BE1019951A3 - HEAT-INSULATING COMPONENTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Statically resilient, heat-insulating prefabricated component, in particular in the form of prefabricated wall elements, made of natural fiber concrete, with the static function being essentially achieved by an internal reinforced concrete structure embedded in the natural fiber concrete.

Description

HEAT-INSULATING COMPONENTS

Technical area

The present invention relates generally to heat-insulating prefabricated components, .insbesondere wall elements.

State of the art

Components, mainly for the production of building walls, which partially consist of mineral-bonded natural fibers are known.

On the market systems use z. B. Casing stones from wood chip concrete with wall thicknesses of 3 - 6 cm which put together an inner hollow wall, which is concreted on site on the construction site. The concrete takes on the static function in the resulting building wall and the wood chip concrete serves as a "lost formwork" and as a "plaster base", and to a lesser extent for thermal insulation. The result is a component with a very high proportion of concrete and a very low proportion of natural fibers with a low vapor diffusion passage and very low thermal insulation value.

Furthermore, there are components as "sandwich elements" which consist of a layer of natural fiber concrete for thermal insulation on the outside and a layer of reinforced concrete as a supporting structure on the inside.

These components are manufactured as large-sized finished parts in the factory and mounted on the site. These components are less diffusible and have a low thermal insulation value.

In addition, there are components which consist of a layer of natural fibers and an internal truss frame made of wood. In this construction, the truss frame assumes the static function and the natural fiber concrete the thermal insulation. These components are also manufactured as large-sized finished parts in the factory and bolted to the site.

These components have in contrast to the previously shown systems good thermal insulation and high vapor diffusion capacity. However, due to the timber truss frame conditional screwing the

Components only to a small extent static load transfer through these connections.

As a result, higher buildings with more than 2 floors only partially possible with great effort. Also, in general, the swelling and shrinkage behavior of the wooden frame is a fundamental problem that must be considered. In addition, the production and processing of the timber truss frame in the precast plant are very complex and therefore cost-intensive.

Object of the invention

An object of the present invention is therefore the construction of a component which does not have at least some of the mentioned disadvantages and in principle the advantages of high diffusibility and very good thermal insulation, at the same time good static properties and a simple and inexpensive handling in the manufacture and Assembly united.

This object is achieved by a component according to claim 1.

General description of the invention

Accordingly, the invention relates to a statically resilient heat-insulating prefabricated component, in particular in the form of prefabricated wall elements, with the highest possible, ecologically meaningful proportion of natural fiber concrete, as well as an internal, already integrated in natural fiber concrete reinforced concrete structure, the static function essentially by this internal, achieved in the natural fiber reinforced / integrated reinforced concrete structure is achieved. Accordingly, such a prefabricated component already integrally integrates both main functions of a load-bearing component, i. the separation function between rooms or zones, as well as the absorption of forces and loads.

The advantages of such a prefabricated component are therefore an increased static load capacity with relatively low weight, high heat and sound insulation compared to components with similar static load capacity, high intrinsic stability, ease of use in construction, and the simple and inexpensive Production and the high proportion of renewable raw materials.

In contrast to a timber truss frame, the component of the invention can be completely and easily prefabricated in the factory. Furthermore, the possible overall height (number and height of the storeys) is substantially increased by the reinforced concrete structure without additional structural measures.

In addition to the very good thermal and sound insulation properties, the components have a high storage moisture and allow an advantageous humidity regulation of the indoor air. Through the use of renewable raw materials, ecological, with the simplest means everywhere manufactured components that enable a healthy living. Furthermore, an inventive component can be easily plastered and is drillable and nailable.

The embedded structure thus forms in principle a completely internal truss, which may consist of various elements. Thus, the structure includes one or more supports per component or component, wherein the support (s) may optionally be connected by means of one or more perpendicular to the or the supports extending straps / can. If required or desired, transverse struts connected to the supports and / or straps may also be provided. Another advantage of the invention is that this is not necessary due to the high intrinsic stability of the components in general.

