AU2017269937B2 - Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure - Google Patents

Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
AU2017269937B2
AU2017269937B2 AU2017269937A AU2017269937A AU2017269937B2 AU 2017269937 B2 AU2017269937 B2 AU 2017269937B2 AU 2017269937 A AU2017269937 A AU 2017269937A AU 2017269937 A AU2017269937 A AU 2017269937A AU 2017269937 B2 AU2017269937 B2 AU 2017269937B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
avoided
instrument
vision
set forth
virtual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
AU2017269937A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
AU2017269937A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Roessler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mako Surgical Corp
Original Assignee
Mako Surgical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mako Surgical Corp filed Critical Mako Surgical Corp
Publication of AU2017269937A1 publication Critical patent/AU2017269937A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2017269937B2 publication Critical patent/AU2017269937B2/en
Priority to AU2022231780A priority Critical patent/AU2022231780B2/en
Priority to AU2025201248A priority patent/AU2025201248A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/0206—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors with antagonistic arms as supports for retractor elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
    • A61B17/1703—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30—Surgical robots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30—Surgical robots
    • A61B34/32—Surgical robots operating autonomously
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/76—Manipulators having means for providing feel, e.g. force or tactile feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/90—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Program controls
    • B25J9/1674—Program controls characterised by safety, monitoring, diagnostic
    • B25J9/1676—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Program controls
    • B25J9/1694—Program controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
    • B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/102—Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/105—Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/107—Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2048—Tracking techniques using an accelerometer or inertia sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2055—Optical tracking systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2055—Optical tracking systems
    • A61B2034/2057—Details of tracking cameras
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2059—Mechanical position encoders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2065—Tracking using image or pattern recognition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2068—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis using pointers, e.g. pointers having reference marks for determining coordinates of body points
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2068—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis using pointers, e.g. pointers having reference marks for determining coordinates of body points
    • A61B2034/207—Divots for calibration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2072—Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
    • A61B2090/3612—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras with images taken automatically

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
AU2017269937A 2016-05-23 2017-05-23 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure Active AU2017269937B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2022231780A AU2022231780B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2022-09-16 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
AU2025201248A AU2025201248A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2025-02-21 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662340176P 2016-05-23 2016-05-23
US62/340,176 2016-05-23
PCT/US2017/033962 WO2017205351A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2017-05-23 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2022231780A Division AU2022231780B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2022-09-16 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2017269937A1 AU2017269937A1 (en) 2018-12-06
AU2017269937B2 true AU2017269937B2 (en) 2022-06-16

