EP0099090B1 - Method of erecting a concrete cover shaped as a dome, cone or pyramid for high and low rise structures - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the erection of a dome, cone or pyramid-shaped cover made of concrete for buildings and civil engineering, in particular for container-like structures, annular sections being produced successively starting from the upper edge of the surrounding wall of the building.

Dome roofs in particular are used because of their favorable static properties as support-free covers, particularly for round containers.

Dome roofs can also be made from individual ring sections, these ring sections being made from different materials. In any case, with these dome roofs made in antiquity, the entire dome had to be fully encased.

Since the curvature and the puncture and in particular also the diameter of a dome vary very often, the standardization of formwork is problematic. Added to this is the fact that, due to the relatively small stitch height, self-supporting formwork can only be used to a limited extent according to known systems.

In the case of large-diameter domes in particular, it has therefore hitherto been necessary to shutter the entire dome in modern concrete buildings, and this requires an enormous amount of formwork and scaffolding material, particularly at great heights.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a method according to which such covers can be produced in an economical manner and with the least possible formwork and scaffolding material.

According to the invention, it is proposed that successive annular sections are produced with an annular covering and / or beam support formed in each case on the inner edge, radial supports of a formwork construction in the invention of the first annular section adjoining the peripheral wall on the one hand on the peripheral wall and on the other a support frame running parallel to the surrounding wall at a distance, and that when the further annular sections are erected, the radial supports are supported on the one hand with their inner ends against the support frame which is shifted towards the center of the structure according to the width of the section and on the other hand with their outer ends in Area of the edge-side cover and / or beam support of the hardened, annular portion of the cover can be hung.

By means of such a method, the required scaffolding material can be reduced to the area of an annular section of the cover. It is then possible, for example, to form and produce annular sections with a width of approximately 5 to 6 m, whereupon this formwork and scaffolding material can in turn be used for the next annular section. The required strength is achieved by the covering carrier produced in the ring-shaped sections on the inner edge of the ring-shaped sections, since this covering carrier takes over the static function of the not yet closed dome roof. After hardening and reaching the required strength, the corresponding ring section is switched off. The corresponding ends of the radial supports can therefore be attached to the relevant edge of the hardened annular section, so that the annular section which has already been created can practically be incorporated into the formwork support structure.

It is therefore not necessary to have support structures at these ends of the radial supports, which require enormous scaffolding material, particularly in the case of very tall buildings.

The process of erecting the annular sections is repeated until there is so much formwork material due to the ever smaller diameter that the entire remaining cover can be concreted at once.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are explained in more detail in the description below, in which a process sequence is described with the aid of the drawings.

• Fig 1 einen Querschnitt eines behälterartigen Baues mit einer kuppelförmigen Abdeckung;
• Fig. 2 ein Schnitt durch den Randbereich eines Baues mit den angedeuteten Schalungslementen;
• Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht entsprechend der Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 und 5 in einem Schnitt und in Draufsicht einen weiteren Verfahrensabschnitt und
• Fig. 6 und 7 nochmals einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt;
• Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen eine als verlorene Schalung einsetzbare Fertigbetonplatte in Draufsicht und in einem Längsschnitt;
• Fig. 10 einen Querschnitt durch einen Radialträger mit einem Schnitt durch die aufgebrachte Abdeckung.

It shows

• 1 shows a cross section of a container-like structure with a dome-shaped cover.
• 2 shows a section through the edge region of a building with the formwork elements indicated;
• Fig. 3 is a plan view corresponding to Fig. 2;
• 4 and 5 in a section and in plan view a further process section and
• 6 and 7 another process step;
• 8 and 9 show a precast concrete slab that can be used as lost formwork in a top view and in a longitudinal section;
• Fig. 10 shows a cross section through a radial support with a section through the applied cover.

The construction shown in FIG. 1 consists of a surrounding wall 1 and a dome-shaped cover 2. According to the method according to the invention, this cover 2 is now formed from individual annular sections A, B and C, which are successively switched on and cast. In order to achieve sufficient inherent strength for the individual ring-shaped sections A, B and C and thus to enable stripping, the corresponding sections in the exemplary embodiment shown are in each case on the inner upper edge of the ring-shaped sections A, B and C. annular coating carrier 3 cast. This takes over the static function of the not yet closed dome roof. There is now the possibility of providing an opening 4 in the center area of the dome roof 2 if this is necessary for any reason. Otherwise, the center area is closed in the last section of the process, so that no coating carriers 3 are then required in this center area. In the case of a closed dome-shaped cover 2, the required static conditions are also met for this covering carrier.