The shape of the cross section of the supports, as well as any existing straps and / or struts is in principle not critical insofar as this satisfies the desired statics. However, due to manufacturing technology, they advantageously have a substantially quadrangular or round cross-section.

The structural elements, i. the supports, as well as possibly straps and / or struts, may be substantially flat, preferably smooth or profiled on their outer surface, as required. Such a longitudinal, transverse and / or perpendicular to the structural element extending profiling may relate to the whole surface or only parts or sections thereof. The profiling thereby improves, if necessary, the anchoring of the structure in the component, i. the physical connection with the natural fiber concrete. Furthermore, the structural elements (supports, straps and / or struts) may have a substantially round cross-section and be provided on the surface with a thread-shaped outer profile.

For the purposes of the invention, natural fiber concrete is understood to mean a building material with a vegetable aggregate, a hydraulic binder, preferably cement, e.g. Portland cement, and if desired, other ingredients, wherein the vegetable supplement is preferably present in the form of defined comminuted particles.

As a herbal supplement or raw material are advantageously woods, plants or parts of plants, as well as roots, stems, fruits, fruit stands, leaves or needles, and parts thereof, or parts of plants, which are used as residues from industrial recycling or food production (eg panicles, fibers, shells, seeds, etc.), preferably from cultivation or on-site resources. It has proven to be advantageous for certain applications in which it depends on a higher mechanical strength of the building material, when the vegetable renewable resource has hard fibers. For example, miscanthus, hemp shives, hemp fibers, softwood, hardwood, straw, switchgrass, reed, bamboo or similar plants may be used individually or in various combinations.

The vegetable raw materials are defined before their use comminuted. The defined comminution is to be understood as purpose-oriented and is dependent on the type of raw material used, the desired properties of the building material and the requirements of the components to be produced. The comminuted particles can be advantageously used e.g. Dimensions of up to 40 mm, preferably 1 to 35 mm, have length or be formed as granules with a diameter of up to 10 mm, preferably 1 to 9 mm.

To improve the processability or to change mechanical or physical properties, the natural fiber concrete may also contain other, e.g. mineral aggregates such as sand, expanded clay or pumice granules, swale, gravel, etc. are introduced.

Suitable natural fiber ketones have densities of 260 to 1400 kg / m3, preferably 300 to 600 kg / m3.

Of course, the dimensions of the prefabricated components depend primarily on their use and purpose. For wall elements, the thickness is usually between 10 and 50 cm, preferably between 15 and 45 cm, wöbe outer walls usually have strengths in the upper area due to increased requirements for thermal insulation, or static.

As already described above, it is according to the invention to eir internal support structure made of reinforced concrete embedded in a natural fiber concrete The natural fiber fulfills both a heat and sound insulating function paired with a high diffusibility, whereas the Tragwerl · essentially plays the static role , Depending on the importance of the individual properties, it is therefore possible to vary the individual parameters such as the thickness of the component, the cross section and the number of structural elements and their position within the component in specific areas. It should be noted in principle only that the cross-section of the internal structure (d) is of course smaller than the total thickness of the component (D), where in general 0.1 D <d <0.9D. Due to the heat-insulating function of the components, as well as their inherent stability, the structure is in any case covered with a sufficiently thick layer of natural fiber concrete zi, i. in practice generally at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 4 cm. In addition, the layer thickness of the natural fiber concrete may be larger on one side (e.g., outside in the case of exterior wall elements) than on the other side. For specific «applications or to subelements, e.g. at corners or junction! the natural fiber concrete layer can also be completely missing on one or both sides, to whom by further structural measures (connection, insulation, etc.) the technical characteristics of the component are guaranteed.

Although the components by design have good Dämmeigenschaftei, of course, if desired, an additional sound and / or thermal insulation are attached. Other coatings, plasters, etc. can also be applied, whether in the factory or after construction.

As a further advantage of the invention, openings and apertures, e.g. for windows and doors, to be provided right in the factory, including (internal) camber, etc. Also, teaching tubes and pipes could be at least partially already provided in the factory. On the other hand, an advantage of the components according to the invention is that while they have a high intrinsic stability, they can be processed and processed relatively easily, e.g. for retrofitting pipes and pipes.

