AU2010246510A1 - Gasifier, thermal power plant using gasifier, operating procedure of gasifier, and operating procedure of thermal power plant using gasifier - Google Patents

Gasifier, thermal power plant using gasifier, operating procedure of gasifier, and operating procedure of thermal power plant using gasifier Download PDF

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AU2010246510A1
AU2010246510A1 AU2010246510A AU2010246510A AU2010246510A1 AU 2010246510 A1 AU2010246510 A1 AU 2010246510A1 AU 2010246510 A AU2010246510 A AU 2010246510A AU 2010246510 A AU2010246510 A AU 2010246510A AU 2010246510 A1 AU2010246510 A1 AU 2010246510A1
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Australia
Prior art keywords
slag
syngas
oxygen
gasifier
containing gas
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AU2010246510A
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AU2010246510B2 (en
Inventor
Eiji Arimori
Takuya Ishiga
Fumihiko Kiso
Fumihiko Nagaremori
Masanori Santou
Hiroshi Yamashita
Toshinori Yasutomi
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Electric Power Development Co Ltd
Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Electric Power Development Co Ltd
Babcock Hitachi KK
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Assigned to ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD., MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. reassignment ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. Request to Amend Deed and Register Assignors: BABCOCK-HITACHI K.K., ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.
Assigned to ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD., MITSUBISHI POWER, LTD. reassignment ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. Request to Amend Deed and Register Assignors: MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD., ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

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  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Australian Patents Act 1990 - Regulation 3.2 ORIGINAL COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title Gasifier, thermal power plant using gasifier, operating procedure of gasifier, and operating procedure of thermal power plant using gasifier The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: P1/00/0 I I I Ain - la Background of the invention (1) Field of the invention The present invention relates to a gasifier for gasifying a solid fuel such as a coal or the like, a thermal power plant using a gasifier, an operating procedure of a gasifier, and an 5 operating procedure of a thermal power plant using a gasifier. (2) Description of related art In the case of operating a gasifier for gasifying a solid fuel such as a coal or the like, it is necessary to prevent a solidification and an obstruction of a fused slug in a slag-tapping hole of the gasifier, and make the fused slag stably fall down. Accordingly, it is necessary to 10 heat a slag-tapping part lower surface side of the gasifier. As a method of heating the slag-tapping part lower surface side of the gasifier, it is common to use a start-up burner which is provided just below the slag-tapping part. However, in order to reduce a running cost of the gasifier, it is essential to reduce an auxiliary fuel such as a light oil or the like input from the start-up burner. 15 In JP-A-7-11261, there is disclosed a technique for achieving a heating of a slag tapping part and a reduction of a running cost, by supplying an oxidizing agent from a start-up burner of a gasifier, and a syngas (a recycle gas) containing CO and H2 generated in the gasifier as a main component while recycling. In JP-A-7-292368, there is disclosed a technique for preventing an obstruction of 20 a slag-tapping hole due to a solidification of a fused slag, by providing a recycle gas burner introducing a part of a syngas generated in a gasifier to a lower portion of a slag-tapping part so as to burn, and an injection nozzle of an oxygen or an oxygen rich air, mixing the syngas fed from the recycle gas burner and the oxygen fed from the injection nozzle of the oxygen or the oxygen rich air just below the slag-tapping part so as to burn, and structuring such as to heat the 25 slag-tapping part. However, in the gasifier disclosed in JP-A-7-292368, feeding a part of the syngas generated in the gasifier for heating the slag-tapping hole from the recycle burner so as to burn prevents the slag-tapping hole from the obstruction caused by the solidification of the fused slag. Since the solidification prevention of the fused slag comes in first, an amount of the syngas fed 30 from the recycle burner so as to burn becomes large, and a thermal energy consumed by heating w J01+t -2 is increased, whereby a reduction of an energy efficiency of the gasifier becomes large. Further, a temperature of the slag-tapping hole of the gasifier becomes higher than a proper temperature, and the fused slag having a high temperature falls down from the slag tapping hole so as to damage nozzles of a slag falling part and it's wall surface, so that a 5 reliability of the gasifier is lowered. Brief summary of the invention An object of the present invention is to provide a gasifier which can maintain an efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out a heating of a slag-tapping hole preventing an obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to a solidification of a fused slag in accordance with an 10 energy saving manner, a thermal power plant using the gasifier, an operating procedure of the gasifier, and an operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a gasifier including a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the 15 gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein a syngas nozzle supplying a part of a syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the slag falling part is installed at a position which is 20 below the syngas nozzle. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a thermal power plant using a gasifier, the thermal power plant being provided with the gasifier including a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part 25 and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein a syngas nozzle supplying a part of a syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the slag falling part and a start-up burner burning for supporting are 30 installed at a position of the slag falling part which is below the syngas nozzle, a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control apparatus controlling an amount of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle and an amount of the VV Jot'* -3 oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value measured by the temperature meter, a desulfurization apparatus desulfurizing the syngas by introducing the syngas generated in the gasification part of the gasifier from the gasifier, a combustor burning by using the syngas which is desulfurized by the desulfurization apparatus as 5 a fuel so as to generate a combustion gas, a turbine driven by the combustion gas which is generated by the combustor, a power generator generating power by being driven by the gas turbine, and a compressor compressing the air so as to supply as a combustion air to the combustor, a system supplying a part of the syngas which is branched from the desulfurization apparatus to the syngas nozzle of the gasifier, an air separation unit separating an oxygen from 10 the air which is extracted from the compressor, and a system supplying the oxygen which is separated by the air separation unit to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle of the gasifier. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an operating procedure of a gasifier, the gasifier including a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, a slag-tapping part 15 provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein the procedure includes the steps of measuring a temperature of the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and controlling an amount of the syngas supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the 20 slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part through a syngas nozzle installed in the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, on the basis of the measured temperature detection value, and controlling an amount of an oxygen-containing gas which is supplied through an oxygen-containing gas nozzle installed in the slag falling part for burning the supplied syngas. 25 In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an operating procedure of a thermal power plant using a gasifier, the thermal power plant including the gasifier provided with a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, and a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, 30 the operating procedure including the steps of desulfurizing the syngas by means of a desulfurization apparatus by introducing the syngas generated in the gasification part of the gasifier from the gasifier, burning by means of a combustor by using the desulfurized syngas as a fuel so as to generate a combustion gas, driving a turbine by the generated combustion gas so as to generate power by means of a power generator driven by the turbine, compressing the air by -4 means of a compressor driven by the turbine so as to supply as a combustion air to the combustor, supplying a part of the syngas which is branched from the desulfurization apparatus to the syngas nozzle which is installed in the slag falling part of the gasifier, and separating an oxygen from the air which is extracted from the compressor so as to supply the separated oxygen 5 to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle which is installed in the slag falling part of the gasifier, wherein the operating procedure comprises the steps of measuring a temperature of the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part of the gasifier and does not protrude to the hole, and controlling an amount of the syngas supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part L0 through the syngas nozzle installed in the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, on the basis of the measured temperature detection value, and controlling an amount of an oxygen-containing gas which is supplied through the oxygen-containing gas nozzle installed in the slag falling part for burning the supplied syngas. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that a [5 start-up burner which is installed in the slag falling part and burning an auxiliary fuel is installed at a position which is below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that the hole of the slag-tapping part is formed as a flat shape, and the syngas nozzle and the oxygen containing gas nozzle are installed in the slag falling part just below a long axial direction M0 forming the flat hole of the slag-tapping part so as to be opposed to each other. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that a start-up burner which is installed in the slag falling part and burning an auxiliary fuel is installed at a position which is just below a short axial direction forming the flat hole of the slag-tapping part, and is at the same height as that of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. 25 In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that a lower burner in an upper burner and the lower burner which supply a coal and an oxygen to the gasification part so as to carry out a burning reaction within the gasification part is installed in a wall surface of the gasification part in such a manner that a center line passing through an axis of the lower burner is positioned on a tangential line of a circle having a diameter which is smaller 30 than a long side of the slag-tapping part in which the hole of the slag-tapping part is formed as a flat shape. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control vy 01L+ -5 apparatus controlling an oxygen-containing gas supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value of the slag-tapping part measured by the temperature meter, and changing a concentration of the oxygen supplied to the slag falling part. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that the 5 syngas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are installed so as to be opposed to each other, and the gasifier has a control apparatus controlling in such a manner that a flow rate deviation of the opposed gas nozzles becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value. In the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag 10 tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control apparatus controlling an oxygen-containing gas supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value measured by the temperature meter, and the control apparatus controls flow rate deviations of the amounts of the syngas and the oxygen which are respectively supplied from the syngas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle arranged so 15 as to be opposed to each other in such a manner that they become equal to or less than ± 5 %. In the operating procedure of the gasifier in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle is supplied to a position within the slag falling part which is above the supplying position of the oxygen containing gas which is supplied into the slag falling part form the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, 20 the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle is supplied from a plurality of syngas nozzles which are installed so as to be opposed, into the slag falling part respectively in an opposed manner at a flow rate that a flow rate deviation becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is supplied from a plurality of oxygen-containing gas nozzles which are installed so as to be opposed, into the slag 25 falling part respectively in an opposed manner at a flow rate that a flow rate deviation becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value. In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the heating of the slag tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the 30 fused slag in accordance with an energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. Brief description of the several views of the drawing -6 Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a first embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state of an inner portion of the gasifier corresponding to the first embodiment in accordance with the present 5 invention shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a second embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state of an inner portion of the gasifier corresponding to the second embodiment in accordance with the present 10 invention shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a third embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state of an inner portion of the gasifier corresponding to the third embodiment in accordance with the present 15 invention shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state in a syngas nozzle height cross section of the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state in an oxygen 20 containing gas nozzle height cross section of the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a fourth embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 10 is a top elevational view showing a slag-tapping part of the gasifier 25 corresponding to the fourth embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a fifth embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 12 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flowing state of an inner 30 portion of the gasifier corresponding to the fifth embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 shows a result of a gasification test of a temperature of the gas in the vicinity of just below a slag-tapping hole with respect to an amount of a slag falling part input oxygen in the gasifier corresponding to the fifth embodiment in accordance with the present -7 invention; Fig. 14 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of a gasifier corresponding to a sixth embodiment in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 15 is a top elevational view showing a slag-tapping part of the gasifier 5 corresponding to the sixth embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a whole structure view showing a structure of a thermal power plant using a gasifier corresponding to a seventh embodiment in accordance with the present invention; and 10 Fig. 17 is a whole structure view showing a structure of a thermal power plant using a gasifier corresponding to an eighth embodiment in accordance with the present invention. Detailed description of the invention A description will be given of a gasifier and a thermal power plant using a gasifier 15 corresponding to embodiments in accordance with the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment I A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a first embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. I and 2. 