In a particularly favorable manner, the entire surfaces of such an annular section A, B and C are not shut off by formwork panels, but prefabricated concrete panels 5 (corresponding to FIGS. 8 and 9) serving as lost formwork can be used. These precast concrete slabs 5 are correspondingly conical, so that they can each bridge the space between the radial supports 6. This results in a further saving in formwork material. Depending on the curvature, these precast concrete slabs 5 can generally have a length of 50 to 150 cm and are designed with a width of approximately 40 to 80 cm. Correspondingly bent reinforcements are provided on the longitudinal edge area in order to achieve a mutual good connection. Reinforcing lattice girders can also be provided on the top.

To carry out the method according to the invention, a supporting scaffold and a working scaffold are required, which will be explained in more detail below using a process sequence.

By using a combination of precast concrete slabs - of course, precast slabs made of other materials can be used - and an empty scaffolding with slight structural changes to the dome shell, the required scaffolding material can be reduced to an area of an annular section of approx. 5 to 6 m wide.

At approximately 5 to 6 m from the circumferential wall 1, support towers 7 are set up in a ring. On this support towers 7 comes an annular support structure 8, which is a concentric circle to the container diameter. Radial supports 6 are placed on this support structure 8, which expediently can be adjusted in their curvature according to the curvature of the dome-like cover 2. The other ends of the radial carrier 6 lie directly on the peripheral wall 1 of the container-like structure. Then symmetrical prefabricated concrete slabs 5 are placed ring by ring in the sense of a pre-shaped but load-bearing formwork. In the area of the tangential joints, auxiliary beams can be provided, which are arranged between the radial beams 6 running approximately transversely to them. The arrangement of these subcarriers also seals the joints so that concrete cannot escape downwards through the joints.

As a result of these measures, these precast concrete slabs 5 also lie circumferentially closed on corresponding supports (radial supports 6 and auxiliary supports). The concrete 9 is now applied and compacted well. In the area above the ring-shaped support structure 8, that is to say on the inner, upwardly facing edge area of the section 8, an ring-shaped covering carrier 3 is produced, which must take over the static function of the dome-shaped cover 2 which has not yet been closed.

After curing and reaching the required strength, the first annular section A, which has now been produced, is stripped off. The support towers 7, since they can still be easily grasped by the crane, are implemented in one piece and again set up about 5 to 6 m towards the center of the container-like structure. The support structure 8, which is reduced in diameter and thus also in scope, is in turn assembled.

The radial supports 6, which are still held in position by the annular section A by small auxiliary hooks, are now also attached to a crane and pulled out of the support shoe on the surrounding wall 1 and then immediately placed further on the newly formed support structure 8 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) . The structural cover carrier is provided at certain intervals with vertically continuous openings for the passage of fastening means for the radial carrier 6. Of course, corresponding suspension devices can also be provided. The outer end of the radial carrier is suspended from this or by means of appropriate fastening means in the area of the pipe bushings. After all the radial supports 6 have been fixed, the laying of the precast concrete slabs 5 is repeated. Also in the next concreting section, the covering support 3 is again formed on the inner, upward-facing edge of the next annular section B.

This process of striking and then striking again is repeated until, due to the ever smaller diameter of the individual annular sections A, B, C, etc., there is so much formwork material that the entire remaining section of the cover 2 can be concreted at once . This applies in any case if a closed dome-shaped cover is to be created. If a central opening remains free, as is shown in the example according to FIG. 1, a corresponding covering beam 3 must also be concreted in for the last section C to be manufactured.

The precast concrete slabs are to be prefabricated on a simple horizontal void. However, they can also be ordered at precast plants at any time.

The expansion of the entire construction follows through a provided stripping opening in a conventional manner. A large-scale auxiliary scaffold for dismantling can be prevented if a light ladder scaffold is moved to the location of the formwork on concentrically arranged rails or on corresponding rollers. To assemble the ends of the radial support 6 facing away from the support structure 8, a work scaffold is provided which can be walked on or passed over at its upper edge, so that any position on the circumference of the container-like structure can be reached by moving a corresponding mobile pedestal.