Family

ID=59021578

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2017269937A Active AU2017269937B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2017-05-23 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
AU2022231780A Active AU2022231780B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2022-09-16 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
AU2025201248A Pending AU2025201248A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2025-02-21 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2022231780A Active AU2022231780B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2022-09-16 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
AU2025201248A Pending AU2025201248A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2025-02-21 Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (3) US10531926B2 (enExample)
EP (3) EP4732806A3 (enExample)
JP (2) JP7134872B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR102488295B1 (enExample)
CN (3) CN113616332B (enExample)
AU (3) AU2017269937B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA3025300A1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2017205351A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (136)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11253327B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2022-02-22 Globus Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for automatically changing an end-effector on a surgical robot
US11864839B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-01-09 Globus Medical Inc. Methods of adjusting a virtual implant and related surgical navigation systems
US10624710B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2020-04-21 Globus Medical, Inc. System and method for measuring depth of instrumentation
US11045267B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2021-06-29 Globus Medical, Inc. Surgical robotic automation with tracking markers
US11963755B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-04-23 Globus Medical Inc. Apparatus for recording probe movement
US12004905B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-06-11 Globus Medical, Inc. Medical imaging systems using robotic actuators and related methods
US11857266B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-01-02 Globus Medical, Inc. System for a surveillance marker in robotic-assisted surgery
US11974822B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-05-07 Globus Medical Inc. Method for a surveillance marker in robotic-assisted surgery
US11298196B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2022-04-12 Globus Medical Inc. Surgical robotic automation with tracking markers and controlled tool advancement
US11399900B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2022-08-02 Globus Medical, Inc. Robotic systems providing co-registration using natural fiducials and related methods
US11793570B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2023-10-24 Globus Medical Inc. Surgical robotic automation with tracking markers
US11317971B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2022-05-03 Globus Medical, Inc. Systems and methods related to robotic guidance in surgery
US11864745B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-01-09 Globus Medical, Inc. Surgical robotic system with retractor
US11896446B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-02-13 Globus Medical, Inc Surgical robotic automation with tracking markers
US10799298B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2020-10-13 Globus Medical Inc. Robotic fluoroscopic navigation
US11589771B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2023-02-28 Globus Medical Inc. Method for recording probe movement and determining an extent of matter removed
US11786324B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2023-10-17 Globus Medical, Inc. Surgical robotic automation with tracking markers
US11857149B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2024-01-02 Globus Medical, Inc. Surgical robotic systems with target trajectory deviation monitoring and related methods
WO2017028916A1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 Brainlab Ag Reference array holder
US10433921B2 (en) * 2015-12-28 2019-10-08 Mako Surgical Corp. Apparatus and methods for robot assisted bone treatment
EP3777749A3 (en) 2015-12-31 2021-07-21 Stryker Corporation System and method for preparing surgery on a patient at a target site defined by a virtual object