20 The first embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a gasifier structured such as to employ an oxygen-containing gas and a part of a syngas generated in the gasifier, for heating a slag-tapping part of the gasifier under a steady operation. Fig. I is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of the gasifier corresponding to the first embodiment in accordance with the present invention. As shown in 25 Fig. 1, a gasifier I is formed as a cylindrical shape in its outer shape, has holes in a top portion and a bottom portion of the gasifier 1, gasifies a combustible content in a coal of a fuel in an inner portion thereof by applying a burning reaction with an oxygen, and is provided with a gasification part 2 which generates a syngas having CO and H2 as a main component, a slag tapping part 3 which makes a fused slag in which an ash content in the coal is fused by the 30 gasification part 2 down from a hole formed in a center portion thereof, a slag falling part 5 which is positioned just below the slag-tapping part 3 and comes to a buffer space conducting the fused slag to a downward cooling water tank 6, and the slag cooling water tank 6 which is -8 positioned below the slag falling part 5. An upper burner 7 and a lower burner 8 are attached respectively in tangential directions, in a wall surface of the gasifier 1 which forms the gasification part 2 in an inner portion thereof, and a coal of a solid fuel constructed as a fine powder, and a nitrogen and an 5 oxygen (which are not illustrated) corresponding to an example of an oxygen containing gas are thrown in the gasification part 2 so as to form a swirl flow within the gasification part 2. In this case, in addition to the nitrogen, an inert gas may be used. Further, the combustible content in the coal thrown in from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 is gasified by the burning reaction with the oxygen in the inner portion of 10 the gasification part 2, and the syngas having CO and H2 as the main component is generated. The syngas is obtained by the oxygen which is supplied under such a condition that an amount of the oxygen thrown in the gasification part 2 from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 is smaller than an amount of the oxygen necessary for a complete combustion of the coal so as to be burning reacted with the combustible content in the coal. 15 A flow 102 of the syngas generated within the gasification part 2 falls down while swirling the vicinity of an inner wall surface of the gasification part 2, and is inverted by the slag-tapping part 3 which is installed in a lower portion of the gasification part 2 so as to form an ascending current and ascend along an axial portion within the gasification part 2. Further, a partial syngas descends along a slag-tapping hole 4 formed in a center 20 portion of the slag-tapping part 3 installed in a lower portion of the gasification part 2 so as to come to a flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5. On the other hand, an ash content (an incombustible content) in the coal in the inner portion of the gasification part 2 is exposed to a centrifugal force by the swirl flow forming within the gasification part 2 so as to move to an inner wall surface side of the gasification part 25 2. The ash content is exposed to a high temperature flame formed by the burning reaction between the coal and the oxygen so as to be fused, and comes to a fused slag so as to be attached to the inner wall surface of the gasification part 2. Further, the fused slag falls down along the inner wall surface of the gasification part 2, and falls down to the slag falling part 5 from the slag-tapping hole 4 formed in the center 30 portion of the slag-tapping part 3 through an upper surface of the slag-tapping part 3. The fused slag falling down to the slag falling part 5 falls down to the cooling water tank 6 installed below the slag falling part 5 so as to be rapidly cooled by a cooling water, and is recovered as an amorphous (glassy) granulated slag. Since the granulated slag can reduce a volume of the ash content, and can suppress an elution of a heavy metal to a detection -9 limit or less, it has a chance of being effectively utilized for a paving, an aggregate and the like. A role of the slag falling part 5 provided in the gasifier I is to form a buffer space connecting between the high temperature gasification part 2 which is equal to or higher than a fusing point of the fused slag and the slag-tapping hole 4, and the low temperature slag cooling 5 water tank 6, and conduct the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4 to the slag cooling water tank 6. Accordingly, it is necessary to keep a temperature of the gas in the upper portion of the slag falling part 5, particularly in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. Once the fused slag is cooled so as to 10 be solidified, the slag-tapping hole 4 is closed by the solidified fused slag and can not discharge the fused slag to a system outside from the gasifier 1, and it is unavoidable to stop the operation of the gasifier 1. The upper portion of the slag falling part 5 comes to a high temperature field on the basis of a radiation heat from the gasification part 2, and a delivered heat of a flow 101 of the 15 syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 and the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4. In the case that the fusing point of the fused slag is high, it is necessary to further heat the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to keep the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 equal to or higher than the fusing point of 20 the fused slag. Accordingly, in order to heat the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 at a time of the steady operation, a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part 2 of the gasifier 1 is supplied as a fuel into the slag falling part 5, and heats the slag-tapping hole 5. In the present embodiment, a syngas nozzle 9 is installed in a wall surface of the 25 slag falling part 5, as a supplying means for supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part 2 into the slag falling part 5. Further, an oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 supplying an oxygen containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 within the slag falling part 5 is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 at a position coming to a lower portion of the syngas nozzle 9. 30 The syngas generated in the gasification part 2 supplying to the syngas nozzle 9 is structured such as to branch a syngas 19 which is generated by the gasification part 2 so as to be discharged from the upper portion of the gasifier I by a desulfurizer 18, in a thermal power plant using the gasifier in accordance with a seventh embodiment mentioned below, and supply as a syngas 29 for supplying to the syngas nozzle to the syngas nozzle 9.
- 10 In the present embodiment, a control apparatus 200 controlling an amount of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 is installed, supplies the syngas into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 for preventing the slag-tapping hole 4 from being closed by the solidification of the fused slag, and controls such that a supply amount of the syngas heating the 5 slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature always comes to a proper flow rate. In other words, temperature detection values which are respectively measured by a temperature meter 12 measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4, a temperature meter 13 measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzle 9, and a temperature meter 14 measuring a temperature in 10 the vicinity of the wall surface just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, which are installed in sequence from the above in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 are input to the control apparatus 200. The place in which the temperature meter 12 is installed is the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, for example, is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and is not protruded to the hole. 15 Further, the temperature detection value which is detected by the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 is output as a command signal operating each of opening degrees of a syngas flow rate regulation portion 36 which is installed in an upstream side of the syngas nozzle 9, and an oxygen flow rate regulation portion 37 and a nitrogen flow rate regulation portion 38 which are installed in an 20 upstream side of the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 for regulating a flow rate of the oxygen containing gas, by calculating a temperature deviation from a lower limit set temperature corresponding to a temperature of the slag-tapping hole 4 which can prevent the solidification of the fused slag which is previously set in the control apparatus 200, and respectively computing a command signal coming to a flow rate of the syngas which should be supplied to the slag falling 25 part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 on the basis of the calculated temperature deviation, and a command signal coming to a flow rate of the oxygen which should be supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, which is necessary for burning the syngas. As a result, since it is possible to burn the syngas by always supplying a minimum flow rate of syngas to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and supplying the oxygen 30 containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas, and heat the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature which becomes equal to or higher than a fusing point of the coal ash, it is possible to prevent the solidification of the fused slag so as to close the slag-tapping hole 4. Further, the temperature meters 13 and 14 are used for monitoring a fusion loss. The less the supply amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 from - 11 the syngas nozzle 9 is made, the better an energy efficiency of the gasifier I becomes. Accordingly, it is preferable to arrange the syngas nozzle 9 provided in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part 3, supply the syngas toward the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to bum, and heat the vicinity of the just 5 below of the slag-tapping hole 4. The oxygen containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, and the syngas coming down as the flow 101 of the syngas flow from the gasification part 2 through the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to flow into the slag falling part 5 is supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 10 installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 coming to the position which is below the syngas nozzle 9. Further, in order to monitor the temperature within the slag falling part 5, in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, there are installed two temperature meters 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, two temperature 15 meters 13 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzle 9, and two temperature meters 14 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 in sequence from the above, so as to correspond to each other. In the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment, it is possible to make 20 a bore diameter of each of the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 small, and it is possible to install the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 at the position having a close height to the slag-tapping part 3, by employing the structure mentioned above. If the syngas and the oxygen containing gas can be supplied from the position 25 which is close to the slag-tapping part 3, it is possible to set the high temperature flame close to the slag-tapping hole 4. Accordingly, it is possible to make the temperature of the slag-tapping hole 4 high by a reduced fuel. In the case of heating the slag-tapping hole 4 by the oxygen of the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, and the flow 101 of the syngas coming down the slag-tapping hole 4 30 from the gasification part 2 so as to flow into the slag falling part 5, it is preferable to set the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 close to the slag-tapping part 3. If the oxygen is supplied at the position which is close to the slag-tapping part, it is mixed with the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 just below the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to be burnt. This is because the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 is constructed by a VV Jo..t.t - 12 water-cooled membrane construction (a construction of the cooling wall surface in which a cooling water tube and a membrane bar (a metal plate) are welded alternately). It is necessary to arrange the cooling water tube in a curved manner at a position of the nozzle and the insertion port of the burner, for arranging the cooling water tube while bypassing the nozzle and the 5 insertion port of the burner, however, if it is possible to form the bore diameters of the nozzle and the burner small, a bending amount of the water tube becomes smaller, and it is possible to arrange the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 close to the slag-tapping part 3. Next, a description will be given further in detail of a heating method of the slag 10 tapping hole 4 stably falling down the fused slag fusing by the gasification part 2 of the gasifier I from the slag-tapping hole 4 to the slag falling part 5 and the slag cooling water tank 6 which is installed below the slag falling part 5, without cooling and solidifying the fused slag by the slag tapping hole 4, with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 2 is an explanatory view in which a flowing condition of the gas is 15 schematically added to a partial enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 of the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in sequence from the above in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier 1. The oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 is provided at the position which is just below the syngas 20 nozzle 9, and inhibits the syngas existing just below the slag-tapping hole 4 from diffusing downward. The position monitoring the temperature within the slag falling part 5 is set to the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, and the vicinity of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. The temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the 25 just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 monitors a fall-down condition of the fused slag from the slag-tapping hole 4. This is because it is hard to accurately measure the gas temperature due to the attachment of the fused slag constantly falling down, and there is a risk that the temperature meter is broken, even if the temperature meter is installed within the slag-tapping hole 4. On the contrary, if the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag 30 tapping hole 4 can be heated to the fusing point of the fused slag or higher, it is possible to hold down the risk that the fused slag is attached to the temperature meter. