DE102017211092A1 - Tower and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tower and a method for producing a tower, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, wherein a wall (34) of the tower at least partially assembled from precast concrete parts (24), wherein the precast concrete elements via a prestressing system with tension strands or tendons in one The precast concrete elements are braced and / or positively connected with each other, wherein a precast concrete part has a reinforcement (25), wherein the precast concrete part has a support portion (35) and a filling area (31), wherein in the filling area in the Precast concrete a packing (30) is arranged, which forms a filling space (36).

Description

The invention relates to a tower and a method for producing a tower, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, wherein a wall of the tower is at least partially assembled from precast concrete parts, wherein the precast concrete elements are clamped via a prestressing system with tension strands or tendons in a longitudinal direction of the tower, wherein the precast concrete parts are non-positively and / or positively connected with each other, wherein a precast concrete element has a reinforcement.

Towers for wind energy plants are known from the prior art and regularly comprise a concrete foundation on which a plurality of tower segments are arranged and connected to each other. The tower segments may be formed as rings or ring segments or plate-shaped precast concrete elements, and transported prefabricated to a construction site and connected there. Furthermore, it is known to clamp these precast concrete parts via tension strands within the tower with each other. In principle, however, towers can also be completely or partially made of in-situ concrete.

The precast concrete parts used to construct a tower can be plate-shaped or tubular. Dimensions and a mass of the precast concrete parts in question are of great importance, as they have to be transported to a construction site, which can also be in a rough, difficult to reach terrain, and lifted by crane to a height of up to, for example, 170 m. Plate-shaped precast concrete parts are easy to transport due to their dimensions and their weight and can be used, for example, to create a tower with a polygonal cross-section. Alone through the use of plate-shaped precast concrete costs can already be saved in the construction of a tower for a wind turbine.

The plate-shaped precast concrete elements are regularly produced so that in a formwork, a reinforcement, for example, a reinforcement mesh of mild steel, inserted and the formwork is poured with concrete. In order to achieve the lowest possible weight of the respective precast concrete element, an attempt is made to form the precast concrete so that in places with low static load on concrete precast concrete is saved, for example, that in a center of a plate-shaped precast concrete wall thickness compared to the outer edges of the precast concrete part is significantly reduced. This can be done by a negative mold of the formwork is formed accordingly or, in a horizontal formwork panel, inserts are provided which can displace the concrete when pouring into the formwork accordingly. If necessary, it is also necessary to adapt a reinforcement to the wall thickness reduced in this area. Prefabricated concrete parts designed in this way are then arranged on the tower in such a way that a depression formed by the formwork is arranged on a tower inner surface of the precast concrete element. Accordingly, these precast concrete elements have a spike on the tower inner surface, based on a cross section. To avoid edges that could promote, for example, cracking, a steady transition, for example in the manner of a slope, between different wall thicknesses of the precast concrete part can be formed, but this again increases a weight of the precast concrete part again.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to propose a tower and a method for producing a tower, which enables a simple and cost-effective production of a tower.

This object is achieved by a tower having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 12.

In the tower according to the invention, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, a wall of the tower is at least partially assembled from precast concrete parts, the precast concrete parts are clamped via a prestressing system with tension strands or tendons in a longitudinal direction of the tower, the precast concrete parts positively and / or positively with each other wherein a precast concrete part has a reinforcement, wherein the precast concrete part has a support area and a filling area, wherein in the filling area in the precast concrete part, a filling body is arranged, which forms a filling space.

The tower is therefore composed of a variety of precast concrete elements that form an outer wall of the tower. One or more, preferably all, of these precast concrete parts is formed with the support area and the filling area. The support area essentially serves to ensure a static strength of the precast concrete part, and in principle a wall thickness or wall thickness of the precast concrete part can be reduced in the filling area due to the comparatively low required static strength. Instead of reducing a wall thickness, however, it is provided to arrange one or a plurality of packings within the wall of the precast concrete part. The filler bodies have a comparatively many times over concrete reduced density or are significantly lighter than concrete. By arranging the filler or within the wall of the precast concrete part, a closed filling space can be formed in the precast concrete part.