US11883217B2 (en) 2016-02-03 2024-01-30 Globus Medical, Inc. Portable medical imaging system and method
US11064904B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2021-07-20 Extremity Development Company, Llc Smart drill, jig, and method of orthopedic surgery
CA3025300A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 Mako Surgical Corp. Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
ES2899585T3 (es) 2016-07-15 2022-03-14 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Pluma para transporte de material
WO2018009981A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Brick/block laying machine incorporated in a vehicle
EP3375399B1 (en) 2016-10-05 2022-05-25 NuVasive, Inc. Surgical navigation system
AU2017378250B2 (en) * 2016-12-16 2023-09-28 Mako Surgical Corp. Techniques for detecting errors or loss of accuracy in a surgical robotic system
AU2018265160B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2023-11-16 Mako Surgical Corp. Robotic spine surgery system and methods
US11033341B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2021-06-15 Mako Surgical Corp. Robotic spine surgery system and methods
EP3649616B1 (en) 2017-07-05 2025-01-08 Fastbrick IP Pty Ltd Real time position and orientation tracker
US12011236B2 (en) * 2017-08-08 2024-06-18 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for rendering alerts in a display of a teleoperational system
AU2018317937B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2023-11-23 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Communication system for an interaction system
AU2018317941B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2023-11-09 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Laser tracker with improved roll angle measurement
WO2019040381A1 (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-02-28 RELIGN Corporation ARTHROSCOPY DEVICES AND METHODS
US11401115B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2022-08-02 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Machine for conveying objects and multi-bay carousel for use therewith
US11026751B2 (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-06-08 Cilag Gmbh International Display of alignment of staple cartridge to prior linear staple line
US11534242B2 (en) 2018-02-19 2022-12-27 Mako Surgical Corp. Surgical systems and methods for identifying tools guided by surgical robots
US12369986B2 (en) 2018-03-13 2025-07-29 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Methods of guiding manual movement of medical systems
JP7082090B2 (ja) * 2018-06-27 2022-06-07 グローバス メディカル インコーポレイティッド 仮想インプラントを調整する方法および関連する手術用ナビゲーションシステム
US12311546B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2025-05-27 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Active damping system
DE102019004235B4 (de) 2018-07-16 2024-01-18 Mako Surgical Corp. System und verfahren zur bildbasierten registrierung und kalibrierung
AU2019305681A1 (en) 2018-07-16 2021-02-04 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Backup tracking for an interaction system
JP6895128B2 (ja) * 2018-11-09 2021-06-30 オムロン株式会社 ロボット制御装置、シミュレーション方法、及びシミュレーションプログラム
US12544156B2 (en) * 2019-01-01 2026-02-10 Karl Storz Se & Co. Kg Determining relative robot base positions using computer vision
CN109549705B (zh) * 2019-01-21 2024-04-26 华科精准(北京)医疗科技有限公司 一种手术机器人系统及其使用方法
US10959716B2 (en) * 2019-02-11 2021-03-30 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Surgical retractor system and method
CN109758234B (zh) * 2019-02-15 2020-07-31 哈尔滨工业大学 用于微创手术移动腹腔镜自动控制系统及其控制方法
WO2020172397A1 (en) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-27 Extremity Development Company, Llc Instrument bourne optical time of flight kinematic position sensing system for precision targeting and methods of surgery
US12357406B2 (en) * 2019-03-20 2025-07-15 Covidien Lp Robotic surgical collision detection systems
EP3711699B1 (en) 2019-03-21 2024-01-03 Stryker European Operations Limited Technique for transferring a registration of image data of a surgical object from one surgical navigation system to another surgical navigation system
US11170526B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2021-11-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for estimating tool trajectories
FR3095331A1 (fr) * 2019-04-26 2020-10-30 Ganymed Robotics Procédé de chirurgie orthopédique assistée par ordinateur
CN111839619B (zh) * 2019-04-26 2024-04-02 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 手术牵开器和方法