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, it is possible to measure the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag- - 13 tapping hole 4 and calculate a deviation from the set temperature by the control apparatus 200 on the basis of the detection value of the temperature measured by the temperature meter 12, thereby computing the syngas amount corresponding to the deviation temperature, it is possible to compute the oxygen amount which is necessary for burning the syngas amount so as to output 5 each of the command signals, and operate the flow rate regulation portion 36 of the syngas, thereby controlling a minimum syngas amount which is supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, and it is possible to operate valve opening of the flow rate regulation portion 37 for supplying to the oxygen containing gas nozzle so as to control the oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, thereby preferably 10 burning the syngas. In other words, the syngas is burnt by controlling the oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 as well as controlling the minimum syngas amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 by the control apparatus 200 in such a manner that the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of 15 the slag-tapping hole 4 measured by the temperature meter 12 keeps a desired temperature, and the gas is heated in such a manner that the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 becomes equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. The temperature monitoring in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 monitors the risk that the fused slag in the lower 20 end surface of the slag-tapping hole 4 is cooled and solidified, operates the valve opening of the flow rate regulation portion 36 of the syngas by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to regulate the flow rate of the syngas which is supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and is burnt to the minimum flow rate, operates the valve opening of the flow rate regulation portion 37 for supplying to the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 so as to regulate the 25 oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas and preferably burn the syngas, and heats the gas in such a manner that the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 becomes equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. In the present embodiment, the description is given of the case that two 30 temperature meters 12 are installed in the opposite manner just above the syngas nozzle 9, however, the more number of the installed temperature meters is better. It is preferable to measure the gas temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 by installing the temperature meter 13 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface coming to the position which is just below the syngas nozzle 9, - 14 and/or the temperature meter 14 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface coming to the position which is just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10. They protect the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. Further, the diffusion condition of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag 5 falling part 5 from the slag-tapping hole 4 is monitored by the temperature meter 13 and/or the temperature meter 14. In the case that the syngas and the oxygen containing gas are thrown in the slag falling part 5, respectively from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, it is necessary to avoid the burnout risk of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, the syngas 10 nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10. Accordingly, it is preferable to monitor the temperature by using the temperature meter 13 in the vicinity of the wall surface which is just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 in the vicinity of the wall surface which is just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10. Both the temperature meters 13 and the temperature meters 14 are installed in an 15 opposed manner at two positions or more so as to monitor the gas temperatures in the vicinity of the syngas nozzle 9, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 and the wall surface. Next, a description will be given of the flow of the gas within the slag falling part 5 from the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 in the case of heating the slag-tapping hole 4 in the gasifier I in which one syngas nozzle 9 and one oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in 20 the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 1, with reference to Fig. 2. A part of the flow 102 of the syngas generated within the gasification part 2 flows into the slag-tapping hole 4 without inverting in the vicinity of the top surface of the slag-tapping part 3. This is the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5, and the coming 25 down swirl flow. The amount of the syngas coming to the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 is affected by a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4, a gas flow rate within the gasification part 2 or the like, however, reaches several % or more of a whole amount of the syngas. In the present embodiment, a description will be given in the case that a shape of the 30 slag-tapping hole 4 is formed as an oval shape. As shown in Fig. 2, the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 from the gasification part 2 is attenuated while diffusing within the slag falling part 5, comes to a flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5, and is collected to the center portion of the slag falling part 5, that is, just below the slag-tapping hole 4.
VV JOi - 15 This is because the flow 102 of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 forms the swirl flow, and the axial side of the gasification part 2 comes to a negative pressure. Accordingly, the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 and the gas within the slag falling part 5 all comes up along the axis of the gasification part 2, and is discharged from the gasifier 1 5 so as to fall down to the equipment close to the downstream side. Accordingly, if the gas including the oxygen is supplied to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, it is mixed with the flow 104 of the syngas inverted by the slag falling part 5 so as to be burnt. Therefore, it is possible to heat the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. In order to reduce a running cost of the gasifier 1, and make a service life of the refractory material 10 of the slag-tapping part 3 and the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 long, it is effective to locally heat the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. In this case, it is preferable to flow in such a manner as to slowly mix the flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5, and a flow 106 of the oxygen containing gas which is thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 15 10. Since a high temperature flame is not formed by suppressing the diffusion of the flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5 by the flow 106 of the oxygen containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, and slowly mixing the both, it is possible to protect the refractory material of the slag-tapping part 3. 20 One of methods for forming the flow mentioned above is to form an ascending vortex caused by the flow 106 of the oxygen containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, by using one oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. In this case, in the case that it is necessary to further heat the slag-tapping hole 4, 25 the syngas is replenished to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 from the syngas nozzle 9 supplying a part of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2, and the oxygen containing gas is increased its amount so as to be burnt. Further, it is possible to suppress the amount of the syngas and the amount of the oxygen containing gas which are thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and 30 the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 to the minimum, even if the properties of the coal which is gasified by the gasification part 2 is changed, by preferably burning the syngas by installing the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature of the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4 so as to monitor the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4, regulating the flow rate of the syngas supplied form the syngas nozzle 9 on the w 001#1# - 16 basis of the temperature detected by the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200, and regulating the amount of the oxygen supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, for the monitoring of the slag fall-down condition in the slag-tapping hole 4, and the regulation of the amount of the 5 gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 mentioned above. As mentioned above, in accordance with the present embodiment, it is possible to carry out the heating of the hole of the slag-tapping part preventing the obstruction of the slag tapping hole caused by the solidification of the fused slag with an energy saving manner so as to maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high, on the basis of the gasifier which is provided with the 10 gasification part gasifying the combustible content in the coal fed from the burner so as to form the ash content in the coal as the fused slag, the slag-tapping part provided in the bottom portion of the gasification part and having the hole for falling down the fused slag in the center portion thereof, and the slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, in which the syngas nozzle supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is 15 installed at the position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the slag falling part is installed at the position which is below the syngas nozzle. Further, as described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying 20 out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. Further, in the embodiment mentioned above, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 25 10 is arranged in the lower side than the syngas nozzle 9, however, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 may be arranged in an upper side than the syngas nozzle 9, or may be arranged at the same height. Since the syngas nozzle supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part which is close to the slag-tapping part, and the oxygen containing gas nozzle supplying the oxygen 30 containing gas is installed at the position of the slag falling part which is close to the slag-tapping part, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of the gasifier by carrying out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole caused by the solidification of the fused slag by the saved energy.
- 17 Embodiment 2 A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a second embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. 3 and 4. Since a basic structure of the gasifier in accordance with the second embodiment 5 of the present invention is the same as the gasifier in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Figs. I and 2, a description of the structures which are common between the both will be omitted, and only different structures will be described below. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of the gasifier corresponding to the second embodiment in accordance with the present invention. In the same 10 manner as the gasifier in accordance with the first embodiment, the combustible content in the coal thrown in from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 is gasified in the inner portion of the gasification part 2 on the basis of the burning reaction, and generates the syngas having CO and H2 as the main component. The flow 102 of the syngas generated within the gasification part 2 falls down 15 while swirling in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the gasification part 2, and is inverted by the slag-tapping part 3 which is installed in the lower portion of the gasification part 2 so as to form an ascending current and ascend along an axial portion within the gasification part 2. Further, a partial syngas descends along the slag-tapping hole 4 formed in the center portion of the slag-tapping part 3 installed in the lower portion of the gasification part 2 so as to come to the 20 flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5. On the other hand, an ash content (an incombustible content) in the coal in the inner portion of the gasification part 2 is exposed to a centrifugal force by the swirl flow forming within the gasification part 2 so as to move to the inner wall surface side of the gasification part 2. The ash content is exposed to a high temperature flame formed by the burning reaction 25 between the coal and the oxygen so as to be fused, and comes to a fused slag so as to be attached to the inner wall surface of the gasification part 2. Further, the fused slag falls down along the inner wall surface of the gasification part 2, falls down to the slag falling part 5 from the slag-tapping hole 4 formed in the center portion of the slag-tapping part 3 through an upper surface of the slag-tapping part 3, and falls 30 down to the cooling water tank 6 installed below the slag falling part 5 so as to be rapidly cooled by a cooling water, and is recovered as an amorphous (glassy) granulated slag. A role of the slag falling part 5 provided in the gasifier I is to form a buffer space connecting between the high temperature gasification part 2 which is equal to or higher than a fusing point of the fused slag and the slag-tapping hole 4, and the low temperature slag cooling W5144 - 18 water tank 6, and conduct the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4 to the slag cooling water tank 6. Accordingly, it is necessary to keep a temperature of the gas in the upper portion of the slag falling part 5, particularly in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 5 equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. Once the fused slag is cooled so as to be solidified, the slag-tapping hole 4 is closed by the solidified fused slag and can not discharge the fused slag to a system outside from the gasifier 1, and it is unavoidable to stop the operation of the gasifier 1. The upper portion of the slag falling part 5 comes to a high temperature field on 10 the basis of a radiation heat from the gasification part 2, and a delivered heat of a flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 and the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4. In the case that the fusing point of the fused slag is high, it is necessary to further heat the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to keep the gas temperature in 15 the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. The most concise operating procedure for heating the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 is to provide a start-up burner 11 in the wall surface of the slag falling part for supplemental firing at a time of starting and stopping the gasifier 1, and heat the vicinity 20 of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by burning the fuel by means of the start-up burner 11. The start-up burner II is structured such as to heat the inner side of the gasification part 2 at a time of starting the gasifier 1, and heat the inner side of the gasification part 2 for falling the fused slag from the gasification part 2 at a time of stopping the gasifier 1. 25 In general, the fuel of the start-up burner 11 is a light oil or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to make use of it independently from the gasifier 1. On the other hand, it is necessary to make a reduction of a running cost of the gasifier 1, and an improvement of an energy efficiency compatible. Accordingly, it is necessary to heat the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 without using the auxiliary fuel 30 such as the light oil or the like by the start-up burner 11, except the starting and stopping times of the gasifier 1, and an emergency time. Accordingly, for heating the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 at a time of the steady operation, in place of burning the light oil by the start-up burner 11, a part of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 of the gasifier I is supplied as the fuel into the - 19 slag falling part 5 so as to be burnt, and the slag-tapping hole 4 is heated. In the present embodiment, the syngas nozzle 9 is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 coming to the upper portion of the start-up burner 11, as a supplying means for supplying a part of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 into the slag falling part 5. 