufficient space can be achieved between toilet and wall when insulation is carried out on the inside. It can be seen that a bathroom 51 takes up the entire width of a container. If the containers are not built together two and two (or more), it is thus only possible to place a bathroom/toilet in an end part of a container, as it would otherwise be divided inappropriately.

It can further be seen that the containers comprise balconies 50. The balconies 50 are mounted directly on the end parts 13 of the containers. The balconies may use the doors of the end parts as side members. Furthermore, the balconies 50, i.e. the balcony bottoms, may be mounted directly in the doors or the hinges of the doors and in this way hang in the hinges.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show enlarged sections of containers in relation to compliance with fire requirements. The situation in Fig. 5 is not shown in the preceding figures, as this situation is in the event of two adjacent, separate fire cells. Figs. 1-4 thus do not show this situation, as Fig. 1 only shows a schematic image without adjacent residence units, and the residence units in Figs. 2-4 are divided by intermediate area 40 (see Fig. 4) which prevents the spread of fire.

Fig. 5 shows a section between four fire cells/residence units B01, B02, B03 and B04. The residence units may consist of several containers. Thus, sections of the base of B01 and B02, respectively, are shown, whereas the top of BO3 17 and B04 are shown. This is thus the existing base structure 3 of the container, and this partial section also shows the outer side 11 of the existing container. Horizontally arranged, insulation 30 is seen between two overlying containers, e.g. B01 and B03. The insulation thus lies between the upper side 8 of the bottom containers B03 and B04 and the underside of the upper containers B01 and B02. Between the longitudinal beams 22 is a partially open cavity 51. The cavity is filled with insulation. One side of the cavity 51 is shielded by fire-resistant plaster 50. The fire-resistant plaster could also be another fire-retardant material. The fire- resistant plaster 50 prevents a vertical spread of fire from the containers, i.e. from residence units B03 and B04 to the overlying residence units B01 and B02. It can be seen that the inner wall 12 in the residence units is both insulated with insulation material and also covered with plaster or another wall cladding (see Figs. 6 and 7 regarding the insulation 79 and panels 78).

Fig. 6 shows the wall structure of a residence unit, wherein the Kooltherm K12 insulating panel from Kingspan is used between two layers of non-flammable insulating material, panel batts 75, 79, respectively, and an at least 30-mm A- panel batt of fire class A1 (ln accordance with EN 13501-1) against the container wall, respectively. It can further be seen that against the residence side B0, covering has been done with non-flammable insulation as at least 45-mm panel batts on steel framework, clad with at least one 15-mm layer of fire-resistant plaster cladding. This achieves a fire protection corresponding to a 60-minute fire protection system.

In connection with combined construction of residences/containers, cavities will arise between the residence units, but the cavities are without fire load. Furthermore, protection against vertical spread of fire is provided through the insertion of fire barriers (see Fig. 5), if, contrary to expectation, flammable flue gases should escape from accldental openings in the constructions. The solution with internal fire protection in the residence by cladding and/or insulation with steel framework, corresponding to a 60-minute fire protection system on walls as well as ceilings, supplemented with fire protection of the storey partition by the establishment of a fire barrier using at least two 15-mm layers of fire-resistant plasterboard, is assessed to constitute acceptable protection against spread of fire between residences, including protection against vertical spread of fire between storeys. 18 Fig. 7 shows the structure of the sides of a container 2. The figure is thus a horizontal section through a corner of a container. It should be understood that this is only a small section, and that the technical features are substantially similar all the way around the container. It can be seen that there are ventilated cavities 70 which have been created at parts of the original structure of the container, among other things at the original/existing outer side of the container 71. When installing windows 77, the container and thereby the entire re- erectable residential flat system 1 will comprise a jointing strip 72. A joint 73 has been laid between the window section 77 and the outer side of the container, and a building envelope has further been created through e.g. a sheath 74 made of e.g. aluminium. Against the inner side of the container, a wall of rigid panel batts 75 is seen, e.g. made from stone wool, such as 10-30 mm ROCKWOOL A- panel batts. Furthermore, a rigid insulation 76 is seen, e.g. known under the trademark Kooltherm from Kingspan. Against the inside of the container, two layers of plaster or similar have been used in a traditional manner as inner wall 78.

Immediately behind the inner wall 78 can be seen a layer of panel batts 79.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments shown are shown as schematic examples.

Claims (10)

Patent claims

1. A re-erectable residential flat system which complies with current building regulations (e.g. BR15), comprising: - at least two ISO containers (containers), each defining a Iongitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, wherein each container comprises a base with an outer bottom side and an inner bottom side, a top with an inner top side and an outer top side, two opposing side walls with an outer wall side and an inner wall side, and two end parts, - a support structure arranged at the outside of the containers, comprising: - a number of substantially vertical columns, - a number of substantially horizontal Iongitudinal beams connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, - a number of substantially horizontal cross supports connected to the substantially horizontal Iongitudinal beams and/or connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, and - insulation located between two adjacent sides of the containers, characterised in that containers placed over at least one other container in the same vertical plane are individually/each carried by the support structure and the containers thus substantially do not abut each other, and that between such containers located over each other there is insulation.

2. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claim 1, wherein the Iongitudinal beams lie in a plane outside of planes running in parallel between two opposing outer wall sides.

3. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the Iongitudinal beams are directly connected to the columns.

4. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1-4, wherein the system comprises layers of insulation arranged between the Iongitudinal beams and the cross supports, respectively.

5. The re-erectable residential flat system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulation above the upper container is thicker than the insulation between two containers. P1748SE00

6. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1-5, wherein the insulation above the top container comprises a protective cover layer, an outer layer of the building envelope, to protect the residence system against water and snow etc.

7. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1-6, wherein the cover layer may have an inclination of 2.5°.

8. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1-7, wherein the sides of the individual containers are insulated from the inside and constructed using insulation, barrier layer and e.g. plasterboard, OSB or Fermacell.

9. The re-erectable residential flat system according to claims 1-8, wherein the adjoining side walls of two adjacent containers may be cut through so as to form a passage from a first container to a second container.

10. The re-erectable residential flat system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end parts in the containers are provided with windows or doorways or combinations thereof.