US12446969B2 (en) * 2019-05-20 2025-10-21 Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai Robot mounted camera registration and tracking system for orthopedic and neurological surgery
AU2020280022B2 (en) * 2019-05-20 2022-08-11 Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai A system and method for interaction and definition of tool pathways for a robotic cutting tool
CN110251209B (zh) * 2019-05-24 2020-09-15 北京贝麦克斯科技有限公司 一种校正方法和装置
EP3975910A4 (en) 2019-05-30 2023-11-01 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Robot mounted camera registration and tracking system for orthopedic and neurological surgery
JP7337964B2 (ja) * 2019-06-18 2023-09-04 ニューヴェイジヴ,インコーポレイテッド 組織牽引システム
WO2021003401A1 (en) 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Stryker Corporation Obstacle avoidance techniques for surgical navigation
CN110533702B (zh) * 2019-08-12 2023-04-18 上海大学 一种基于光场多层折射模型的水下双目视觉立体匹配方法
US11612440B2 (en) 2019-09-05 2023-03-28 Nuvasive, Inc. Surgical instrument tracking devices and related methods
KR102361219B1 (ko) * 2019-09-09 2022-02-11 (주)미래컴퍼니 서브 블록 단위의 수술 데이터 획득 방법 및 그 장치
CA3155848A1 (en) 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 Stryker Corporation SURGICAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS
CA3156036A1 (en) 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 Stryker European Operations Limited TRACKING DEVICE FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
WO2021067438A1 (en) 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 Mako Surgical Corp. Systems and methods for guiding movement of a tool
WO2021084484A2 (en) 2019-10-29 2021-05-06 Stryker European Operations Limited Surgical navigation tracker, system, and method
EP4061238A1 (en) 2019-11-21 2022-09-28 Auris Health, Inc. Systems and methods for draping a surgical system
CN114727850A (zh) 2019-11-21 2022-07-08 奥瑞斯健康公司 用于覆盖外科系统的系统和方法
CN115279294B (zh) * 2020-01-13 2026-07-17 史赛克公司 在导航辅助手术期间监控偏移的系统
AU2021217221A1 (en) 2020-02-07 2022-07-28 Smith & Nephew Asia Pacific Pte. Limited Augmented reality ready optical tracking system
CN110956633B (zh) * 2020-02-26 2020-11-24 南京安科医疗科技有限公司 一种基于虚拟立体定位像的快速ct扫描方法及系统
EP4125683A1 (en) * 2020-03-23 2023-02-08 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for optimizing configurations of a computer-assisted surgical system for reachability of target objects
CN115443363A (zh) 2020-04-22 2022-12-06 快砖知识产权私人有限公司 块传送装置及用于与其一起使用的改进的夹紧组件
EP4138703A1 (en) * 2020-04-24 2023-03-01 Smith&Nephew, Inc. Optical tracking device with built-in structured light module
CN111388087B (zh) 2020-04-26 2026-01-02 深圳市鑫君特智能医疗器械有限公司 手术导航系统及执行手术导航方法的计算机与存储介质
CN111513849B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-04-19 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种用于穿刺的手术系统、控制方法及控制装置
US12089910B2 (en) * 2020-05-28 2024-09-17 The Chinese University Of Hong Kong Mobile-electromagnetic coil-based magnetic actuation systems
KR20230034296A (ko) 2020-06-11 2023-03-09 모노그램 올소패딕스 인크. 내비게이션 및/또는 로봇 추적 방법 및 시스템
US11107586B1 (en) 2020-06-24 2021-08-31 Cuptimize, Inc. System and method for analyzing acetabular cup position
US11969218B2 (en) 2020-07-05 2024-04-30 Asensus Surgical Us, Inc. Augmented reality surgery set-up for robotic surgical procedures
AU2021304545B2 (en) 2020-07-08 2025-12-04 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Adhesive application system
CN111906784B (zh) * 2020-07-23 2023-04-07 湖南爱米家智能科技有限公司 一种基于机器视觉引导的咽拭子双臂采样机器人及采样方法
US11931113B2 (en) * 2020-08-03 2024-03-19 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Systems, devices, and methods for retractor interference avoidance
US11737831B2 (en) * 2020-09-02 2023-08-29 Globus Medical Inc. Surgical object tracking template generation for computer assisted navigation during surgical procedure
CN112155733B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2022-01-28 苏州微创畅行机器人有限公司 可读存储介质、骨建模配准系统及骨科手术系统
JP7584123B2 (ja) * 2020-09-30 2024-11-15 国立大学法人東海国立大学機構 マニピュレーションシステムおよび三次元位置提示方法
EP3991694A1 (en) 2020-11-03 2022-05-04 MAKO Surgical Corp. Multi-component locking implant
CN112402013A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-26 胡颖 自动识别超声影像的智能导航系统、电子装置及储存介质
US12035979B2 (en) 2020-11-30 2024-07-16 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Autonomous robot tracking
US12611254B2 (en) 2020-12-31 2026-04-28 Depuy Ireland Unlimited Company Apparatus, system, and method for determining a position of a hip prosthesis in a bone of a patient