5 Further, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 supplying the oxygen containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 within the slag falling part 5 is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 at a position which comes to the upper portion of the start-up burner 11, and the lower portion of the syngas nozzle 9. The syngas generated in the gasification part 2 supplying to the syngas nozzle 9 is 10 structured such as to branch a syngas 19 which is generated by the gasification part 2 so as to be discharged from the upper portion of the gasifier I by a desulfurizer 18, in a thermal power plant using the gasifier in accordance with a seventh embodiment mentioned below, and supply as a syngas 29 for supplying to the syngas nozzle to the syngas nozzle 9. In the present embodiment, a control apparatus 200 controlling an amount of the 15 syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 is installed, supplies the syngas into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 for preventing the slag-tapping hole 4 from being closed by the solidification of the fused slag, and controls such that a supply amount of the syngas heating the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature always comes to a proper flow rate. In other words, temperature detection values which are respectively measured by 20 a temperature meter 12 measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4, a temperature meter 13 measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzle 9, and a temperature meter 14 measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, which are installed in sequence from the above in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 are input to the 25 control apparatus 200. The place in which the temperature meter 12 is installed is the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, for example, is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and is not protruded to the hole. Further, the temperature detection value which is detected by the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 is 30 output as a command signal operating each of valve opening of a syngas flow rate regulation portion 36 which is installed in an upstream side of the syngas nozzle 9, and an oxygen flow rate regulation portion 37 and a nitrogen flow rate regulation portion 38 which are installed in an upstream side of the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 for regulating a flow rate of the oxygen containing gas, by calculating a temperature deviation from a lower limit set temperature - 20 corresponding to a temperature of the slag-tapping hole 4 which can prevent the solidification of the fused slag which is previously set in the control apparatus 200, and respectively computing a command signal coming to a flow rate of the syngas which should be supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 on the basis of the calculated temperature deviation, and a 5 command signal coming to a flow rate of the oxygen which should be supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, which is necessary for burning the syngas. As a result, since it is possible to burn the syngas by always supplying a minimum flow rate of syngas to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and supplying the oxygen containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas, and heat the slag-tapping hole 4 to a 10 desired temperature which becomes equal to or higher than a fusing point of the coal ash, it is possible to prevent the solidification of the fused slag so as to close the slag-tapping hole 4. Further, the temperature meters 13 and 14 are used for monitoring a fusion loss. The less the supply amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 is made, the better an energy efficiency of the gasifier I becomes. 15 Accordingly, it is preferable to arrange the syngas nozzle 9 provided in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part 3, supply the syngas toward the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to burn, and heat the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. The oxygen containing gas which is necessary for burning the syngas supplied to 20 the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, and the syngas coming down as the flow 101 of the syngas flow from the gasification part 2 through the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to flow into the slag falling part 5 is supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 coming to the position which is below the syngas nozzle 9 and above the start-up burner 11. 25 Further, in order to monitor the temperature within the slag falling part 5, in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, there are installed two temperature meters 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, two temperature meters 13 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzle 9, and two temperature meters 14 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of het wall 30 surface just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 in sequence from the above, so as to correspond to each other. In the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment, it is possible to make a bore diameter of each of the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 smaller than a bore diameter of the start-up burner 11, and it is possible to install the syngas nozzle 9 and - 21 the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 at the position having a close height to the slag-tapping part 3, by employing the structure mentioned above. If the syngas and the oxygen containing gas can be supplied from the position which is close to the slag-tapping part 3, it is possible to set the high temperature flame close to 5 the slag-tapping hole 4, in comparison with the case that the start-up burner 11 is used. Accordingly, it is possible to make the temperature of the slag-tapping hole 4 high by a reduced fuel. In the case of heating the slag-tapping hole 4 by the oxygen of the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, and the flow 101 of the syngas coming down the slag-tapping hole 4 10 from the gasification part 2 so as to flow into the slag falling part 5, it is preferable to set the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 close to the slag-tapping part 3. If the oxygen is supplied at the position which is close to the slag-tapping part, it is mixed with the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 just below the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to be burnt. This is because the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 is constructed by a 15 water-cooled membrane construction (a construction of the cooling wall surface in which a cooling water tube and a membrane bar (a metal plate) are welded alternately). It is necessary to arrange the cooling water tube in a curved manner at a position of the nozzle and the insertion port of the burner, for arranging the cooling water tube while bypassing the nozzle and the insertion port of the burner, however, if it is possible to form the bore diameters of the nozzle and 20 the burner small, a bending amount of the water tube becomes smaller, and it is possible to arrange the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 closer to the slag-tapping part 3 than the start-up burner 11. Next, a description will be given further in detail of a heating method of the slag tapping hole 4 stably falling down the fused slag fusing by the gasification part 2 of the gasifier 1 25 from the slag-tapping hole 4 to the slag falling part 5 and the slag cooling water tank 6 which is installed below the slag falling part 5, without cooling and solidifying the fused slag by the slag tapping hole 4, with reference to Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 4 is an explanatory view in which a flowing condition of the gas is schematically added to a partial enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 of 30 the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4, the syngas nozzle 9, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 and the start up burner 11 are installed in sequence from the above in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier 1. The oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 is provided at the position which is just below the syngas nozzle 9, and inhibits the syngas existing just below the slag-tapping hole 4 - 22 from diffusing downward. The position monitoring the temperature within the slag falling part 5 is set to the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, and the vicinity of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. The temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the 5 just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 monitors a fall-down condition of the fused slag from the slag-tapping hole 4. This is because it is hard to accurately measure the gas temperature due to the attachment of the fused slag constantly falling down, and there is a risk that the temperature meter is broken, even if the temperature meter is installed within the slag-tapping hole 4. On the contrary, if the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag 10 tapping hole 4 can be heated to the fusing point of the fused slag or higher, it is possible to hold down the risk that the fused slag is attached to the temperature meter. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, it is possible to measure the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag 15 tapping hole 4 and calculate a deviation from the set temperature by the control apparatus 200 on the basis of the detection value of the temperature measured by the temperature meter 12, thereby computing the syngas amount corresponding to the deviation temperature, it is possible to compute the oxygen amount which is necessary for burning the syngas amount so as to output each of the command signals, and operate the flow rate regulation portion 36 of the syngas, 20 thereby controlling a minimum syngas amount which is supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, and it is possible to operate a valve opening of the flow rate regulation portion 37 for supplying to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle so as to control the oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, thereby preferably burning the syngas. 25 In other words, the syngas is burnt by controlling the oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 as well as controlling the minimum syngas amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 by the control apparatus 200 in such a manner that the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 measured by the temperature meter 12 keeps a desired temperature, and 30 the gas is heated in such a manner that the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 becomes equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. The temperature monitoring in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 monitors the risk that the fused slag in the lower end surface of the slag-tapping hole 4 is cooled and solidified, operates the valve opening of the - 23 flow rate regulation portion 36 of the syngas by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to regulate the flow rate of the syngas which is supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and is burnt to the minimum flow rate, operates the valve opening of the flow rate regulation portion 37 for supplying to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle so as to regulate the 5 oxygen amount supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas and preferably burn the syngas, and heats the gas in such a manner that the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 becomes equal to or higher than the fusing point of the fused slag. In the present embodiment, the description is given of the case that two 10 temperature meters 12 are installed in the opposite manner just above the syngas nozzle 9, however, the more number of the installed temperature meters is better. It is preferable to measure the gas temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 by installing the temperature meter 13 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzle 9 coming to the position which is closer 15 to the upper portion side than the start-up burner 11, and/or the temperature meter 14 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. They are structured such as to monitor a flame impinge of the start-up burner 11 and protect the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. In the case that the start-up burner 11 is not used, the diffusion condition of the 20 flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 from the slag-tapping hole 4 is monitored by the temperature meter 13 and/or the temperature meter 14. In the case that the syngas and the oxygen containing gas are thrown in the slag falling part 5, respectively from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, it is necessary to avoid the burnout loss risk of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, the syngas 25 nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Accordingly, it is preferable to monitor the temperature by using the temperature meter 13 in the vicinity of the wall surface which is just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 in the vicinity of the wall surface which is just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Both the temperature meters 13 and the temperature meters 14 are installed in an 30 opposed manner at two positions or more so as to monitor the gas temperatures in the vicinity of the syngas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the wall surface. Next, a description will be given of the flow of the gas within the slag falling part 5 from the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 in the case of heating the slag-tapping hole 4 in the gasifier I in which one syngas nozzle 9 and one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in VV Jo39t - 24 the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 3, with reference to Fig. 4. A part of the flow 102 of the syngas generated within the gasification part 2 flows into the slag-tapping hole 4 without inverting in the vicinity of the top surface of the slag-tapping 5 part 3. This is the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5, and the coming down swirl flow. The amount of the syngas coming to the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 is affected by a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4, a gas flow rate within the gasification part 2 or the like, however, reaches several % or more of a whole amount of the 10 syngas. In the present embodiment, a description will be given in the case that a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 is formed as an oval shape. As shown in Fig. 4, the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 from the gasification part 2 is attenuated while diffusing within the slag falling part 5, comes to a flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5, and is collected to the center 15 portion of the slag falling part 5, that is, just below the slag-tapping hole 4. This is because the flow 102 of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 forms the swirl flow, and the axial side of the gasification part 2 comes to a negative pressure. Accordingly, the syngas generated by the gasification part 2 and the gas within the slag falling part 5 all comes up along the axis of the gasification part 2, and is discharged from the gasifier I 20 so as to fall down to the equipment close to the downstream side. Accordingly, if the gas including the oxygen is supplied to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, it is mixed with the flow 104 of the syngas inverted by the slag falling part 5 so as to be burnt. Therefore, it is possible to heat the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. In order to reduce a running cost of the gasifier 1, and make a service life of the refractory material 25 of the slag-tapping part 3 and the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 long, it is effective to locally heat the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. In this case, it is preferable to flow in such a manner as to slowly mix the flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5, and a flow 106 of the oxygen containing gas which is thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 30 10. Since a high temperature flame is not formed by suppressing the diffusion of the flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5 by the flow 106 of the oxygen containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and slowly mixing the both, it is possible to protect the refractory material of the slag-tapping part 3.