As a result, it is no longer necessary to reduce a wall thickness of the precast concrete part in order to achieve a weight saving. The weight saving on the precast concrete part results solely from the fact that the or the filler displace concrete when poured into a formwork. In contrast to the formwork known from the prior art, however, the filler remains within the precast concrete part, so that a thickness of the wall can be formed substantially uniform. A special design of a formwork is then no longer necessary. Also, then a reinforcement that is regularly arranged in the edge region of a wall of a precast concrete part, no longer be adapted to a reduced wall thickness, which further simplifies production of precast concrete. The fact that the wall thickness of the precast concrete part is not reduced, the precast concrete element can be formed with an increased resistance moment. So it is also possible to further reduce a proportion of concrete within the filling area. Overall, then results by the simplified production and the possible weight reduction of precast concrete parts a simplified and cheaper production of a tower.

The filler may be a hollow body or a solid body made of a material with a much lower compared to concrete density. The hollow body may be a gas-filled body. The solid body may for example consist of a foamed plastic material or another comparatively light material such as wood or a recycled material. Also, the massive body of a building material usual for building, such as aerated concrete, exist. An adaptation of the or the filler to the respective filling area is possible by a simple processing of the solid body.

The hollow body may be cylindrical or spherical, or a longitudinally arranged arranged at its ends closed tubular profile or square profile, preferably made of a plastic material, be. Due to the arrangement of the hollow body in the longitudinal direction of the precast concrete element or the tower adaptation to a static load can be easily achieved. In principle, the hollow body can have any desired shape. The hollow body is particularly easy to train if pipes made of plastic or other simple and inexpensive available profile body can be used. Here then only only open ends of the relevant profiles must be closed with, for example, a cover.

In the filling region, a plurality of packing can be arranged, wherein the support portion may be free of packing, wherein the packing can be completely surrounded by concrete of the precast concrete part. The support area is then particularly stable in terms of static strength and the filling area particularly easy to train. The packing can be arranged regularly or irregularly. If, for example, the fillers are tubes, they may be arranged in bundles or at a distance relative to one another within the precast concrete part. If the fillers are completely surrounded by the concrete, the filler is no longer visible on the precast concrete part.

Advantageously, the filling area can surround the support area like a frame. The precast concrete part can thus be comparatively more stable in its edge regions, that is to say be formed with a higher strength.

The reinforcement may be formed of a reinforcing grid made of structural steel, wherein the reinforcement may be arranged unstressed in the precast concrete part. Structural steel is understood to mean reinforcing steel (in accordance with DIN 488), which is used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete. The fact that no bracing of the reinforcement is required and the reinforcement grid must be inserted only in the formwork, the precast concrete element is easy to manufacture.

The prefabricated concrete part may have over its entire length in the longitudinal direction of the tower a non-interchangeable, preferably equal-thickness cross-section. The cross section may then be constant with respect to the length except for connecting portions integrally formed on the outer edges or engaging teeth. Optionally, a continuous change of the cross section in the longitudinal direction may be provided, in which case no jump of the cross section occurs here as well. A special design of a formwork is then no longer necessary, which is why a production of precast concrete is then simplified.

The tower may be circular or polygonal, preferably hexagonal or octagonal, based on a cross section of the tower. With a circular cross-section, the precast concrete part may be formed in the manner of a concrete ring or ring segment. In a polygonal cross-section of the tower, the precast concrete part may also be polygonal, preferably plate-shaped.