WO2022185292A1 (en) 2021-03-05 2022-09-09 Stryker European Operations Limited Systems and methods for associating components of a surgical instrument for navigation-assisted surgery
US12150728B2 (en) 2021-04-14 2024-11-26 Globus Medical, Inc. End effector for a surgical robot
CN113509268A (zh) * 2021-05-12 2021-10-19 上海交通大学 一种混合现实手术导航系统的标定装置及标定方法
CN113384347B (zh) * 2021-06-16 2022-07-08 瑞龙诺赋(上海)医疗科技有限公司 一种机器人标定方法、装置、设备及存储介质
US12213744B2 (en) 2021-07-15 2025-02-04 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Path planning based on work volume mapping
CN118411417A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2024-07-30 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 器械空间预测方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
WO2023018650A1 (en) 2021-08-10 2023-02-16 Mako Surgical Corp. Tracking apparatus for tracking a patient limb
US12193772B2 (en) 2021-09-13 2025-01-14 Asensus Surgical Us, Inc. Determining relative robot base positions using externally positioned imagers
DE102021126484A1 (de) 2021-10-13 2023-04-13 B. Braun New Ventures GmbH Kalibrierungsverfahren zur automatisierten Kalibrierung von Kamera zu medizinischem Roboter und chirurgisches Assistenzsystem
US12220195B2 (en) * 2021-10-13 2025-02-11 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Systems, methods, and devices for defining a path for a robotic arm
AU2022370478A1 (en) 2021-10-18 2024-05-02 Stryker European Operations Limited Attachment and system for tracking a surgical instrument
EP4169469B1 (en) * 2021-10-25 2026-07-29 Erbe Vision GmbH Laparoskopic camera arrangement and method for camera alignment error correction
CN114022612A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-08 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 模型构建方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
CN114378825B (zh) * 2022-01-21 2023-05-12 四川长虹智能制造技术有限公司 一种多相机视觉定位方法、系统及电子设备
CN114869479A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2022-08-09 朗森特科技有限公司 一种远程手术控制器械紧急制动装置及系统
CN116965937B (zh) * 2022-04-23 2026-07-28 深圳市精锋医疗科技股份有限公司 手术机器人系统及其控制装置
JP2025519165A (ja) 2022-05-26 2025-06-24 ストライカー・コーポレイション 位置特定認識に基づいて動作するアラートシステム
EP4531741A1 (en) 2022-06-03 2025-04-09 MAKO Surgical Corp. Surgical robotic system with compliance mechanism
CN115105206B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2025-11-14 北京银河方圆科技有限公司 视觉空间调整系统和方法、以及可读存储介质
US20250387164A1 (en) 2022-07-01 2025-12-25 Stryker Corporation Methods And Systems For Zone And Implant Planning For A Surgical Procedure
AU2023336223A1 (en) 2022-09-08 2025-03-20 Stryker European Operations Limited Systems and methods for associating components of a surgical instrument for navigation-assisted surgery
US12329574B2 (en) * 2022-10-31 2025-06-17 Procept Biorobotics Corporation Fiducial systems for probe tracking and identification
CN115607294B (zh) * 2022-11-02 2025-09-26 苏州微创畅行机器人有限公司 手术机器人系统和数据处理方法
US20240165812A1 (en) * 2022-11-23 2024-05-23 Dexterity, Inc. Safeguarded exit from physically constrained robotic workspace
JP2025542298A (ja) * 2022-12-19 2025-12-25 ジェネシス メドテック インターナショナル プライベート リミテッド 視覚補助手術における解剖構造の追跡方法及び装置
US12685607B2 (en) 2023-02-01 2026-07-21 Procept Biorobotics Corporation Tissue protection systems and methods
US12622757B2 (en) 2023-02-01 2026-05-12 Procept Biorobotics Corporation User interface for three dimensional imaging and treatment
CN115998435B (zh) * 2023-02-22 2026-05-01 苏州微创畅行机器人有限公司 导航方法及系统、计算机可读存储介质及手术机器人系统
EP4676379A2 (en) * 2023-03-07 2026-01-14 Monogram Orthopaedics Inc. Robotic surgery system layouts and related methods
USD1091816S1 (en) 2023-04-19 2025-09-02 Stryker European Operations Limited Surgical instrument tracker
KR20260038856A (ko) * 2023-04-26 2026-03-19 모노그램 올소패딕스 인크. 마커리스 추적 및 레이턴시 감소 접근방식들, 및 관련된 디바이스들
WO2024229649A1 (en) * 2023-05-08 2024-11-14 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Non-invasive patient tracker for surgical procedure
WO2024249816A1 (en) 2023-06-01 2024-12-05 Stryker Corporation Segmentation of bony structures
CN116919597B (zh) * 2023-09-15 2023-12-26 中南大学 基于多视觉融合采集信息的手术导航系统
DE102023131861A1 (de) * 2023-11-15 2025-05-15 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Priorisierung mehrerer objekte bei assistenzfunktionalität für operationsmikroskopiesystem
US20250235269A1 (en) * 2024-01-19 2025-07-24 Stryker European Operations Limited Surgical Navigation Systems And Methods For Multi-Modality Tracking And Object Detection
WO2025156076A1 (en) * 2024-01-22 2025-07-31 Abb Schweiz Ag Method, apparatus, device, medium and product for generating a path for a robot