- 25 One of methods for forming the flow mentioned above is to form an ascending vortex caused by the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, by using one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. 5 In this case, in the case that it is necessary to further heat the slag-tapping hole 4, the syngas is replenished to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 from the syngas nozzle 9 supplying a part of the syngas generated by the gasification part 2, and the oxygen-containing gas is increased its amount so as to be burnt. Further, it is possible to suppress the amount of the syngas and the amount of the 10 oxygen-containing gas which are thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 to the minimum, even if the coal properties which is gasified by the gasification part 2 is changed, by preferably burning the syngas by installing the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature of the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4 so as to monitor the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag 15 tapping hole 4, regulating the flow rate of the syngas supplied form the syngas nozzle 9 on the basis of the temperature detected by the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200, and regulating the amount of the oxygen supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, for the monitoring of the slag fall-down condition in the slag-tapping hole 4, and the regulation of the amount of the 20 gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 mentioned above. In the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it is possible to carry out the heating of the hole of the slag-tapping part preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole caused by the solidification of the fused slag with an energy saving manner so as to maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high, in the same manner as the 25 case of the gasifier I in accordance with the first embodiment, even in the case that the start-up burner is provided for supporting at a time of starting and stopping the gasifier 1, on the basis of the gasifier which is provided with the gasification part gasifying the combustible content in the coal fed from the burner so as to form the ash content in the coal as the fused slag, the slag tapping part provided in the bottom portion of the gasification part and having the hole for 30 falling down the fused slag in the center portion thereof, and the slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, in which the syngas nozzle supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at the position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying the oxygen containing gas into the slag falling part is installed at the position which is below the syngas - 26 nozzle, and the start-up burner burning the auxiliary fuel is installed at the position of the slag falling part which becomes below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. Further, in the embodiment mentioned above, the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 is arranged in the lower side than the syngas nozzle 9, however, the oxygen containing gas 5 nozzle 10 may be arranged in an upper side than the syngas nozzle 9, or may be arranged at the same height. Since the syngas nozzle supplying a part of the syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part which is close to the slag-tapping part, and the oxygen containing gas nozzle supplying the oxygen containing gas is installed at the position of the slag falling part which is close to the slag-tapping 10 part, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of the gasifier by carrying out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole caused by the solidification of the fused slag by the saved energy. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the 15 heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. Embodiment 3 20 A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a third embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. 5 to 8. Since a basic structure of the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the gasifier in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Figs. I and 2, a description of the structures which are common between the both will be 25 omitted, and only different structures will be described below. The gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention is a gasifier in which two oxygen-containing gas nozzles and two syngas nozzles 9 supplying a part of the syngas generated by the gasifier are installed in an opposed manner in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, for heating the slag-tapping part of the gasifier I under a steady operation. 30 In this case, a description will be given here of an embodiment having two nozzles, however, it is possible to employ an embodiment having four nozzles in the embodiment 4, and an embodiment having a plurality of nozzles. Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of the gasifier VV.209' - 27 corresponding to the third embodiment in accordance with the present invention. In the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment, the structure is made such that two syngas nozzles 9, two oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 and two start-up burners 11 are installed in an opposed manner in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 as shown in Fig. 5. In other words, this is 5 different from the gasifier I in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in a point that the number of each of the nozzles installed in the slag falling part 5 is changed from one to two. Fig. 6 is an explanatory view in which a flowing condition of the gas is schematically added to a partial enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 of 10 the gasifier I shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 6, in a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 provided in the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment, a flat shape such as a rectangular shape, an oval shape, a shape obtained by forming a circular arc in apex portions of a rhombi and the like is suitable, in addition to the oval shape described in the gasifier 1 in accordance with the first embodiment. 15 This is because it is possible to suppress the diffusion of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5, and the syngas can stay just below the slag-tapping hole 4. In the case of the flat slag-tapping hole 4, a swirl (circumferential) component of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 comes into collision with the wall 20 surface close to a long axial direction side of the slag-tapping hole 4, and attenuates. Next, a description will be given of the gas flow within the slag falling part 5 from the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 in the case of heating the just below of the slag tapping hole 4 in the gasifier 1 in which one syngas nozzle 9 and one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 in the gasifier I in accordance 25 with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 5 with reference to Fig. 6. The gas containing the oxygen is supplied to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and is mixed and burnt with the flow 104 of the syngas inverted within the slag falling part 5. In order to protect the refractory material of the slag-tapping part 3, the diffusion of the flow 104 of the syngas inverted by the slag falling 30 part 5 is suppressed by the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas which is thrown in the slag falling part 5, and both the gases are slowly mixed, thereby forming such a flow that a high temperature flame is not formed just below the slag tapping hole 4. Accordingly, in the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment, two oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 are installed horizontally in an opposed manner just below the w oo'+ - 28 slag-tapping hole 4. The flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 from the right and left oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 comes into collision just below the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to be attenuated, and slowly rises together with a flow 107 of the combustion gas rising in the slag falling part 5. 5 In this case, the rising oxygen is mixed with the syngas so as to be burnt, and comes to the flow 107 of the combustion gas rising in the slag falling part 5. In the case of further heating the slag-tapping hole 4, the syngas coming to the fuel is replenished to the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 from the syngas nozzle 9 which is arranged at a position which is above the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 so as to be burnt, just 10 below the slag-tapping hole 4, and heats. The oxygen which is necessary for burning the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 is thrown in from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Next, a description will be given of a flowing state in an installed height cross section of the syngas nozzle 9 which is provided in the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier I in 15 accordance with the third embodiment with reference to Fig. 7. In Fig. 7, the syngas jetted from two opposed syngas nozzles 9 is supplied as a facing jet flow into the slag falling part 5, and the flow 105 of the syngas which is thrown in the slag falling part 5 reaches the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 as a straight flow, and comes into collision with each other. 20 In this case, the flow 105 of the syngas of the facing jet flows which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from two opposed syngas nozzles 9 is attenuated, and comes to a flow of the syngas diffusing in a wall surface direction in which a flowing direction is about 90 degree changed from the flow 105 on the basis of the collision. The flow 108 of the syngas diffusing in the wall surface direction on the basis of 25 the collision of the flow 105 of the syngas of the facing jet flows forms a vortex flow, is circulated as a flow 109 of the syngas diffusing within the slag falling part 5 just below the slag tapping hole 4, and rises toward the slag-tapping hole 4. On the basis of the flowing state mentioned above, the syngas tends to stay just below the slag-tapping hole 4, is mixed and burnt with the oxygen rising from the below of the 30 slag falling part 5, and locally heats the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. Next, a description will be given of a flowing state in an installed height cross section of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 provided in the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier I in accordance with the third embodiment with reference to Fig. 8. In Fig. 8, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied as the facing jet flow into the slag - 29 falling part 5 from two opposed oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10, and the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas which is thrown into the slag falling part 5 reaches the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 as a straight flow, and comes into collision with each other. In this case, the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas of the facing jet flows 5 which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from two opposed oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 is attenuated, and comes to a flow 110 of the oxygen-containing gas diffusing in the wall surface direction in which the direction is changed about 90 degree from the flow 106 on the basis of the collision. The flow 110 of the oxygen-containing gas diffusing in the wall surface direction .0 on the basis of the collision of the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas of the facing jet flow forms the vortex flow, and rises toward the slag-tapping hole 4 while circulating as a flow 111 of the oxygen-containing gas diffusing within the slag falling part 5 just below the slag-tapping hole 4. In this case, the flow 111 of the oxygen-containing gas diffusing within the slag L5 falling part also has a role of inhibiting the flow 108 of the syngas diffusing in a side wall direction on the basis of the collision, and the flow 109 of the syngas diffusing within the slag falling part, from diffusing below the slag falling part 5. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 4, it is necessary to install the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 at a position which is below the syngas nozzle 9. Even in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 5, in the same manner as the case of the gasifier 1 in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature decrease by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping 25 hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas amount thrown in from the oxygen 30 containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. As a result, even if the properties of the coal which is gasified by the gasification part 2 are changed, it is possible to hold down the syngas amount and the oxygen-containing gas - 30 amount which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10, to the minimum, for heating the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to prevent the fused slag from being solidified. Further, it is possible to monitor the gas temperature of the wall surface of the 5 slag falling part 5 and each of the nozzles by the temperature meter 13 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10. This is for the purpose of preventing the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, the 10 syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 from being damaged, on the assumption of the case that the syngas and the oxygen are diffused to the vicinity of the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the 15 heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. Embodiment 4 20 A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a fourth embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. 9 and 10. Since a basic structure of the gasifier in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment shown in Figs. 5 to 8, a description of the structures which are common between the both will be 25 omitted, and only different structures will be described below. The gasifier in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention is a gasifier I in which four oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10, and four syngas nozzles 9 are installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 at intervals of 90 degree, as shown in Fig. 9. Further, the slag-tapping hole 4 of the gasifier I employs a shape obtained by 30 forming apex portions of a rhombi as a circular arc shape, as shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view showing an outline structure of the gasifier corresponding to the fourth embodiment in accordance with the present invention. In the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment, in the temperature meters 12 which are - 31 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, the temperature meters 13 which are installed in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the syngas nozzles 9, and the temperature meters 14 which are installed in the vicinity of the wall surface just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 as shown in Fig. 9, four respective temperature meters are 5 provided in correspondence to the number of each of the nozzles. Fig. 10 is a top elevational view of the slag falling part 4 as seen from the slag tapping part 3 of the gasifier I in the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 9, and a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 employs a shape obtained by forming apex portions of a rhombi as a circular arc shape as one example of the flat shape. 