If the precast concrete elements are plate-shaped, they can each have an engagement toothing on longitudinal sides, wherein the engagement toothings of adjacent precast concrete parts can interlock. Due to the design of the meshing gears on the longitudinal sides, it is possible to connect the precast concrete parts on the longitudinal sides in a form-fitting manner. Laterally adjacent precast concrete parts can then be arranged offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the tower, whereby a particularly good form-locking connection of all precast concrete parts can be formed with each other. The meshing teeth can always be designed to match each other. A complementary, non-positive connection of the precast concrete parts with each other, for example by means of screw anchor or the like, can be provided.

The tower can be completely composed of precast concrete elements. Consequently, the tower then consists entirely of the precast concrete parts and, if necessary, attachments for mounting a nacelle of a wind turbine.

Alternatively, the tower may comprise a tower section composed of the precast concrete elements and having an upper tower section formed of steel elements or a truss of steel profiles. In addition to the complete production of the tower of precast concrete, the tower can therefore be designed as a so-called hybrid tower. Depending on the market price of the building materials and depending on local assembly costs, hybrid towers can be cheaper to produce than concrete or steel towers. The upper tower section can be formed from annular prefabricated steel parts, which are screwed together, or from a truss-like steel framework.

The concrete tower or the hybrid tower, for example, have a hub height of 50 m to 300 m, 100 m to 200 m, or 120 m to 170 m.

In the inventive method for producing a tower, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, a wall of the tower is at least partially assembled from precast concrete, the precast concrete parts are clamped via a prestressing system with tension strands or tendons in a longitudinal direction of the tower, the precast concrete parts and non-positively / or form-fitting connected to each other, wherein a precast concrete part is formed with a reinforcement, wherein the precast concrete part is formed with a support portion and a filling area, wherein in the filling area at a pouring a shuttering of precast concrete with concrete in the formwork a packing is arranged, the forms a filling space in the precast concrete part.

In contrast to the known from the prior art manufacturing of such precast concrete parts for towers of wind turbines is here arranged in the formwork of precast concrete filler so that the filler forms the filling space in the precast concrete by its arrangement. That is, the filler remains within the precast concrete part, so that the precast concrete part in the filling area can be made easier and at the same time easier. With regard to the advantageous effects of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the description of advantages of the device according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the method, the formwork may have a horizontal formwork panel, which may form a tower outer surface or a tower inner surface of the precast concrete part. So it is then possible to produce simply plate-shaped precast concrete by means of the horizontal formwork panel.

To form the precast concrete part, the reinforcement can be used within the formwork, wherein the formwork can be partially filled with concrete, wherein at least one layer can be formed, can be arranged and fixed on an upper side of the layer packing, wherein subsequently the formwork completely with Concrete can be poured out. Accordingly, a layer of concrete can be poured into the formwork or onto a horizontal formwork panel, wherein after at least partial solidification of the layer, a reinforcing grid can be placed thereon. The layer may be up to 4 cm thick, for example, so that the reinforcing grid is spaced from a tower outer surface or tower inner surface of the precast concrete part. Next, a layer of packing can be placed and fixed on the reinforcing grid. This can already be done by fixing the packing to the reinforcing grid. Finally, the formwork is completely filled with concrete.

Before complete pouring with concrete, a further reinforcement inside the formwork can be used above the packing. This means that the packing can be covered with another reinforcement grid. The packing can then be easily secured against floating in the final cast concrete by a section-wise connection of the respective reinforcing grid. As a result, the reinforcing grids will then hold the packing between them. So it is also possible to prepare so fixed with reinforcing mesh filler and simply hang up on the layer of concrete in the formwork. In the final pouring with concrete, the packing or the additional reinforcing grid can be covered with up to 4 cm of concrete. A thickness of a wall or wall thickness of the precast concrete part can then be up to 30 cm. It can also be provided to cast the formwork once, that is, in one step, with concrete.

Alternatively, the formwork may have two parallel, vertical shuttering panels, which may form a tower outer surface and a tower inner surface of the precast concrete part. In this case, it can be provided to cast the formwork once, that is, in one step, with concrete.