US20250295456A1 (en) 2024-03-19 2025-09-25 Stryker European Operations Limited Automatic Recentering Of Surgical Navigation View On Instrument Tip
CN118181306B (zh) * 2024-05-17 2024-08-30 上海术之道医疗器械有限公司 机器人控制方法、装置、控制设备及可读取存储介质
AU2025203603A1 (en) 2024-05-21 2025-12-11 Stryker European Operations Limited Techniques for reducing latency during tracking a handheld surgical instrument using mesh to mesh collisions and a modified end effector model
US20250366929A1 (en) 2024-05-30 2025-12-04 Stryker European Operations Limited System And Method Of Defining And Displaying Alert Zones Of A Patient Anatomy
WO2025248509A1 (en) 2024-05-31 2025-12-04 Stryker European Operations Limited Latency-based control of surgical navigation systems
WO2025248507A1 (en) 2024-05-31 2025-12-04 Stryker European Operations Limited Extension of virtual models for surgical navigation
WO2026003841A1 (en) * 2024-06-27 2026-01-02 Mazor Robotics Ltd. Systems and methods for dynamic collision avoidance in robotic procedures
US20260137480A1 (en) 2024-11-15 2026-05-21 Stryker Corporation Techniques For Remotely Modifying Video Data Quality To Optimize Streaming In Surgical Extended Reality

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007041267A2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Restoration Robotics, Inc. Automated systems and methods for harvesting and implanting follicular units

Family Cites Families (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5662111A (en) 1991-01-28 1997-09-02 Cosman; Eric R. Process of stereotactic optical navigation
US6675040B1 (en) 1991-01-28 2004-01-06 Sherwood Services Ag Optical object tracking system
US5603318A (en) 1992-04-21 1997-02-18 University Of Utah Research Foundation Apparatus and method for photogrammetric surgical localization
US5732703A (en) 1992-11-30 1998-03-31 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Stereotaxy wand and tool guide
JP2679614B2 (ja) * 1994-03-24 1997-11-19 村田機械株式会社 モービルロボットのハンド位置決め装置
US5682890A (en) 1995-01-26 1997-11-04 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance stereotactic surgery with exoskeleton tissue stabilization
US6167296A (en) 1996-06-28 2000-12-26 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Method for volumetric image navigation
US5921992A (en) 1997-04-11 1999-07-13 Radionics, Inc. Method and system for frameless tool calibration
US6247812B1 (en) * 1997-09-25 2001-06-19 Vismed System and method for diagnosing and treating a target tissue
US6379302B1 (en) * 1999-10-28 2002-04-30 Surgical Navigation Technologies Inc. Navigation information overlay onto ultrasound imagery
US8239001B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2012-08-07 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for surgical navigation
US20010034530A1 (en) 2000-01-27 2001-10-25 Malackowski Donald W. Surgery system
US6484049B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2002-11-19 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Fluoroscopic tracking and visualization system
JP2004538538A (ja) 2000-10-05 2004-12-24 シーメンス コーポレイト リサーチ インコーポレイテツド 強化現実可視化付きの、手術中にイメージガイドされる神経外科手術法及び手術用装置
US20030179308A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2003-09-25 Lucia Zamorano Augmented tracking using video, computed data and/or sensing technologies
US6978167B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2005-12-20 Claron Technology Inc. Video pose tracking system and method
CA2437286C (en) 2002-08-13 2008-04-29 Garnette Roy Sutherland Microsurgical robot system
US20110015521A1 (en) 2003-03-27 2011-01-20 Boulder Innovation Group, Inc. Means of Tracking Movement of Bodies During Medical Treatment
DE10343826B4 (de) 2003-09-22 2006-02-09 Plus-Endoprothetik Ag Knochenfester Lokator und Navigationssystem
US7623250B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2009-11-24 Stryker Leibinger Gmbh & Co. Kg. Enhanced shape characterization device and method
EP1871267B1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2018-09-12 Mako Surgical Corp. Haptic guidance system
US8073528B2 (en) * 2007-09-30 2011-12-06 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Tool tracking systems, methods and computer products for image guided surgery
JP5741885B2 (ja) 2005-06-09 2015-07-01 ナヴィスイス エージー 物体の空間位置そして/または空間方位の非接触決定及び測定用システムと方法、特に医療器具に関するパターン又は構造体を含む特に医療器具の較正及び試験方法
GB2428110A (en) 2005-07-06 2007-01-17 Armstrong Healthcare Ltd A robot and method of registering a robot.