10 In the gasifier 1 in accordance with the fourth embodiment, as mentioned in the gasifier I in accordance with the third embodiment, if the shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 is formed as a flat shape, it is possible to obtain such an effect that the swirl component of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 is brought into contact with the wall surface close to the long axial direction within the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to be attenuated. 15 The fused slag fused by the gasification part 2 comes along the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 by the swirl flow, and falls down from a whole periphery of the slag-tapping hole 4. Accordingly, it is possible to make a length of wetting lip falling down the fused slag long, by forming the slag-tapping hole 4 as the circular arc shape. Accordingly, it is possible to make a liquid film of the fused slag flowing in the 20 slag-tapping hole 4 thin, and it is possible to suppress the local stay of the slag, and the fusion loss of the refractory material of the slag-tapping part 3. Next, a description will be given of an arrangement of the nozzles which are installed in the slag falling part 5. In the syngas nozzles 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 which are installed in the slag falling part 5, they are installed respectively four at 25 intervals of 90 degree, and are arranged so as to be opposed by every two on center lines of a short side and a long side of the slag-tapping hole 4. Accordingly, it is possible to securely bring the flows of the syngas and the oxygen-containing gas which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into collision with each other just below the slag-tapping 30 hole 4. Even in the case that an error is generated in the installed places of the nozzles, the jet flows of the syngas and the oxygen-containing gas which are jetted out of the nozzles more easily come into collision with each other just below the slag-tapping hole 4, in the case that four nozzles 9 and 10 are respectively provided at intervals of 90 degree, than the case that - 32 two nozzles are provided. Further, in order to suppress a scattering of the fused slag within the slag falling part 5 caused by the jet flow of the syngas and the oxygen-containing gas which are jetted out of the respective nozzles 9 and 10, the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 5 have critical flow speeds. In this case, if the fused slag scatters within the slag falling part 5, it causes the obstruction of the syngas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and the start-up burner 11. If the nozzle and the burner of the slag falling part 5 are obstructed, the slag-tapping hole 4 can not be heated, and is obstructed by the fused slag, thereby causing a gasification stop. 10 Accordingly, in the case of increasing or decreasing by using the flow rates of the syngas and the oxygen-containing gas which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 as a parameter, the numbers of the syngas nozzles 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are increased, and a freedom of an operating procedure is secured. For example, in the case that the amounts of the syngas and the oxygen 15 containing gas which are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are set small, in the case that the syngas nozzles 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 which are used are installed such that respective two are opposed, if the gas amounts of the syngas and the oxygen-containing gas are increased, they go over the critical flow rates in the opposed two nozzles. 20 In order to cope with the critical flow speed, the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 of the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment use four nozzles including two additional nozzles which are arranged at the positions which are 90 degree with respect to two opposed nozzles, in addition to two opposed nozzles. Accordingly, it is possible to hold down the flow speed of the jet flow which is 25 jetted out of four nozzles including the syngas nozzles 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 to the critical limit, and it is possible to prevent the fused slag scattering within the slag falling part 5. Even in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 9, in the same manner as the case of the gasifier I in accordance with the first embodiment shown 30 in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole VV .309t' - 33 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen amount thrown in from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the 5 temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power 10 plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. Embodiment 5 A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a fifth embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. 11 and 12. 15 Since a basic structure of the gasifier in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the gasifier in accordance with the second embodiment shown in Figs. 5 to 8, a description of the structures which are common between the both will be omitted, and only different structures will be described below. The slag-tapping hole 4 of the gasifier I in accordance with the fifth embodiment 20 of the present invention employs a shape having an oval type circular arc shape, as shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 12 is an explanatory view in which a flowing condition of the gas is schematically added to a partial enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag-tapping part 3 of the gasifier 1 shown in Fig. 11. 25 As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, if the shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 provided in the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment is formed as a flat shape such as an oval shape or the like, the swirl component of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier I comes into collision with the wall surface close to the long axial direction of the oval shape within the slag-tapping hole 4 so as to be attenuated. Accordingly, 30 the syngas within the slag falling part 5 is hard to be diffused, and tends to come to the flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5. The flow 104 of the syngas which is inverted by the slag falling part 5 is mixed and burnt with the oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 just below the - 34 slag-tapping hole 4, comes to the flow 103 of the combustion gas rising along the slag-tapping part 3, and heats the slag-tapping hole 4. In the slag-tapping hole 4, the axial side of the gasification part 2 comes to a negative pressure by the swirl flow of the flow 102 of the syngas which is generated by the 5 gasification part 2, and is heated by the flow 103 of the combustion gas rising in the slag-tapping part 3. On the contrary, the outer peripheral side of the gasification part 2 of the slag tapping hole 4 is heated by the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 while swirling. Since the swirl flow becomes stronger toward the outer peripheral side of the 10 gasification part 2, the longer the long side of the oval shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 is made, the stronger the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 is. The fused slag falling down along the upper surface of the slag-tapping part 3 from the wall surface of het gasification part 2 is accompanied by the swirl flow such as the flow 102 of the syngas generated in the gasification part 2, and the flow 101 of the syngas flowing 15 into the slag falling part 5. The most part of the fused slag falls down from the short side of the oval slag tapping hole 4. The oval slag-tapping hole 4 reduces a risk that the fused slag is blown up to the above of the gasification part 2 by the flow 103 of the combustion gas rising along the slag tapping part 3. 2 0 Assuming the case that the fused slag falling down along the short side of the oval shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 is solidified by the reduction of the temperature by some chance, the length of the long side of the oval shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 is reduced. The reduction of the length of the long side of the slag-tapping hole 4 weakens the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5, and causes the temperature reduction of the 25 temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. Accordingly, even in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 11, in the same manner as the case of the gasifier 1 in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired 30 temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen-containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied VV 3Jo - 35 from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas amount thrown in from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. 5 Further, in the gasifier 1 in accordance with the present embodiment, it is possible to monitor the falling condition of the fused slag by monitoring the temperature by means of the temperature meter 12 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4. Further, it is possible to intend to protect the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas 10 nozzle 10, by monitoring the temperature by means of the temperature meter 13 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Finally, as one example showing an effect of the present invention, Fig. 13 shows 15 a result of test that the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 or the start-up burner 11, and the falling condition of the fused slag is monitored by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4, in a gasification test in the gasification part I in which the slag-tapping hole 4 is formed as the oval shape. 20 This figure shows the result of gasification test that only the oxygen-containing gas is thrown in the slag falling part 5 by using a coal having an ash fusing point 1420*C and a fuel ratio 1.2. First of all, a reference condition is set to such a condition that 70 Nm 3 /h of oxygen and the oxygen-containing gas having an oxygen concentration 25 % are thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the start-up burner 11. A reference temperature is set to a gas 25 temperature of the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 which is measured under this condition. Next, with regard to a condition that the oxygen containing gas enhanced to an oxygen concentration 40 % is thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, an increment from the reference temperature is shown in the gas temperature mentioned above. 30 Even in the reference condition, the gas temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 indicates a temperature which is close to the ash fusing point, and a stable falling of the fused slag is confirmed. Further, under a condition that the oxygen-containing gas is thrown in the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, the gas temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in - 36 the vicinity of the just below the slag-tapping hole 4 rises 100*C or more to the maximum from the reference temperature, and the fused slag stably falls down in the same manner as the reference condition. Accordingly, it is possible to carry out the gasification operation of regulating the 5 heating condition of the slag falling part 5 while monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag, by employing the temperature measuring procedure shown by the present invention. Further, with regard to the input position of the oxygen-containing gas to the slag falling part 5, it is confirmed that the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 closer to the slag-tapping hole 4 is advantageous for heating the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping 10 hole 4. The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 may be constructed by a single tube nozzle structure which is easily cooled, as is different from the start-up burner 11 having the complicated structure. Accordingly, it is possible to carry out such an operation that an oxygen amount and an oxygen concentration are further increased. Further, in the case that the gas 15 temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4 is significantly lowered, it is preferable that the syngas is thrown in from the syngas nozzle 9. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the 2O heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. The present embodiment is particularly effective for the gasification operation of the coal kind having a high fusing point, in which it is necessary to 25 make the temperature of the slag-tapping hole high. Embodiment 6 A description will be given of a gasifier corresponding to a sixth embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Figs. 14 and 15. Since a basic structure of the gasifier in accordance with the sixth embodiment of 30 the present invention is the same as the gasifier in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a description of the structures which are common between the both will be omitted, and only different structures will be described below. The gasifier I in accordance with the sixth embodiment of the present invention - 37 shown in Fig. 14 is a gasifier I in which the position of the start-up burner 11 installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 is installed to a position which is the same height as that of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and is shifted at 90 degree from the correspondingly arranged oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. 5 The start-up burner 11 is arranged at the same height position as the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment, for the reason of reducing an obstruction risk of the jet port of the start-up burner 11 caused by the scattering and attachment of the fused slag falling out of the slag-tapping hole 4. In accordance that the start-up burner 11 is downward apart from the slag-tapping part, the risk of the 10 obstruction of the burner leading end caused by the attachment of the scattering slag is enhanced. If the start-up burner in the lowest portion can be moved upward, this risk can be lightened. On the contrary, in accordance that the installed height of the start-up burner 11 is lower (is away from the lower surface of the slag-tapping hole 4), the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4 tends to be attached to the start-up burner 11. Accordingly, in the 15 light of the protection of the start-up burner 11, it is preferable to change the installed height to the same height position as the upper oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. During a steady operation of the gasifier 1, the start-up burner 11 is not used for heating the slag-tapping hole 4, but supplies a purging nitrogen for protecting the start-up burner 11 itself Accordingly, even if the installed height of the start-up burner 11 is changed to the 20 same height position as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, an influence exerting to the flow within the slag falling part 5 is small. Further, an intended use of the start-up burner 11 is widened by installing two start-up burners 11 so as to be opposed to each other in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 in such a manner as to be shifted at 90 degree from the installed position of the oxygen 25 containing gas nozzle, at the same installed height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. In other words, it is possible to carry out such an operation that the oxygen containing gas is supplied from the start-up burner 11 in addition to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Accordingly, it is possible to supply more amount of oxygen-containing gas into the slag falling part 5 at a low flow rate. 30 Assuming the operation of the gasifier I having the structure mentioned above, it is preferable that the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 is installed in each of two start-up burners 11 side which are installed at the same height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, in addition to a pair of temperature meters 12 which are installed so as to be opposed, and totally four temperature W 30141 - 38 meters 12 are installed. Fig. 15 is a top elevational view of the slag falling part 5 as seen from the slag tapping part of the gasifier I in accordance with the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 14, and a shape of the slag-tapping hole 4 employs an oval shape. 