To form the precast concrete part within the formwork, the reinforcement can be used in this, wherein the reinforcement can be formed from at least two parallel spaced reinforcing bars, wherein between the reinforcing meshes packing can be arranged and fixed, wherein subsequently the formwork can be completely filled with concrete.

If a mounting of the precast concrete parts takes place in situ, the tower can be made particularly simple.

Further advantageous embodiments of the method will become apparent from the dependent on the device claim 1 claims.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1: Betonfertigteile in einer Seitenansicht;
• 2: eine Querschnittsansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils;
• 3: eine Querschnittsansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils;
• 4: eine Querschnittsansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils;
• 5: eine Querschnittsansicht einer vierten Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils;
• 6: eine Längsschnittansicht einer fünften Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils;
• 7: eine Längsschnittansicht einer sechsten Ausführungsform eines Betonfertigteils.

Show it:

• 1 : Precast concrete elements in a side view;
• 2 a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a precast concrete part;
• 3 a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a precast concrete part;
• 4 a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a precast concrete part;
• 5 a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a precast concrete part;
• 6 a longitudinal sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a precast concrete part;
• 7 a longitudinal sectional view of a sixth embodiment of a precast concrete part.

The 1 shows precast concrete parts 10 and 11 a tower not shown here in a side view. The precast concrete parts 10 and 11 are with their longitudinal axis 12 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tower and thus form a wall 13 from the tower. The precast concrete parts 10 and 11 are clamped in the longitudinal direction of the tower via a biasing system inside the tower, which is not shown here. Each of the precast concrete parts 10 and 11 has a support area 14 respectively 15 and a filling area 16 respectively 17 on. The precast concrete parts 10 and 11 show in the filling area 16 respectively 17 in each case not shown here filler body, which are surrounded by concrete. The precast concrete parts 10 and 11 are each plate-shaped and have longitudinal sides 18 respectively 19 an engagement toothing 20 respectively 21 on, which are formed in accordance with adjacent, not shown here precast concrete parts of the tower. The meshing teeth 20 is here as a cam 22 and the meshing teeth 21 as a recess 23 educated. Except for the meshing gears 20 and 21 are the precast concrete parts 10 respectively 11 over its entire length in the longitudinal direction of the tower jump-free, with a same thickness, not shown cross-section formed. Also show the precast concrete parts 10 and 11 each one here also not shown reinforcement.

The 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a precast concrete part 24 a tower, not shown here with a reinforcement 25 from reinforcing grid 26 and 27 , The reinforcement grid 26 and 27 consist of structural steel and are a few centimeters away from a tower outer surface 28 and a tower surface 29 of precast concrete 24 arranged within this. In between the reinforcing bars 26 and 27 is a filler 30 arranged, which has a filling area 31 of precast concrete 24 formed. On long sides 32 of precast concrete 24 is in each case an engagement toothing 33 designed for connection to an adjacent, not shown here precast concrete. A wall 32 of precast concrete 24 is always uniformly thick. On the long sides 32 is the filling area 31 from a support area 35 surrounded, which is essentially a static load, which is on the precast concrete part 24 acts, absorbs. The filler 30 thus forms a filling space 36 which is surrounded by concrete on all sides.

The 3 shows a precast concrete part 37 without the detailed representation of a reinforcement, which in contrast to the precast concrete part 2 a variety of packing 38 in the filling area 31 having. The packing 38 are each made of a square profile 39 formed with closed, not shown here ends. The hollow trained square profiles 39 are spaced at regular intervals so that the square profiles 39 completely surrounded by concrete.

The 4 shows a variant of a precast concrete part 40 with in contrast to the precast concrete part 3 tubular packing 41 , The tubular packing 41 are here in rows 42 to three fillers each 41 arranged, with the rows 42 spaced apart from each other.

The 5 shows a precast concrete part 43 , which in contrast to the precast concrete part 4 pipes 44 , the packing 45 training, has. The pipe profiles 44 have a comparatively large diameter and are equally spaced from each other.