JP4153528B2 (ja) * 2006-03-10 2008-09-24 ファナック株式会社 ロボットシミュレーションのための装置、プログラム、記録媒体及び方法
US7876942B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2011-01-25 Activiews Ltd. System and method for optical position measurement and guidance of a rigid or semi-flexible tool to a target
US9718190B2 (en) * 2006-06-29 2017-08-01 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Tool position and identification indicator displayed in a boundary area of a computer display screen
WO2009045827A2 (en) 2007-09-30 2009-04-09 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Methods and systems for tool locating and tool tracking robotic instruments in robotic surgical systems
DE102007055203A1 (de) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 Kuka Roboter Gmbh Einen Roboter aufweisende Vorrichtung, medizinischer Arbeitsplatz und Verfahren zum Registrieren eines Objekts
US8238631B2 (en) * 2009-05-13 2012-08-07 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. System and method for automatic registration between an image and a subject
DE102010042540B4 (de) 2010-10-15 2014-09-04 Scopis Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Abstandsbestimmungsvorrichtung eines optischen Systems
US9370332B2 (en) * 2010-11-10 2016-06-21 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. Robotic navigated nuclear probe imaging
US9119655B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2015-09-01 Stryker Corporation Surgical manipulator capable of controlling a surgical instrument in multiple modes
US9921712B2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2018-03-20 Mako Surgical Corp. System and method for providing substantially stable control of a surgical tool
US8601380B2 (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-12-03 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for displaying interactive preview information in a location-based user interface
US9572539B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2017-02-21 Imactis Device and method for determining the position of an instrument in relation to medical images
US9084613B2 (en) * 2011-06-21 2015-07-21 Motaz Qutub Method and apparatus for determining and guiding the toolpath of an orthopedic surgical robot
US9188973B2 (en) * 2011-07-08 2015-11-17 Restoration Robotics, Inc. Calibration and transformation of a camera system's coordinate system
US10363102B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2019-07-30 Mako Surgical Corp. Integrated surgery method
US9259278B2 (en) * 2011-12-30 2016-02-16 Mako Surgical Corp. System for image-based robotic surgery
DE102012208389A1 (de) 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 Fiagon Gmbh Registrierverfahren und -vorrichtung für ein Positionserfassungssystem
US20220346895A1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2022-11-03 Globus Medical, Inc. Robotic systems providing co-registration using natural fiducials and related methods
US9226796B2 (en) * 2012-08-03 2016-01-05 Stryker Corporation Method for detecting a disturbance as an energy applicator of a surgical instrument traverses a cutting path
KR102964615B1 (ko) 2012-08-03 2026-05-14 스트리커 코포레이션 로봇 수술을 위한 시스템 및 방법
US9008757B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2015-04-14 Stryker Corporation Navigation system including optical and non-optical sensors
US8848201B1 (en) * 2012-10-20 2014-09-30 Google Inc. Multi-modal three-dimensional scanning of objects
CN110279427B (zh) * 2012-12-10 2024-01-16 直观外科手术操作公司 图像采集装置和可操纵装置活动臂受控运动过程中的碰撞避免
DE102012025102A1 (de) 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 avateramedical GmBH Endoskop mit einem Mehrkamerasystem für die minimal-invasive Chirurgie
CN105073054B (zh) 2013-01-16 2018-07-10 史赛克公司 指示视线误差的导航系统和方法
US20160000518A1 (en) 2013-02-11 2016-01-07 Neomedz Sàrl Tracking apparatus for tracking an object with respect to a body
IL308285B2 (en) * 2013-03-11 2024-11-01 Magic Leap Inc System and method for augmentation and virtual reality
KR102060390B1 (ko) * 2013-03-13 2019-12-30 스트리커 코포레이션 가상 구속 경계들을 확립하기 위한 시스템