In the area of the support structure 8, of course, lowering constructions are provided, so that a slight lowering can initially take place for a stripping process, thereby facilitating the stripping and thus the removal of the cross members or the ring supports of the support structure 8 and thus also the support towers 7. As can be seen from FIG. 10, webs 11 can be provided on the radial supports 6 in the central region thereof, in order to thereby achieve a stop of the precast concrete slabs 5 placed on each of the two radial supports 6. These plates can therefore not slip sideways, so that the risk of accidents is practically excluded.

A support which is curved in accordance with the provided dome curvature or a support which can be adjusted to the curvature and which can be adjusted in accordance with the desired curvatures can be used for the radial support 6.

Of course, there is also the possibility of providing any formwork panels instead of the precast concrete slabs 5, which would also result in a substantial saving in formwork material, although there is always special work involved in formworking and stripping. It is therefore more appropriate to use formwork panels that are lost here.

In the above description it was always spoken of a coating carrier which is arranged on the inner edge region of the respective annular sections. Of course, it is also possible to provide a corresponding concrete ring on the underside on the inner edge boundary of the annular sections in question, so that a girder beam would be created. This also enables the required static conditions to be met. It would also be conceivable to provide both a beam girder and a cover girder if this is expedient for structural reasons or for reasons of strength. Instead of the production of concrete and therefore instead of co-casting when producing the reed-shaped sections, corresponding steel beams, for. B. steel profile beams or hollow box steel profiles are provided, which take over the corresponding supporting function. With such an arrangement, it would also be conceivable that these can be dismantled, so that dismantling can take place after the dome-shaped cover has been completely closed, especially since these cover and / or beam supports are no longer required for structural reasons. Even with the arrangement of steel girders, of course, either only cover girders, only girder beams or both embodiments can be provided. When using such steel beams for the covering and / or beam beams, there is the possibility that they also run in a ring or slightly polygonal, so that these beams can be made from straight pieces.

The present invention has been described with reference to a cover for a round container. Of course, in addition to a dome-shaped design, these covers can also be conical or pyramid-shaped, which will also take place in each case in adaptation to the shape of the container-like structure. The building itself could therefore not only be circular, but also elliptical.

The method according to the invention thus considerably facilitates the erection of a dome, cone or pyramid-shaped cover made of concrete for buildings and civil engineering, the advantages achieved not only in the significantly reduced need for formwork and scaffolding material, but also in the significantly reduced workload for erecting the formwork, scaffolding and thus also for erecting such a cover.

Claims (9)

1. A method of erecting a domed, conical, or pyramidal covering of concrete for structures above or below ground, in particular for tank-like structures, consecutively annular sections being produced starting from the upper edge of the enclosing wall of the structure, characterized in that consecutively annular sections (A, B, C) are produced with an annular overlying and/or underlying support (3) formed at the inner edge in each case, and as the first annular section (A) next to the enclosing wall (1) is erected radial supports (6) of a shuttering structure are supported on one side on the enclosing wall (1) and on the other side on a support structure (7, 8) extending at a distance parallel to the enclosing wall (1), and as the further annular sections (B, C) are erected the radial supports (6) are supported on one side at their inner ends on the support structure (7, 8) displaced towards the centre of the structure in accordance with the width of the section (B, C) and are suspended on the other side at their outer ends in the region of the overlying and/or underlying support (3) - provided on the edge - of the set annular section (A, B or C) of the covering.

2. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that during the production of the overlying and/or underlying support (3) - provided on the edge - of the annular sections (A, B, C), openings extending approximately in a vertical direction are provided for the passage of fastening means for the radial supports (6).

3. A method according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized in that an overlying and/or underlying support (3) is integrally cast from concrete in one operration with the production of the respective annular section (A, B, C).

4. A method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a structural steel or box-type steel support, with where appropriate can be dismanted, is provided as the overlying and/or underlying support (3).

5. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that precast concrete plates (5), which where appropriate are curved in the direction of the radial support (6), are mounted on the radial support (6) as lost shuttering.

6. A method according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that radial supports (6), which are curved in the manner of a domed vault or can be adjusted to the curvature, are inserted on the bearing side.

7. A method according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that auxiliary supports extending between the radial suports (6) approximately transversely thereto are used in the region of the thrusts of the precast concrete plates (5) to be inserted.

8. A method according to Claim 1 and any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a working platform (10) adapted to be walked or travelled on is set up in the tank-like structure at the inner end of the annular section (A, B, C) to be encased in shuttering in each case.

9. A method according to Claim 1 and any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the precast concerte plates (5) are mounted on two radial supports (6) in each case while abutting against a web (11) projecting centrally on the top of the radial support (6).

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