5 Further, a description will be given of the arrangement of the lower burner 8 installed in the gasification part 2. As shown in Fig. 15, a virtual circle 113 having a tangential line in center lines of all the lower burners 8 is uniquely defined by drawing the center lines 112 of four lower burners 8 which are installed in a tangential direction at intervals of 90 degree in the wall surface of the gasification part 2. 10 The swirl flow of the flow 101 of the syngas flowing into the slag falling part 5 is formed along the virtual circle 113 having the tangential line in the center lines of all the lower burners 8. Accordingly, much syngas having a high temperature flows into the slag falling part 5 by forming a diameter of the virtual circle 113 having the tangential line in the center lines 15 of all the lower burners 8 smaller than the long side of the slag-tapping hole 4. Therefore, it is possible to effectively heat the outer peripheral side of the slag tapping hole 4 along which the fused slag fused by the gasification part 2 falls down, by the high-temperature syngas, and it is possible to avoid the risk of the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole 4 by cooling and solidifying the fused slag. 20 Even in the gasifier I in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 14, in the same manner as the case of the gasifier I in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the 25 slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen-containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen amount thrown in from the oxygen-containing gas 30 nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the - 39 heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. 5 Embodiment 7 Next, a description will be given of a thermal power plant using a gasifier corresponding to a seventh embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Fig. 16. Since the gasifier constructing the thermal power plant in accordance with the 10 seventh embodiment has the same basic structure as the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment shown in Figs. 5 to 8, a description of the structure relating to the gasifier I will be omitted, and a description will be given below of the structure of the thermal power plant. Fig. 16 shows a general structure of the thermal power plant provided with the gasifier 1 in accordance with the third embodiment shown in Figs. 5 to 8, and the thermal power 15 plant in accordance with the present embodiment is provided a system which purifies the syngas 19 generated by the gasification part of the gasifier 1, and supplies a part thereof as the syngas 29 from the syngas nozzle 9 installed in the slag falling part 5 into the slag falling part 5, and a control apparatus 200 which regulates a heating condition of the slag falling part 5 on the basis of a means for monitoring a falling condition of the fused slag falling down from the slag 20 tapping hole 4. First of all, a description will be given of a process flow of a coal gasification thermal power plant. A combustible content in the coal is gasified on the basis of the burning reaction with the oxygen by throwing the fuel coal formed as fine powders and the oxygen containing gas from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 which are installed in the 25 gasification part 2 of the gasifier 1, and the syngas 19 having CO and H2 as a main component is generated. The syngas 19 generated by the gasification part 2 is discharged from the top portion of the gasifier 1, is cooled by a heat recovery portion 15 which is sequentially arranged in a downstream side of the gasifier 1, and thereafter flows into a dust removal equipment 16, a 30 demineralizer 17 and a desulfurizer 18 so as to be sequentially dust removed, demineralized and desulfurized, whereby impurities in the syngas 19 is removed. In the desulfurizer 18, a sulfur content in the syngas 19 is recovered as a calcium sulfate. Further, in the process of the desulfurization, an exhaust gas 21 including a small -40 amount of sulfur content (H 2 S or the like) is generated. The exhaust gas 21 including the sulfur content is discharged out of the system via a chimney 28 after being supplied to a flare stack 47 from the desulfurizer 18 so as to be completely burnt. The most part of the desulfurized syngas 19 coming out of the desulfurizer 18 is 5 supplied as a syngas 20 for a power generating fuel to a combustor 22 constructing the gas turbine apparatus. In the combustor 22, an air 33 incorporated into a compressor 23 is pressurized so as to be supplied as a combustion air, is mixed with the syngas 20 of the power generating fuel so as to be burnt, and generates a combustion gas having a high temperature. The combustion gas generated by the combustor 22 drives a turbine 24, and 10 rotates a power generator (not shown) so as to generate power. Further, the exhaust gas driving the turbine 24 is supplied to an exhaust heat recovery steam generator 26 so as to generate a steam 27 on the basis of a heat exchange between the exhaust gas and a feed water, and the exhaust gas which is heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery steam generator 26 and is temperature lowered is discharged out of the system via the chimney 28. 15 The steam 27 generated by the exhaust heat recovery steam generator 26 on the basis of the heat exchange with the exhaust gas drives a steam turbine 25, and rotates a power generator (not shown) so as to generate power. The steam falling down the steam turbine 25 is cooled so as to come to a feed water, and is supplied to the thermal heat recovery steam generator 26. 0 A power generation system having a high efficiency can be provided by a combined cycle power generation obtained by combining the gas turbine apparatus and the steam turbine. On the other hand, a part of the syngas falling down in the desulfurizer 18 is supplied as a syngas 29 from the syngas nozzle 9 installed in the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier 25 1 into the slag falling part 5, and is used as a fuel for heating the slag-tapping hole 4. An oxygen 31 and a nitrogen 32 which are supplied to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed in the slag falling part 5 of the gasifier I are manufactured by the air separator 30 by using an air 41 incorporated into the air separator 30 as a raw material. Further, the syngas 29 supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 30 9 is mixed with the oxygen 31 supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 so as to be burnt, and prevents the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4 from being solidified, by heating the slag-tapping hole 4. Next, a description will be given of a monitoring means for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag from the slag-tapping hole 4 of the gasifier 1. The monitoring - 41 means includes the following four kinds. Monitoring means of the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole: The gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole is measured by the temperature meter 12 which is installed in the vicinity of the just below of the 5 slag-tapping hole 4. In order to prevent the fused slag falling down from the slag-tapping hole 4 from being solidified, it is desirable that the gas temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 which is measured by the temperature meter 12 secures a temperature which is equal to or higher than a fusing temperature of the ash content thrown into the gasification part 2. 10 Monitoring means of a differential pressure of the slag-tapping part: A differential pressure between the gasification part 2 and the slag falling part 5 coming to a differential pressure of the slag-tapping part is measured by a differential pressure measuring device 42. If the slag-tapping hole 4 is obstructed by the fused slag or the like, the differential pressure of the differential pressure measuring device 42 rises. Accordingly, the differential pressure of the 15 slag-tapping part 3 measured by the differential pressure measuring device 42 holds a state in which it is equal to or less than a predetermined value. Monitoring means of a falling image of the fused slag: The slag-tapping hole 4 or the slag falling part 5 just below the slag-tapping hole 4 is photographed by using a monitoring camera 46 installed in the slag falling part 5, and a falling image of the fused slag is monitored. 20 Further, the image photographed by the monitoring camera 46 is confirmed by a visual observation or a slag falling image processing apparatus 45, whether or not a falling amount, a speed and a viscosity of the fused slag are changed, on the basis of the image obtained by photographing a state under a steady operation of the gasifier I by means of the monitoring camera 46. 25 Monitoring means of a slag weight: The fused slag falling down to the slag cooling water tank 6 from the slag-tapping hole 4 is cooled so as to be solidified, and comes to a granulated slag having a granular shape. The granulated slag is discharged out of the system of the gasifier 1, via a slag recovery valve 44 which is installed in a bottom portion of the slag cooling water tank 6. 30 A slag discharge amount per unit time is measured by measuring the granulated slag discharged out of the system of the gasifier I by means of a slag weight measuring device 43. Further, it is monitored whether or not a rate of the slag discharge amount measured by the slag weight measuring device 43 is changed with respect to a total weight of the ash content per unit time which is thrown into the gasification part 2.
VV Jo-t-t - 42 Next, in the gasifier I provided in the gasification thermal power plant in accordance with the present embodiment, a regulation algorithm of a heating condition of the slag-tapping hole 4 by the control apparatus 200 carrying out the heating control of the slag tapping hole 4 incorporating the data of the monitoring means comes to the following procedure. 5 1) As an initial condition at a time of the steady operation of the gasifier 1, the syngas is not supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, but only the oxygen containing gas is thrown in from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10. It is desirable that the oxygen concentration is about 20 to 25 % which is close to the air. 2) In the case of detecting an abnormality by any of the monitoring means for four 10 items mentioned above, the flow rate of the oxygen is increased by regulating an oxygen flow rate regulation portion 37 installed in an upstream side of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 by the control apparatus 200 by giving first priority to the detection temperature of the temperature meter 12 measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4, and the concentration of the oxygen supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the 15 oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is made high. An upper limit of the oxygen concentration is set on the basis of the temperature range protecting the refractory material of the slag-tapping part 3, the wall surface of the slag falling part 5, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the syngas nozzle 9. The temperature within the slag falling part 5 is monitored by being measured by 20 using the temperature meter 12 which is installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag tapping hole 4, the temperature meter 13 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. In other words, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to 25 the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the 30 oxygen-containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas amount thrown in from the oxygen containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas.
- 43 Further, the temperature meter 13 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the syngas nozzle 9, and the temperature meter 14 which is installed in the wall surface of the slag falling part 5 just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are used for monitoring the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and 5 monitoring the wall surface of the slag falling part 5. 3) In the case that the temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 does not reach the fusing temperature of the ash content thrown in the gasification part 2, on the basis of the operation 2) mentioned above, the concentration of the oxygen supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing 10 gas nozzle 10 and the flow rate of the oxygen are increased on the basis of the command signal from the control apparatus 200. In this case, the command signal is output to the oxygen flow rate regulation portion 37 and the nitrogen flow rate regulation portion 38 from the control apparatus 200 in such a manner as to uniformize the concentration of the oxygen which is supplied to the slag 15 falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. The temperature monitoring of the slag falling part 5 is the same as the item 2). 4) The temperature reduction in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 which is measure by the temperature 12 in the vicinity of the just below the slag-tapping hole 4 indicates a reduction of a hole area of the slag-tapping hole 4 due to an attachment of the 20 fused slag or the like. If the hole area of the slag-tapping hole 4 is reduced, the other temperature reduction of the slag falling part 5, and a reduction of the falling amount of the fused slag are also observed. In the case that these phenomena are viewed, a command supplying the syngas into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9 is output to the flow rate regulation portion 25 36 of the syngas from the control apparatus 200. In this case, an upper limit of the syngas amount is set to such a flow rate that the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 is completely burnt by the amount of oxygen supplied form the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. 5) In the case that the temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 does not reach the fusing temperature of the 30 ash which is thrown into the gasification part 2, even by the operation 4) mentioned above, the command signal from the control apparatus 200 increases each of the flow rate of the syngas which is supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, and the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas which is supplied into the slag falling part 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.