WO2014139023A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Synaptive Medical (Barbados) Inc. Intelligent positioning system and methods therefore
WO2014189969A1 (en) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Camplex, Inc. Surgical visualization systems
US9675419B2 (en) * 2013-08-21 2017-06-13 Brachium, Inc. System and method for automating medical procedures
CN105658167B (zh) 2013-08-23 2018-05-04 斯瑞克欧洲控股I公司 用来对用于手术导航的坐标转换进行确定的计算机实现技术
JP6393319B2 (ja) * 2013-10-04 2018-09-19 ストライカー・コーポレイション 物体と相互作用するシステム及び方法
CN103522305B (zh) * 2013-10-29 2016-06-08 中国科学院自动化研究所 一种使移动机械臂趋近并抓取目标物体的方法
EP3079622B1 (en) 2013-12-10 2017-08-02 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Radiation-free registration of an optical shape sensing system to an imaging system
EP2923669B1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2017-06-28 Hansen Medical, Inc. Systems and devices for catheter driving instinctiveness
US10912523B2 (en) * 2014-03-24 2021-02-09 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for anatomic motion compensation
KR102387096B1 (ko) * 2014-03-28 2022-04-15 인튜어티브 서지컬 오퍼레이션즈 인코포레이티드 시계 내의 기기들의 정량적 3차원 시각화
KR20150128049A (ko) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-18 삼성전자주식회사 수술 로봇 및 그 제어방법
WO2015172826A1 (en) 2014-05-14 2015-11-19 Brainlab Ag Method for determining the spatial position of objects
US9402691B2 (en) 2014-09-16 2016-08-02 X-Nav Technologies, LLC System for determining and tracking movement during a medical procedure
WO2016069998A1 (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-06 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. System and method for articulated arm stabilization
US11389268B2 (en) * 2015-02-05 2022-07-19 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. System and method for anatomical markers
WO2016154557A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2016-09-29 Universidade De Coimbra Methods and systems for computer-aided surgery using intra-operative video acquired by a free moving camera
CN105014677B (zh) * 2015-07-07 2016-07-20 西安交通大学 基于Camshift视觉跟踪和D-H建模算法的视觉机械臂控制方法
EP3777749A3 (en) * 2015-12-31 2021-07-21 Stryker Corporation System and method for preparing surgery on a patient at a target site defined by a virtual object
CA3025300A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 Mako Surgical Corp. Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
US10398514B2 (en) * 2016-08-16 2019-09-03 Insight Medical Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for sensory augmentation in medical procedures

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007041267A2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Restoration Robotics, Inc. Automated systems and methods for harvesting and implanting follicular units

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113616332B (zh) 2026-06-30
JP2019523664A (ja) 2019-08-29
CN122515897A (zh) 2026-08-07
EP4186458A1 (en) 2023-05-31
US20240156543A1 (en) 2024-05-16
CN113616332A (zh) 2021-11-09
JP7134872B2 (ja) 2022-09-12
JP2022169764A (ja) 2022-11-09
EP4732806A2 (en) 2026-04-29
US20200107887A1 (en) 2020-04-09
EP4732806A3 (en) 2026-06-24
CN109152615B (zh) 2021-08-17
US11937881B2 (en) 2024-03-26
AU2017269937A1 (en) 2018-12-06
WO2017205351A1 (en) 2017-11-30
CA3025300A1 (en) 2017-11-30
EP4186458B1 (en) 2026-02-11
AU2022231780B2 (en) 2024-11-21
US10531926B2 (en) 2020-01-14
AU2022231780A1 (en) 2022-10-13
AU2025201248A1 (en) 2025-03-13
EP3463164A1 (en) 2019-04-10
US20170333137A1 (en) 2017-11-23
CN109152615A (zh) 2019-01-04
KR102488295B1 (ko) 2023-01-16
EP3463164B1 (en) 2023-01-11
KR20190010860A (ko) 2019-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2022231780B2 (en) Systems and methods for identifying and tracking physical objects during a robotic surgical procedure
AU2024203195B2 (en) System and methods for performing surgery on a patient at a target site defined by a virtual object

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FGA Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)