The structure is, as already mentioned, made of reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete is a composite of the components concrete and reinforcing steel. A composite of these components is created by bonding with cement and the ribbing of reinforcing steel. The dimensioning of the structure, as well as the quality of the reinforced concrete used depend on the purpose and desired properties of the finished component. Suitable e.g. for external walls, depending on the static calculations, supports of concrete, e.g. the strength class F, * C 30/37.

Preferably, a led out of the structure reinforcement serve the component to the floor and / or ceiling, ring beams, or the like. to fix, but also to transport or set up on the construction.

Since the components described here are assembled on site as individual elements and on the other hand, the insulating properties should be ensured at the joints, the components are designed in a preferred embodiment at these junctions such that they have complementary partial cross-sections, e.g. Tongue and groove, or similar

Brief description of the figures

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures. These show:

Fig. 1: finished part support for use in a prefabricated component.

Fig. 2: Top view of several wall sections, wherein Fig. 2 a) a corner portion of two components 10, Fig. 2 b) represent a normal wall longitudinal joint of two components and Fig. 2 c) the impact of an outer wall member 10 with an inner wall.

Fig. 3: Top view of several wall sections similar to Fig. 2, but with additional external insulation as a thermal insulation composite system.

Fig. 4: section of a house wall produced by means of components according to the invention.

Further details and advantages of the invention can be taken from the following detailed description of possible embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying figures.

Description of several embodiments of the invention

The reference numerals indicated in the further description refer to the features shown in the figures, to illustrate the invention.

The components 10 can be produced by any method. In a first variant for the production of components according to the invention, switching tables are set up in the precast plant according to the detailed design and / or the design drawings of the components to be manufactured.

In the formwork, a layer of natural fiber concrete is first introduced. The thickness of this layer depends on the wall thickness and structure of the component to be produced. With a 24 cm thick outer wall, the layer thickness is about 6 cm uncompressed.

On this layer of natural fiber concrete are then inserted according to statics, the reinforced precast columns in the formwork. Such a support can e.g. as the finished part support 11 shown in Fig. 1 be executed with a quadrangular cross-section. The precast support 11 is made of reinforced concrete, i. made of concrete 12 with a reinforcement 13 made of steel. At the head ends 18 of the support 11, the reinforcement 13 is preferably led out of the support e.g. in the form of loose ends 15 or a loop 14, which can be protected during manufacture by a displacement body 16. Alternatively or additionally, threads for screwing in a crane eye can be provided at one or both head ends 18. In addition, the support 11 preferably has profiles 17 at least at portions of its surface.

At the foot of the wall over the entire length of the component, a displacement body for later receiving the reinforced concrete sleeper (30,

Fig. 4) inserted. Now the intermediate spaces of the component, flush with the upper edge of the columns, are filled with natural fiber concrete. After the displacer inserted at the base of the wall is removed, a prefabricated reinforcing cage is mounted and fitted with concrete, e.g. the strength class FCk C 30/37 concreted. Now the entire formwork with natural fiber concrete is filled in accordance with the thickness of the component and pulled off smoothly.

With a roller selected according to the necessary compaction pressure (0.8 to 2.0 tons), the excessively installed natural fiber concrete is rolled flush into the formwork.

Depending on the ambient temperature, the component can be removed after about 8 - 12 hours from the formwork, and stored standing for final setting and subsequent drying. If drying out too quickly, the components must be moistened accordingly.

After completion of setting and extensive drying, the components are transported to the installation site.

The wall elements are aligned and fixed with a crane on the prepared floor slab or ceiling in Setzbetonbett with joint supports.

The connection of the components is carried out according to statics and design drawings by mounting of reinforcement and formwork with subsequent concreting, e.g. the supports 21 and 27, Fig. 2 and 3, on site.

Ceilings are preferably made as a filigree tile ceiling with locally mounted reinforcement and concrete, but alternatively as geschalte ceilings or wood beam ceilings. The ceiling edge formwork is supplied in one piece with the crown, depending on the requirement, or mounted separately.