- 44 In this case, it is preferable to set up a control logic changing flow rates in the order of the nitrogen, the oxygen and the syngas, and a control logic regulating the amount of the supplied oxygen to a flow rate necessary for the complete combustion of the syngas. 6) In the case that the temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the 5 vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 does not sufficiently rise, and the image and the flow rate of the falling fused slag are not improved, even by the operation 5) mentioned above, the attachment of the fused slag to the slag-tapping hole 4 makes progress, and the differential pressure of the slag-tapping part rises. In this case, a command for reigniting the start-up burner 11 installed in the wall 10 surface of the slag falling part 5 so as to enter into the stop operation of the gasifier I is output from the control apparatus 200. Further, the command from the control apparatus 200 quickly stops the coal supply from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 to the gasification part 2, and the supply of the syngas and the oxygen from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the syngas nozzle 9. 15 The start-up burner 11 is reignited for the reason of extract the fused slag from the gasification part 2 into the slag falling part 5. In this case, in the case of obtaining such an information that the fusing temperature of the ash content thrown in the gasification part 2 is high, it is possible to start from the item 2) mentioned above. 20 Further, since the opposed respective two nozzles and burners which are installed in the slag falling part 5 are used, in the operation of the gasifier I mentioned above, the collision position of the jet flow supplied from the nozzle and the burner is deviated from the center portion of the slag falling part 5 if the flow rate deviation is generated between the nozzles and the burners arranged so as to be opposed to each other, thereby coming to a factor blowing away 25 the falling fused slag. Accordingly, it is preferable to add such a control logic as to suppressing the flow rate deviation of the jet flow supplied from the oppositely arranged nozzles and burners equal to or less than ± 5 to 10 %, to the control apparatus 200. Even in the gasifier I provided in the gasification thermal power plant in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 16, in the same manner as the case of the 30 gasifier 1 in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling VV Jo'Wt' -45 condition of the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen-containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen amount thrown in from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, 5 on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. Further, the temperature meter can be installed in the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping hole, and a control apparatus can be provided for controlling the oxygen-containing gas supplied form the oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of the 10 temperature detection value in the vicinity of the slag-tapping hole measured by the temperature, and changing the concentration of the oxygen supplied to the slag falling part. In addition to making the concentration of the oxygen supplied to the slag falling part 5 high in the case of detecting the abnormality by any of the monitoring means described in the procedure 2 mentioned above, the operation may be carried out by controlling such as to rise the oxygen 15 concentration of the oxygen-containing gas at a time of a normal operation. The oxygen concentration rise of the oxygen-containing gas can reduce a thermal loss of a sensible heat of the nitrogen or the like, and can reduce an input amount of the oxygen and the syngas. Accordingly, it is possible to improve a power generation efficiency. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to 20 achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. 25 Embodiment 8 Next, a description will be given of a thermal power plant using a gasifier corresponding to an eighth embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to Fig. 17. Since the gasifier constructing the thermal power plant in accordance with the 30 seventh embodiment has the same basic structure as the gasifier in accordance with the third embodiment shown in Figs. 5 to 8, and a basic structure of the gasification thermal power plant is the same as the gasification thermal power plant shown in Fig. 16, a description of the structure relating to the gasifier 1 and the common structure with the gasification thermal power VV J o't't - 46 plant in Fig. 16 will be omitted, and a description will be given below of the different structure of the thermal power plant. A different point of the structure of the gasification thermal power plant in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 17 from the 5 gasification thermal power plant in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 16 is to cover the oxygen 31 and the nitrogen 32 for heating the slag tapping hole 4 from the air 33 incorporated into the compressor 23. All the oxygen-containing gas necessary in the gasification thermal power plant is supplied from the compressor 23 which is driven by the turbine 24 of the gas turbine apparatus, 10 and there is obtained such an effect as to reduce an operating energy on the basis of a reduction of the number of the auxiliaries. In the case that the gas temperature measured by the temperature meter 12 in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 is higher than a desired temperature without supplying the syngas, the oxygen-containing gas or the supporting fuel from the syngas nozzle 9, 15 the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 or the start-up burner 11, for heating the slag-tapping hole 4 of the gasifier 1, the control apparatus 200 outputs such a command of reducing an air amount to the air flow rate regulating portion 48 regulating the air amount supplied to the air separator 30 from the compressor 23 so as to reduce or stop the supply of the syngas, the oxygen-containing gas or the supporting fuel which are supplied to the slag falling part 5 from the syngas nozzle 9, 20 the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 or the start-up burner 11. The surplus air is discharged to the chimney 28 via a flare stack 47 by outputting such a command as to increase the air amount to the air flow rate regulation portion 49 of the flare stack regulating an amount of the air supplied to the flare stack 47 from the compressor 23, by means of the control apparatus 200. 25 Even in the gasifier 1 provided in the gasification thermal power plant in accordance with the present embodiment shown in Fig. 17, in the same manner as the case of the gasifier I in accordance with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to prevent the fused slag from being solidified due to the temperature reduction by heating the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 to a desired temperature by measuring and monitoring the temperature in the 30 vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 by means of the temperature meter 12 installed in the vicinity of the just below of the slag-tapping hole 4 for monitoring the falling condition of the fused slag in the slag-tapping hole 4 and regulating the amount of the syngas thrown in the slag falling part 5 and the oxygen-containing gas amount, and regulating and supplying the flow rate of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle 9 and the oxygen amount - 47 thrown in from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 which is necessary for burning the syngas, on the basis of the temperature output from the temperature meter 12 by means of the control apparatus 200 so as to preferably burn the syngas. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to 5 achieve the gasifier which can maintain the efficiency of the gasifier high by carrying out the heating of the slag-tapping hole preventing the obstruction of the slag-tapping hole due to the solidification of the fused slag in accordance with the energy saving manner, the thermal power plant using the gasifier, the operating procedure of the gasifier, and the operating procedure of the thermal power plant using the gasifier. 10 The present invention can be applied to a coal gasifier which gasifies an organic material and forming the ash content as the fused slug, and a thermal power plant provided with the gasifier. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

Claims (13)

1. A gasifier comprising: a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag; a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein a syngas nozzle supplying a part of a syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying an oxygen-containing gas is installed at the position of the slag falling part which is close to the slag-tapping part.
2. A gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxygen containing gas nozzle is installed at a position which is blow said syngas supplying nozzle.
3. A gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein a start-up burner which is installed in the slag falling part and burning a auxiliary fuel is installed at a position which is below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle.
4. A gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole of the slag-tapping part is formed as a flat shape, and the syngas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are installed in the slag falling part just below a long axial direction forming said flat hole of the slag-tapping part so as to be opposed to each other.
5. A gasifier as claimed in claim 4, wherein a start-up burner which is installed in the slag falling part and burning a auxiliary fuel is installed at a position which is just below a short axial direction forming said flat hole of the slag-tapping part, and is at the same height as that of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle.
6. A gasifier as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein a lower burner in an upper burner and the lower burner which supply a coal and an oxygen to the gasification part so as to carry out a burning reaction within said gasification part is installed in a wall surface of said gasification part in such a manner that a center line passing through an axis of the lower burner is positioned on a tangential line of a circle having a diameter which is smaller than a long side of the slag tapping part in which the hole of the slag-tapping part is formed as a flat shape.
7. A gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control apparatus controlling an oxygen-containing gas supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value - 49 of the slag-tapping part measured by said temperature meter, and changing a concentration of the oxygen supplied to said slag falling part.
8. A gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said syngas nozzle and the oxygen containing gas nozzle are installed so as to be opposed to each other, and the gasifier has a control apparatus controlling in such a manner that a flow rate deviation of the opposed gas nozzles becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value.
9. A gasifier as claimed in claim 4, wherein a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control apparatus controlling an oxygen-containing gas supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value measured by said temperature meter, and said control apparatus controls flow rate deviations of the amounts of the syngas and the oxygen which are respectively supplied from the syngas nozzle and the oxygen containing gas nozzle arranged so as to be opposed to each other in such a manner that they become equal to or less than ± 5 %.
10. A thermal power plant using a gasifier comprising: the gasifier comprising a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein a syngas nozzle supplying a part of a syngas generated in the gasification part into the slag falling part is installed at a position of the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle supplying an oxygen-containing gas into said slag falling part and a start-up burner burning for supplemental firing are installed at a position of the slag falling part which is below said syngas nozzle, a temperature meter is installed in the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and the gasifier is provided with a control apparatus controlling an amount of the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle and an amount of the oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle on the basis of a temperature detection value measured by the temperature meter; a desulfurization apparatus desulfurizing the syngas by introducing the syngas generated in the gasification part of the gasifier from said gasifier; a combustor burning by using the syngas which is desulfurized by the desulfurization apparatus as a fuel so as to generate a combustion gas; a turbine driven by the combustion gas which is generated by the combustor; - 50 a power generator generating power by being driven by the gas turbine, and a compressor compressing the air so as to supply as a combustion air to said combustor; a system supplying a part of the syngas which is branched from said desulfurization apparatus to the syngas nozzle of said gasifier; an air separation unit separating an oxygen from the air which is extracted from said compressor; and a system supplying the oxygen which is separated by the air separation unit to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle of said gasifier.
11. An operating procedure of a gasifier, the gasifier comprising: a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag; a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, and a slag falling part just below the slag-tapping part, wherein the procedure comprises the steps of: measuring a temperature of the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part and does not protrude to the hole, and controlling an amount of the syngas supplying a part of the syngas generated in said gasification part into the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part through a syngas nozzle installed in the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, on the basis of the measured temperature detection value; and controlling an amount of an oxygen-containing gas which is supplied through an oxygen-containing gas nozzle installed in said slag falling part for burning the supplied syngas.
12. An operating procedure of the gasifier as claimed in claim 11, wherein the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle is supplied to a position within the slag falling part which is above the supplying position of the oxygen-containing gas which is supplied into the slag falling part form the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, the syngas supplied from the syngas nozzle is supplied from a plurality of syngas nozzles which are installed so as to be opposed, into the slag falling part respectively in an opposed manner at a flow rate that a flow rate deviation becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is supplied from a plurality of oxygen-containing gas nozzles which are installed so as to be opposed, into the slag falling part respectively in an opposed manner at a flow rate that a flow rate deviation becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value.
13. An operating procedure of a thermal power plant using a gasifier, the thermal w jot - 51 power plant comprising: the gasifier provided with a gasification part gasifying a combustible content in a coal fed from a burner so as to form an ash content in the coal as a fused slag, and a slag-tapping part provided in a bottom portion of the gasification part and having a hole for falling down the fused slag in a center portion thereof, the operating procedure comprising the steps of: desulfurizing the syngas by means of a desulfurization apparatus by introducing the syngas generated in the gasification part of the gasifier from said gasifier; burning by means of a combustor by using the desulfurized syngas as a fuel so as to generate a combustion gas; driving a turbine by the generated combustion gas so as to generate power by means of a power generator driven by said turbine; compressing the air by means of a compressor driven by said turbine so as to supply as a combustion air to said combustor; supplying a part of the syngas which is branched from said desulfurization apparatus to the syngas nozzle which is installed in the slag falling part of said gasifier; and separating an oxygen from the air which is extracted from said compressor so as to supply the separated oxygen to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle which is installed in the slag falling part of said gasifier, wherein the operating procedure comprises the steps of: measuring a temperature of the slag falling part at a position which is just below the slag-tapping part of the gasifier and does not protrude to the hole, and controlling an amount of the syngas supplying a part of the syngas generated in said gasification part into the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part through said syngas nozzle installed in the slag falling part in the vicinity of the slag-tapping part, on the basis of the measured temperature detection value; and controlling an amount of an oxygen-containing gas which is supplied through said oxygen-containing gas nozzle installed in the slag falling part for burning the supplied syngas.
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