The 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a filling area 46 a precast concrete section shown here only in sections 47 , In the filling area 46 are spherical fillers 48 arranged.

The 7 shows in contrast to the precast concrete part 6 a precast concrete part 49 with tubular packing 50 ,

Claims (17)

Tower, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, wherein a wall (13, 34) of the tower at least partially assembled from precast concrete parts (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49), wherein the precast concrete parts via a biasing system with Tension strands or tendons are clamped in a longitudinal direction of the tower, the precast concrete parts are non-positively and / or positively connected with each other, wherein a precast concrete part has a reinforcement (25), characterized in that the precast concrete part a support area (14, 15, 35) and a Filling area (16, 17, 31), wherein in the filling area in the precast concrete part, a filling body (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) is arranged, which forms a filling space (36). Tower after Claim 1 , characterized in that the filling body (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) is a hollow body or a solid body made of a material with a much lower density compared to concrete. Tower after Claim 2 , characterized in that the holkörper is a cylindrical or spherical, or extending in the longitudinal direction arranged at its ends closed tubular profile (44) or square profile (39), preferably made of a plastic material, is. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the filling region (16, 17, 31) a plurality of packing elements (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) is arranged, wherein the support region (14, 15, 35 ) is free of packing, wherein the packing is completely surrounded by concrete of the precast concrete part (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49). Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling region (16, 17, 31) surrounds the support region (14, 15, 35) like a frame. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (25) consists of a reinforcing grid (26, 27) of structural steel, the reinforcement being unstressed in the precast concrete element (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47 , 49) is arranged. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precast concrete part (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49) over its entire length in the longitudinal direction of the tower has a jump-free, preferably the same thickness cross-section. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower is based on a cross section of the tower circular or polygonal, preferably hexagonal or octagonal, is formed. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precast concrete parts (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49) are plate-shaped and each on longitudinal sides (18, 19, 32) has an engagement toothing (20, 21 , 33), wherein the engagement teeth of adjacent precast concrete elements interlock. Tower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower is completely composed of the precast concrete elements (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49). Tower after one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the tower has a tower portion composed of the precast concrete members (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49) and has an upper tower portion formed of steel members or a truss of steel profiles is. A method for producing a tower, in particular for a wind turbine or the like, wherein a wall (13, 34) of the tower at least partially assembled from precast concrete parts (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49), wherein the precast concrete parts be clamped by a prestressing system with tension strands or tendons in a longitudinal direction of the tower, wherein the precast concrete parts are non-positively and / or positively connected to each other, wherein a precast concrete part is formed with a reinforcement (25), characterized in that the precast concrete part with a support region (14, 15, 35) and a filling region (16, 17, 31) is formed, wherein in the filling region in a pouring a formwork of precast concrete with concrete in the formwork, a filler (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) is arranged, which forms a filling space (36) in the precast concrete part. Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the formwork has a horizontal formwork panel forming a tower outer surface (28) or a tower inner surface (29) of the precast concrete part (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49). Method according to Claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that for the formation of the precast concrete part (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49) within the formwork, the reinforcement (25) is used, wherein the formwork is partially poured with concrete, wherein at least one layer is formed, wherein on an upper side of the layer of filler (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) are arranged and fixed, wherein subsequently the formwork is completely filled with concrete. Method according to Claim 14 , characterized in that before the complete pouring with concrete above the packing (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50), a further reinforcement (25) is inserted within the formwork. Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the formwork comprises two parallel vertical shuttering panels forming a tower outer surface (28) and a tower inner surface (29) of the precast concrete element (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49). Method according to Claim 13 or 16 , characterized in that for the formation of the precast concrete part (10, 11, 24, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49) within the formwork, the reinforcement (25) is used, wherein the reinforcement of at least two parallel spaced reinforcing gratings (26, 27 ) is formed, wherein between the reinforcing bars filler (30, 38, 41, 45, 48, 50) are arranged and fixed, wherein subsequently the formwork is completely filled with concrete.

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