The upper flange of the walls and the falls of the openings of the projectile are reinforced and concreted simultaneously with the ceiling.

Required ring beams of the projectiles can either prefabricated in the factory, or be concreted on site.

In a second variant, instead of the precast columns, displacement body inserted into the formwork, which are removed after manufacture and thus form a space for the support. This support can then be made by reinforcing the space already in the precast plant and concreting it.

In a third variant, the displacement body for the supports is a cylinder with a thread-shaped outer profile. This displacement body is turned out shortly after the production of the component and prefabricated reinforced concrete columns with the same shape can be screwed in their place.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show in principle similar wall sections of components 10 according to the invention, wherein in the variant of Fig. 3 substantially thinner components 10 are provided with an additional external insulation 23.

In Fig. 2 a) and 3 a) form two components 10 made of natural fiber concrete 22 with integrated supports 11 a corner joint around a corner post 21. This corner post 21 is preferably made of in-situ concrete and advantageously has a cross section on a mechanical connection between Components and corner support allows. In addition, one or more reinforcement loops 25 may be provided for better connection.

Fig. 2 b) and 3 b) show the connection of two components 10 in the case of a normal longitudinal joint with additional reinforcing loop 25th

In the case of a connection between the inner and outer walls, an inner wall component is preferably guided on impact with a partially integrated in-situ concrete support 27 and additionally connected by means of reinforcement loop 25. For better attachment of the partially integrated in-situ concrete support 27 within the component 10, one or more longitudinal bars 26 may be provided. The preparation of the support 27 takes place in situ concrete at the installation site.

Fig. 4 shows a section through a house wall, wherein prefabricated components 10 are made of natural fiber concrete 22 with integrated precast columns 11 for the ground floor by means of a layer of setting concrete 41 placed on the bottom plate 43 and with reinforcing bars (not shown, see 14 in Fig. 1st ) are connected to the upper flange of the ceiling edge.

The ceiling 42 is preferably made as a filigree plate ceiling 42b with on-site reinforcement and Aufbeton 42a, but alternatively as a switched ceiling or beamed ceiling with ring beams, the ceiling edge formwork supplied as required in one piece with the crown, or separately is mounted. The upper flange of the walls and the lintels of the openings of the projectile are reinforced and concreted simultaneously with the ceiling 42.

The construction of the wall in the upper floor takes place in principle analogous to that of the ground floor by means of setting concrete on the ceiling 42. Required ring beams 47 of the floors can be prefabricated either in the factory, or be concreted on site.

Claims (11)

1. Static load-bearing thermally insulating prefabricated component, in particular in the form of prefabricated wall elements, made of natural fiber concrete and an internal, integrated in natural fiber concrete reinforced concrete structure, the static function is achieved essentially by the integrated in natural fiber reinforced concrete structure. 2. prefabricated component according to claim 1, wherein the reinforced concrete structure includes one or more supports, and optionally one or more perpendicular to the one or more supports and associated straps. 3. Prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the support (s), and if present the / the belt (s), have a substantially quadrangular or round cross-section. 4. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforced concrete support (s) are not profiled on its surface. 5. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforced concrete support (s) are profiled at least in sections on its surface. 6. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the reinforced concrete support in) has a circular cross section, or have and whose surface is provided with a thread-shaped outer profile. 7. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cross section of the inner structure (d) to the total thickness of the component (D) is selected such that 0.1D <d <0.9D. 8. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thickness of the component between 10 and 50 cm, preferably between 15 and 45 cm. 9. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the natural fiber concrete one or more of the following plant constituents: Miscanthus, hemp shives, hemp fibers, softwood, hardwood, straw, switch grass, reed reeds or bamboo contains. 10. prefabricated component according to claim 9, wherein the natural fiber reinforced concrete in addition mineral aggregates, such as sand, expanded clay or pumice, expanded swarf, gravel, etc., or mixtures thereof. 11. prefabricated component according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the natural fiber concrete has a density of 260 to 1400 kg / m3, preferably 300 to 600 kg / m3.